Literatures of study on acupoint functional effect of encephalic region with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are collected from the database of China National Knowledge Information (CNKI) and Wan fang database. Analysis and comments are made respectively from the status quo of studies on combination of single acupoint, two acupoints and multiple acupoints under both physiological and pathological conditions. The results show that the corresponding encephalic regions can be specifically activated by acupuncture. And different regions can be activated by different acupoints. However, studies on single acupoint, two acupoints and three acupoints are the major researches carried out at present. It is still lack of observation on effect of commonly-used combinations in clinic. Moreover, the reliability of the research results are also affected by disunity of operations protocol, reinforcing or reducing manipulations, intensity or depth of stimulation and duration of needling retention. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified and standard operation protocol to strictly control the bias factors which may affect the result of research in the future, and take patients as the study target as much as possible, so as to further explore the central effect mechanism.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography

Objective To discuss the national standard method of"General Test Method in Salt IndustryDetermination of Iodine Ion"and point OUt an incorrect concentration of sodium hypochlorite(NaClO)solution which is not matched with the concentration of oxalic acid solution being used in the national standard method.Methods The iodine ion in the reference salt was determined step by step as stipulated in the method.During the test,the concentration of the NaClO solution was altered from 5.0%to 0.1%in order to screen the suitable ranges of the concentration of NaClO solution.Results 5.0%NaClO solution was used according to the national standard method,which led to a significant deviation up to 700 ms/kg.The relative errors of the standard iodized salt determination were respectively 2312.0%,185.0%,4.0%,3.3%,-0.6%,-3.0%,-3.3%with different concentration NaClO(5.0%,3.0%,2.5%,1.0%,0.3%,0.2%,0.1%).Conclusion Under the circumstance that the concentration of the oxalic acid solution remains the same.the concentration of NaClO solution must be revised into 0.3%～2.5%in the national standard method to decrease testing errors.

Through scale-up cultivation of Eriobotrya japonica suspension cells using WAVE bioreactor, the cell growth and ursolic acid (UA) accumulation were studied. The comparison test was carried out in the flask and the reactor with cell dry weight (DW) and UA content as evaluation indexes. The culture medium, DW and UA content were compared in 1 L and 5 L working volumes of bioreactor. The orthogonal test with main actors of inoculation amount, speed and angle of rotation was developed to find the optimal combination, in 1 L working volume of bioreactor. DW of the cell growth and the UA content in bioreactor were higher than those of the shaker by 105.5% and 27.65% respectively. In bioreactor, the dynamic changes of elements in the fluid culture, the dry weight of the cell growth and the UA content in 1 L and 5 L working volumes were similar. Inoculation of 80 g, rotational speed of 26 r · min(-1), and angle of 6 ° was the optimal combination, and the cell biomass of 19.01 g · L(-1) and the UA content of 27.750 mg · g(-1) were achieved after 100 h cultivation in 1 L working volume of bioreactor. WAVE Bioreactor is more suitable than flasks for the E. japonica cell suspension culture, and culture parameters can be achieved from 1 L to 5 L amplification.
Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Eriobotrya ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effects of asthmatic children treated by inhaled salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propi-onate powder. Methods One hundred and fourty cases of moderate and severe asthmatic children were treated in non- acute period aged from 4 to 14 years by inhaling salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder, compared with control group treated by flu-ticasone propionate in 106 cases, and the pulmonary function was monitored simultaneously. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group and control group were 99. 3 % , 99. 1 % , respectively.The pulmonary function indexes such as the first one second expiration volume(FEV1), flow velocity of 50 % expiration vital capacity(FEF50%), peak expiration velocity(PEF1) after being treated 4 months was improved significantly compared with those before treatment.The difference between them was statistically significant (P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of dressing materials in various combinations on burn wound microenvironment and healing condition.

METHODSTwo hundred donor sites with wounds of 0.3 mm in depth in 186 burn patients, who needed skin grafting and admitted to our ward were enrolled in study, and they were divided into A (with dressing composed of alginate + cotton pad for donor area), B (with dressing composed of vaseline gauze + cotton pad for donor area), C (with dressing composed of alginate + foam dressing for donor area), D (with dressing composed of vaseline gauze + foam dressing for donor area) groups according to random table method. Effect of dressings on wound evaporation and pH value were observed. Bacterial colonization, degree of pain complained by patients after dressing change, and wound healing time in each group were compared.

