Objective To investigate the arteries supplying the temporalis. Methods Ten cadavers were examined after embalming with a fluid containing 10% formaldehyde. For detailed examination of the supplying arteries of the temporalis, a mixture of latex and barium sulfate in a ratio of 1∶1 was injected into both carotid arteries of 10 fresh cadavers. The skin and soft tissue were removed from the temporal and lateral regions of the head, and the superficial temporal artery was dissected. As soon as the origin of the medial temporal artery was identified, the zygomatic arch was cut and lifted. The maxillary artery with its branches of the infratemporal region was carefully dissected. After identification of all vessels of the infratemporal region, the temporalis was removed, and then radiographic examination of the injected arteries was performed using 2.5 mA and 40 kV. The injected arteries were clearly identified on the radiographic images, and the area supplied by each artery was determined. Planimetric evaluation of these areas was performed. Results In all specimens, three arteries supplying the temporalis were identified: the anterior deep temporal artery that supplied the anterior part between 11 % and 25% of the temporalis with a mean of 17%, the posterior deep temporal artery that supplied the central part of 27% to 50% of the lateral aspect of the temporalis, with a mean of 38% and a branch of the superficial temporal artery, the medial temporal artery, which supplied the posterior part and in 25% the posterior and the upper part of the temporalis, resulting in 30% to 58% of the muscle's lateral aspect, with a mean of 45%. Conclusion According to a detailed description of the arterial supply of the temporalis, two different pedicled flaps using the anterior or central part of the temporalis can be selectively used for reconstructive surgery.

We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor (TIC) vs.clopidogrel (CLO) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).In Jun 2016,a literature search was started and all the studies were conducted from 2010 to 2015.We systematically searched the literature through the MEDLINE database,Cochrane library,and EMBASE database.Quality assessments were evaluated with Jadad quality scale.Data were extracted considering the characteristics of efficacy and safety designs.Six RCTs enrolling 26 244 participants and satisfying the inclusion criteria were finally analyzed.There was a significant decrease of all-cause mortality (MD=0.83,95％CI=0.74-0.93,P=0.001) and myocardial infarction (MI) (MD=0.78,95％CI=0.70~.88,P=0.000).There were no significant differences in stroke (MD=1.34,95％CI=0.99-1.79,P=0.06),total bleeding (MD=0.97,95％CI=0.84-1.12,P=0.66),minor or major bleeding (MD=l.06,95％CI=0.94-1.19,P=0.35) in patients undergoing PCI after treatment with TIC vs.CLO.TIC could be more significant in decreasing all-cause mortality and MI than CLO,but there were no significant differences between TIC and CLO in inhibiting stroke,major bleeding,major or minor bleeding in patients undergoing PCI.

Objective To identify genes differentially expressed in the window of implantation and explore the molecular basis of the development of endometrial receptivity.Methods A subtracted cDNA library of the window of implantation was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) method.The screened clones of the subtracted library were sequenced and GenBank homology search was performed.The differential expression of ribosomal protein(RP)L7,RPL7 pseudogene(RPL7p),RPL19 and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta polypeptide(YWHAZ) were further confirmed by RT-PCR.Results After sequencing and GenBank homology search of 50 clones, 35 differentially expressed genes were detected in the window of implantation,of which 23 were known genes,and 12 were unknown genes.Some of the known genes have been proved to be associated with implantation,while others were firstly screened out by us.The results of RT-PCR confirmed that RPL7, RPL7p,RPL19 and YWHAZ were highly expressed in the window of implantation,0.75?0.21,1.72? 0.30,1.23?0.31,and 1.28?0.08,respectively.Conclusions SSH is a useful technique to detect differential expression genes and an effective method to clone novel genes.It provides a new method to investigate the molecular basis of the development of endometrial receptivity.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious chronic disease with high incidence, poor prognosis, and a variety of complications. Indoxyl-sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (PCS) are two typical gut-derived uremic toxins, which are produced by the co-metabolism of intestinal microbes and the host. With the progression of CKD, gut-derived uremic toxins such as IS and PCS accumulate in patients with CKD and thereafter accelerate the progression of CKD. Gut microbiota is closely related with CKD, and targeting gut microbiota to regulate gut-derived uremic toxins synthesis and metabolic pathways may be a promising strategy to delay the progression of CKD. In this paper, the relationship between gut microbiota, gut-derived uremic toxins, and CKD was analyzed, and the strategy to delay the progression of CKD by targeting gut microbiota and uremic toxins metabolism pathway was proposed.

Objective To investigate the pathological features and differential diagnosis of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney(MESTK). Methods Three patients with MESTK were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry,and related literatures were reviewed. Results In the three patients,two were females and one was male,with the mean age of 20 years old.Examined grossly,the tumors were well circumscribed and typically composed of multiple cysts and solid areas.Microscopically,the tumors were composed of epithelial and spindle cells,both of the which were well differentiated with no atypia and mitosis of the nuclei.The immunohistochemical staining showed positive for the cytokeratin in the epithelial cells,and Vimentin,SMA,actin,PgR or ER and WT-1 in the spindle cells.No tumor recurrence and metastasis was found in all the three patients by 25 to 29 months of follow up. ConclusionMESTK is an uncommon mixed renal neoplasm with a favorable prognosis.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is defined as the electron reduction product of oxygen with high reactivity which can maintain normal physiological functions and redox homeostasis. The tumor microenvironment is in a state of oxidative stress. ROS can affect multiple processes of tumor immune response by modulating the phenotype and functions of tumor cells and immune cells. With the rapid development of immunology, ROS-based tumor immunomodulation has been widely concerned and studied. In this review, the mechanism of ROS participating in tumor immune response is elaborated. Meanwhile, the research process and application of ROS in tumor immunomodulation in recent years are reviewed and analyzed.

