In order to determine the challenge dose of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain). The virus titer of PPMV-1 E5 allantoic fluid (Chuansha strain) was determined using SPF chicken embryos in this research. After inoculating 30-day-old and 120-day-old pigeons with low-HI antibody against PPMV-1 (HI antibody < or =2) with different doses of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain), the clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions of the challenged pigeons were examined. The results showed that the minimal lethal dose (MLD) of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain) was 102.5 ELD50, so we determined that 10(5.5) ELD50, which was 1000 times the MLD, could be taken as the challenge dose in the vaccine efficacy test for PPMV-1 inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain).
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Bird Diseases ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Chick Embryo ; Columbidae ; immunology ; virology ; Newcastle Disease ; immunology ; mortality ; virology ; Newcastle disease virus ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology ; Virulence

The gene encoding the phosphatidylserine synthase in Escherichia coli K12 Sgal-(ExPASy P23830) was amplified by PCR. After DNA sequence analysis, it was inserted into the inducible expressive shuttle vector pBES of Bacillus subtilis, which was constructed in the lab, and the recombinant plasmid pBES-pss was transformed into competent cells of the Bacillus subtilis strain DB104. The positive transformant DB104 (pBES-pss) was grown on Bacillus subtilis common fermentation medium, which contained 30?g/ml kanamycin. After 2 hours cultivation, sucrose was added and increased to the final concentration of 2% for induction and this phosphatidylserine synthase was secreted into the medium. The result of SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of the protein was 52kDa and the result of enzyme coupling colorimetric method showed that the enzyme activity was 1.50U/ml. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis has increased the yield of phosphatidylserine synthase which will be used for industrial biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine.

A bacterium strain BFHM2002 is isolated from Lake Donghu, Wuhan. BFHM2002 has advantages that it can produce melanin with a high rate and high yield in the absence of tyrosine. Induced by tyrosine, melanin yield can be dramatically increased. BFHM2002 may be identified as a new strain in Bacillus firmus, for melanin-production.

OBJECTIVETo compare the ability of osthole (OST) and genistein (GEN) in enhancing bone peak bone mass of rats to prevent osteoporosis.

METHODSThirty-six female one-month-old SD rats of (125 +/- 3) g body weight were randomly divided into three groups, 12 rats in each group, one group was orally administered osthole at 9 mg x kg(-1) d(-1), one group was given genistein at 10 mg x kg(-1) d(-1) and another was given equal quantity of distilled water as the control. The body weight was monitored weekly and the bone mineral density (BMD) of total body was measured every month. All rats were sacrificed after three months, the femoral bone mineral density, the serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and anti-tartaric acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) were measured by Elisa. The bone microarchitectures were analyzed with micro-CT and the bone biomechanics properties were tested with universal material machine.

RESULTSNo significant differences were observed between O-treated or GEN group and the control for the food-intake and body weight during three months. However, the rats treated with OST had significant higher BMD for both total body and femur than the control and GEN group. The O-treated rats also had higher level of serum OC and lower level of TRACP 5b. Besides, they owned bigger bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number but smaller trabecular spacing. In the three point bending tests of femurs,they were found to have larger maximum load, the young's modulus and structural model index (SMI).

CONCLUSIONOrally administered osthole could efficiently increase the peak bone mass of rats,which provide new ideas for preventing osteoporosis.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; pathology ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Huanglian Wendan Decoction for treatment of tic disorder (TD) children with syndrome of wind stirring due to phlegm-heat; To detect its effects on peripheral-blood miR-429 expression. Methods Eighty cases of TD children were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,with 40 cases in each group.In the treatment group,children were treated with modified Huanglian Wendan Decoction, one dosage a day, twice a day, orally. In the control group, TD children were treated with haloperidol, 0.03 mg/(kg?d), orally, according to the symptom to adjust dose, and the maximum amount did not exceed 0.08 mg/(kg?d). 30 d was a treatment course for both groups. The treatment lasted for three courses. Before and after 3 months of clinical observation, the severity of disease was evaluated by TCM syndrome and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) score. Clinical efficacy and TCM syndrome efficacy were evaluated; the level of miR-429 in peripheral blood was detected; the adverse reactions were observed. Results The total effective rate of clinical efficacy was 82.5% (33/40) in treatment group and 80.0% (32/40) in the control group, without statistical significance (P>0.05); The total effective rate of TCM syndrome efficacy was 92.5% (37/40) in treatment group and 75.0% (30/40) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the YGTSS score and TCM syndrome score significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.01), and the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was much lower than the control group after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, miR-429 level in both groups increased obviously after treatment (P<0.01), and the miR-429 level in the treatment group was much higher than the control group after treatment (P<0.05). There were mild constipation (1 cases), diarrhea (2 cases), and anorexia (2 cases) in the treatment group, and obvious lethargy (3 cases) and dizziness (3 cases) in the control group. Conclusion Modified Huanglian Wendan Decoction shows obvious effects for treating TD, and can up-regulate miR-429 of peripheral-blood.