RESULTSOne hundred and eighty-four patients complied with the study, while 2 patients were excluded due to untimely falling-off of the dressing. Wound evaporation in A, B, C, D groups was (35.5 +/- 3.2), (31.3 +/- 2.8), (23.1 +/- 2.9), (18.1 +/- 2.3) mL x h(-1) x m(-2) respectively, among them B group showed optimal effect of keeping humidity (P < 0.01). Wound pH value in A, B, C, D groups was 7.22 +/- 0.06, 7.41 +/- 0.03, 7.05 +/- 0.03, 7.34 +/- 0.06, respectively, among them it was highest in B group. The positive rate of bacteria in D group was highest (22.4%), and lowest in C group (4.0%). Pain was lightest in C group (score was 0.98 +/- 0.12), and most serious in B group (score was 8.14 +/- 0.82). The shortest wound healing time was seen in C group (6.7 +/- 0.8 d), and longest in D group (15.6 +/- 3.5 d).

CONCLUSIONSApplication of various dressings on similar wounds can produce different wound microenvironment, which is closely related to wound healing time. Compared with pH value, humidity is the more important factor for wound healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bandages ; Burns ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

AIMTo determine the role of area postrema (AP) of rabbit in the regulation of cardiovascular function.

METHODSThe rabbits were anesthetized with intravenous injection of 10% urethane and 1% chloralose, and were artificially ventilated. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed when AP was electrically stimulated with different frequency (10 Hz -80 Hz) and after chemical lesion of CVLM or RVLM, respectively.

RESULTSElectrical stimulation of AP with low frequency (10 Hz, 20 Hz) decreased MAP and HR. Stimulation with high frequency(60 Hz, 80 Hz) increased MAP but decreased HR. The changes in MAP and HR were significantly lower (P < 0.01) after CVLM was destroyed when electrical stimulation of AP with 20 Hz, and both changes of MAP and HR were disappeared (P < 0.01) after RVLM was destroyed when electrical stimulation with 20 and 80 Hz.

CONCLUSIONElectrical stimulation of AP with low frequency decreases MAP and HR, stimulation with high frequency induces an increase in MAP and decreases in HR. The former is probably related to excitation of CVLM, the cardiovascular effects induced by different frequency of electrical stimulation are all resulted from the activation of RVLM.

Animals ; Area Postrema ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Blood Pressure ; radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation ; Heart Rate ; radiation effects ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Rabbits

AIMTo investigate the cardiovascular response caused by intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and explore the underlying mechanism.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal urethane( 1.2 g/ kg). The changes of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed during ICV microinjection of IL-2 with or without pretreatment of naloxone or atropine or phentolamine.

RESULTSThere were no significant effects on cardiovascular response after ICV injection of IL-2 at 500 IU/3 microl and 1 000 IU/3 microl, but IL-2 at 1 500 IU/3 microl could elevate MAP and HR. The responses of MAP and HR reached their maximum levels at 10 min (MAP: 10 +/- 1.8 mmHg, HR: 25 +/- 2 b/min, P < 0.05) after the injection and lasted 15 or 10 minutes respectively. Pretreatment with naloxone (10 microg/10 microl) or atropine (1.5 microg/10 microl) could block the cardiovascular response of ICV injection of IL-2. Pretreatment with phentolamine (10 microg/10 microl) failed to block the cardiovascular responses by IL-2.

CONCLUSIONICV microinjection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can elevate the MAP and HR, which may be mediated by central opioid and cholinergic system. The alpha-adrenergic system may be not involved in the cardiovascular response of IL-2.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Interleukin-2 ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Microinjections ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the national surveillance results and learn the current situation of iodized salt consumption at household level in 2008, and to find out the remaining problems and to provide scientific basis for developing control strategies against iedine deficiency disorders. Methods In 2008, in accordance with the requirements of the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program (Trial)", the surveillance was conducted at county level in 31 provinces and at division level in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. In each county 9 townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east, west, south, north and center;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;8 households were randomly selected in each chosen village. In every county with 9 or less townships, 1 township was randomly selected respectively in the east, west, south,north and center sub-areas;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;15 households were randomly selected in each chosen village. Edible salt from these households was collected. Iodized salt coverage rate, proportion of qualified iodized salt and consumption rate of the qualified iodized salt of the households in each province were counted and analyzed. Iodized salt was determined by direct titration;the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt were detected by arbitration. Results Totally 2817 counties (districts, cities, banners) and 14 divisions of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps reported the monitoring results, monitoring coverage reached 99.96%(2831/2832). Mean of iodine content was 31.51 mg/kg.Sixteen provinces had a variation coefficient of iodine content for more than 20%. A total of 826 968 households were tested of their edible salt, in which iodized salt 798 725 copies, non-iodized salt 28 243 copies, and unqualified iodized salt 20 270 copies. Weighted by population,at national level, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 97.48%, qualified rate of iodized salt 97.16%, and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.79%.Twenty seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had a qualified iodized salt coverage rate of above or equal 90.00%. Tibet, Hainan, Xinjiang and Tianjin provinces (regions) had a qualified iodized salt coverage rate lower than 90.00%. Further, 2487 counties had the rate high or equal 90.00% accounting for 87.82% (2487/2831) of complementing monitoring counties. One hundred and four counties and 1 division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps had the coverage rate of iodized salt below 80.00%. Conclusions Sixteen provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) have relatively a high degree of variation coefficient in salt iodine content. The quality of iodized salt needs to be improved. The coverage rate of iodized salt and the qualified iodized salt at national level are both above or equal 90.00%. However, the non-iodized salt problem is still serious and have a relatively lower coverage of iodized salt in Tibet, Hainan and Xinjiang.