To analyze the regularity in combined medication with Xiyanping injection (Xiyanping for short) in the real world by as- sociation rules. Totally 5 822 patients using Xiyanping injection was collected from the 18 Class III Grade I hospitals nationwide to study the combined medication information of the patient with lung infection and make the analysis by using association rules and Apriori. According to the results, major drugs combined with Xiyanping in treatment of lung infection included compound amino acid, inosine, coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, vitamin C. Common drugs combined with Xiyanping can be divided into 5 categories: nutrition support therapy (vitamin C, compound amino acid) , coenzymes (coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, inosine), expectorants and antiasthmatics (ambroxol, salbutamol, doxofylline), hormones (dexamethasone, budesonide), antibiotics (mainly cefminox). The main combined medicines mostly conformed to the regularity for drugs treating lung infection. In addition, there were two most common medical combination models: the model for Xiyanping combined a single medicine is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy, while the model for Xiyanping combined two or more than two medicines is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy + coenzyme. Pharmacologically, Xiyanping is mostly combined with western medicines with similar pharmacological effects to substitute or supplement the antibiotic effect in treating lung infection. However, further studies shall be conducted for the safety and rationality of the combined medication based on clinical practices, in order to provide reference for clinical medication.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Cephamycins ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

AIM: To investigate whether glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) regulates apoptosis-related gene bcl-2 expression via MEK/ERK signaling pathway , thus enhancing drug resistance of K 562/A02 human leukemia multidrug resistant cell line.METHODS:siRNA targeting GCS was transfected into K562/A02 cells.Bcl-2, p-ERK and total ERK expression at mRNA and protein levels after GCS knockdown were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting .After exposed to MEK-ERK pathway inhibitor U0126, the expression of Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels also was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting , respectively.The viability of the cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.RESULTS:The expression of GCS and Bcl-2, as well as MEK/ERK signaling were significantly inhibited in K 562/A02 cells by GCS siRNA transfection compared with negative control group .Inactivation of MEK/ERK signaling due to U0126 treatment de-creased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner , and sensitized K562/A02 cells to adriamy-cin.CONCLUSION:GCS may affect the expression of apoptosis-related gene bcl-2 by MEK/ERK signaling pathway , thus regulating multidrug resistance of human leukemia K 562/A02 cells.

Objective To assess the harvest method and application value of free-style anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) in oral-maxillofacial reconstruction.Methods Fifty-three patients who suffered from oral and maxillofacial tumor underwent simultaneous reconstruction using free-style ALTPFs after radical resection from August,2013 to May,2014.Perforators of the ALTPF region were marked through hand-held Doppler probe preoperatively.Flaps were designed centered on perforators according to the defect size of the accepting site.Incisions were first made at the inner border of the designed flap.Perforators were exposed above the fascia lata femoris and then dissected retrogradely through the vastus lateralis muscle to harvest a vascular pedicle with desired caliber and length.Flap thinning was applied under microscope in some cases to compromise the need of the accepting site.Results All 53 flaps survived after transplantation while skin exfoliation occurred in 5 cases due to flap thinning.Four cases sustained partial necrosis and was cured by trimming and dressing changes.Five to 14 months' post-operative followup showed satisfactory accepting-site morphology with good speech function and swallowing recovery.All donor sites were closed primarily without skin-grafting,leaving no donor-site complications including incision disruption,scar hyperplasia and muscle strength degeneration of the lower limb.Conclusion Multiple perforators have been accu rately located preoperatively in free-style harvest approach of ALTPFs,thus optimal effects can be reached with decreased donor-site morbidity and improved aesthetic outcome to the uttermost,which accords with the refined,personalized and minimal invasive development concept of modem reconstructive surgery.

Objective To compare the efficiency of oscillation with sonication in preparing nano-scale microbubbles (NBs).Methods Nano-scale microbubbles were prepared using oscillation and sonication respectively,and then compared the NBs' size,size distribution,concentrations and time-consumption of the two methods.Results The sizes of nanobubbles prepared by sonication and oscillation were (373.88 ±18.43)nm and (360.74 ± 14.39)nm,respectively.There was no significant difference in size between the two methods (P =0.523).The polidispersity was larger in sonication before centrifugation,there was significant difference between the two methods (P ＜0.001).The concentration of nanobubbles prepared by oscillation was (1.48 ± 0.15) × 1010,which was higher than that by oscillation [(8.07 ± 0.62) × 108],there was significant difference between the two methods (P ＜ 0.001).The consuming time was shorter in oscillation,the difference was significant when compared with sonication (P ＜0.001).Conclusions Both two methods can successfully prepare NBs.Compared with sonication,oscillation can effectively produce NBs with smaller polidispersity,higher concentration and shorter time-consumption.