OBJECTIVEChild abuse and neglect (CNS) increasingly have become a serious problem in modern society all over the world. Children neglected and abused are at risk for maladaptation in behavioral, emotional, social, cognitive, and physical functioning. The purpose of this investigation was to develop the Child Neglect Scale for children aged 3 - 6 years in Chinese urban areas and to test the reliability and validity of this norm.

METHODSAccording to the principle and procedure of developing scales, a child neglect questionnaire was designed. Multistage sampling was used in the study in accordance with sex, age, the levels of economy and kindergartens, a random sample of 1,465 children aged 2 - 6 years was selected from 25 cities. Of the 1,465 subjects who completed the Child Neglect Questionnaires again 2 weeks later, 66 had completed data on each of the two occasions. The Child Neglect Questionnaires were completed by parents and caregivers. The data were analyzed using items analysis, factor analysis, internal consistency analysis and the reliability and validity of the norm were tested. The factor structure of the Child Neglect Scale was determined using an oblique rotation. The internal consistency was reflected in Cronbach's alpha. Since no existing categorization scheme on child neglect could be found in the literature, one was formulated in an attempt to efficiently and meaningfully group similar types of caregiver behaviors. The initial pool of potentially neglecting caregiver behaviors was drawn from literature. The most common patterns of parental behaviors were grouped according to six neglect subscale schemes found in the literature, with modifications made to increase item specificity and reduce overlap. The initial Child Neglect Questionnaire contained a 25-item physical neglect subscale, a 59-item emotional neglect subscale, a 23-item educational neglect subscale, a 20-item safety neglect subscale, a 10-item medical neglect subscale, a 9-item social neglect subscale.

RESULTSCompleted Child Neglect Questionnaires were obtained from 1,457 subjects, 726 males and 731 females. The overall findings of this study came from 1,163 subjects, because children aged 2 years (294 subjects) were removed from subjects by statistical method. The 91-item Child Neglect Scale was presented to the respondent as a child neglect questionnaire with a 9-item social neglect subscale and some items in other subscales were removed from the initial questionnaire by using statistical method. The questionnaire contained 17 physical neglect items, 40 emotional neglect items, 17 educational neglect items, a 10 safety neglect items, and 7 medical neglect items. The internal consistency of the overall Child Neglect Scale as reflected in Cronbach's alpha was 0.94, the split-half reliability was 0.88, the test-retest reliability was 0.92. For physical, emotional, educational, safety, medical neglect subscale, Cronbach's alpha, respectively was 0.80, 0.88, 0.84, 0.68, 0.60, the split-half reliability was 0.54 - 0.88, the test reliability was 0.89, 0.94, 0.87, 0.80, 0.77, respectively. The construct validity, face validity and exterior validity of the norm were good. For physical, emotional, educational, safety, medical neglect subscale and overall child neglect scale, the scores of percentiles 90 were used as cut-point. They were 35, 80, 40, 20, 15, 190, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe norm was consistent with China's economic-cultural background and reality. It not only may be used for research purpose but also may be useful in assessing parent's and child-oriented individual's behaviors and attitude as a measuring instrument.

Child ; Child Abuse ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parenting ; Parents ; psychology ; Social Class ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo discuss surgical procedures and curative effect of ankylosing spondylitis with cervical spine fracture.