Objective To understand the current level of iodized salt coverage in areas with intensified monitoring measure in China in 2008. Methods In accordance with the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Surveillance Program (Trial)" of Ministry of Health issued in 2007, the selected key counties (cities, districts and banner) were divided into 5 sub-areas, 1 non-iodine townships(towns, street offices) was sampled randomly in each sub-area, 4 administrative villages (neighborhood committees) were sampled from each selected township;15households salt samples in each selected village were randomly collected. All salt samples were detected by semiquantitative kit at first. The salt samples that can not be determined by the kit were tested by direct titration and the arbitration act (GB/T 13025.7-1999) detection. Iodized salt determination criteria: reagent color change in semiquantitative test kit or iodine content ≥ 5 mg/kg were identified as iodized salt. Otherwise, the salt samples were identified as non-iodized salt. Results All the provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) except Tibet in China had conducted a specific survey on iodized salt coverage in non-iodized salt high-risk areas, which revealed that the national coverage rate of iodized salt was 93.01%(130 928/140 770). At the provincial level, twenty provinces and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp had a iodized salt coverage over 90%, while the other six provinces (Beijing, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Fujian, Tianjin and Jiangxi) between 80% - ＜ 90% and the rest four provinces,such as Guangxi, Qinghai, Guangdong and Hainan, lower than 80%. At the county level, 64.57%(277/429) of all the surveillance counties had a iodized salt coverage over 95% while 10.02%(43/429) lower than 80%. Among all the six types of areas where specific survey were conducted, areas with incomplete iodized salt distribution network and areas with crude salt production had a iodized salt coverage lower than 90%, 81.74%(4978/6090) and 86.53%(17 098/19 759), respectively. In raw salt production area, there were 10 out of 21 provinces with iodized salt coverage rate below 90%, it consisted of 47.6%(10/21) of the total monitoring provinces in the same type areas.There were 8 out of 16 provinces with iodized salt coverage rate lower than 90% in the areas with faultiness iodized salt network, it consisted of 50.0%(8/16) of the sampling provinces in the same type area. Conclusions Most provinces(21) in China have a relatively high iodized salt coverage at household level during this specific survey.Areas with incomplete iodized salt distribution network and crude salt production are the most affected areas by noniodized salt. Aiming at the high-risk non-iodized salt areas discovered during this survey, corresponding intervention measures should be implemented with joint efforts from sectors concerned.

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and make genetic diagnosis in the patients with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7).Methods Pedigree analysis and clinical examination were performed in one family with SCA7 by clinical findings,of which retinal morphology and visual electrophysiology were available on part numbers.The polymorphic cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeats in the encode region of SCA7 gene were detected by combining polymerase chain reaction with deoxyribonucleic acide (DNA) sequencing on 19 familial numbers and 12 controls.Results 6 patients were identified,who manifesting cerebellar ataxia,decreased visual acuity and colour vision defect,as was pigmentary retinopathy on fundoscopy;The 6 patients had not only extinction of the electroretinogram (ERG) but also remarkably reduced amplitudes of oscillatory potentials and flash-visual evoked potentials. On normal alleles CAG repeat size ranges from 8 to 25 repeats,wherease on mutated alleles of the 6 numbers it ranges from 50 to 97 repeats.The 6 numbers were diagnosised as SCA7 patients.One asymptomatic individual of this family,who displayed a normal allele with 18 CAG repeats and another containing abnormal expantion of 56 repeats,was diagnosised as a asymptomatic carrier whose age maybe still below the age of onset.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of SCA7 are heterogeneous,and the detection of CAG repeats can provide an effective way for the gene diagnosis and the prediction of asymptomatic patients.