METHODSFrom January 2003 to October 2011, 8 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with cervical spine fracture were respectively treated by surgical treatment (7 cases) and conservative treatment (1 case), 8 cases were male with an average of age 41 years old (ranged, 27 to 49). All patients were confirmed by CT and MRI,and 6 cases combined with spinal cord injury. One case was treated with skull-neck-thorax model, 7 cases were treated by surgery. The procedures included anterior approach (5 cases), posterior approach (1 case), and combined anteroposterior approach (1 case). Fracture fusion condition were evaluated according to CT at the final following up, improvement of spinal cord injury were assessed according to Frankel classification.

RESULTSEight patients were followed up from 4 to 38 months with an average of 34 months. Seven cases obtained bone healing, 3 patients without spinal cord injury remained intact after operation, 5 patients with spinal cord injury improved at different degree after operation. Frankel classification of 7 patients were improved 1 degree, and 1 case delayed union for following up.

CONCLUSIONAnkylosing spondylitis with cervical spine fracture is a special kind of trauma, which have a high rate of neurological deficits. Surgery should be performed as early as possible, and procedures were chosen depending on particular case.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the image quality of prostate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS),and to put forward quality control measures to improve MRS in success ratio and image quality.Methods Totally 1 255 patients with prostate diseases confirmed pathologically from October 2009 to December 2015 had their MRS data analyzed retrospectively.MRS was executed with multi-voxel 3D chemical shift imaging technique,and special-purpose software was involved in for post processing.Re-scanning would be performed in case of baseline clutter,low SNR and etc.Results There were 1 218 patients had MRS executed well in preparedness,positioning,parameters setup,post processing,baseline and chemical shift,one patient underwent unsuccessful MRS due to incorrect bed mode,9 ones due to unstable baseline resulting from unsatisfactory preparedness,26 ones due to unstable baseline resulting from bad shimming and 1 case due to non-standard post processing.Conclusion Prostate SRS depends on patient preparedness,positioning,parameters setup,shimming and post processing.

The complete genomic sequence of Duck hepatitis virus 1 (DHV-1) ZJ-V isolate was sequenced and determined to be 7 691 nucleotides (nt) in length with a 5'-terminal un-translated region (UTR) of 626 nt and a 3'-terminal UTR of 315 nt (not including the poly(A) tail). One large open reading frame (ORF) was found within the genome (nt 627 to 7 373) coding for a polypeptide of 2 249amino acids. Our data also showed that the poly (A) tail of DHV-1 has at least 22 A's. Sequence comparison revealed significant homology (from 91.9% to 95.7%) between the protein sequences of the virus in the Picornaviridae family, its genome showed some unique characteristics. DHV-1 contains 3copies of the 2A gene and only 1 copy of the 3B gene, and its 3'-NCR is longer than those of other picornaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis to do sequence homology based on the VP1 protein sequences showed that the ZJ-V isolate shares high sequence homology with the reported DHV-1 isolates (from 92.9% to 99.2%), indicating that DHV-1 is genetically stable.

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of insulin on paraquat-induced PC12 cells. Methods Based on the Part (insulin can protect the paraquat-induced PC12 cells), immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were employed to observe the protein expressions of INR Tyr~(1162/1163) and AktSer~(473) in the group of normal PC12 cells, group of insulin interfered PC12 cells, group of PQ-induced PC12 cells and group of PQ combined with insulin interfered PC12 cells, respectively. Results Group of insulin interfered PCI2 cells and group of PQ combined with insulin interfered PC12 cells showed expression of phosphorylation protein INR Tyr~(1162/1163), while the other groups without insulin intervention did not show the expression of that. The expression of phosphorylation protein INR Tyr~(1162/1163) in the group of insulin interfered PC12 cells was higher than that in the group of PQ combined with insulin interfered PC12 cells, but statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of phosphorylation protein AktSer~(473) in the group of insulin interfered PC 12 cells was obviously higher than that in the group of PQ combined with insulin interfered PC12 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion The increased expression of phosphorylation protein INR Tyr~(1162/1163) and AktSer~(473) might be one of the clues in proving that insulin may have the protective effect on PC12 cells.