Anaerobic bacteria are responsible for many cases of infection,but anaerobic bacteria are not detected in most of clinical labs in China yet.It is very important to intensify the test for anaerobic bacteria in clinical laboratory.Attention to detection for anaerobic bacteria should be paid.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells derived from bone marrows, which can not only support hematopoiesis, but also have capabilities of multidifferentiation, high-proliferation and self-renewing. They have become one of hotspots in stem cell studies. Studies on in vitro intervention with BMSCs with TCMs have made remarkable progress in recent years. According to the findings, some traditional Chinese medicines can promote proliferation of BMSCs, some can inhibit the apoptosis of BMSCs, while others can induce BMSCs to differentiate into multiple cell types, such as osteoblast. Furthermore, some studies also involved relevant action mechanisms. The authors summarized the advance in relevant studies by reference to relevant literatures of this field.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

AIM:To observe the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF- α) and its receptor I ( P55 ) in different pterygium and discuss the role of TNF-α and receptor I (P55) in pterygium.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistical staining method ( PV) was adopted to detect the expression of TNF-α and receptor I in pterygium ( 72 eyes ) and para-pterygium conjunctival tissue ( 30 eyes ) . The relationship between the expression and clinical-pathological parameters was also analyzed.
RESULTS:The positive rates of TNF-αwere 65. 3% (47/72), 26. 7% (8/30) in pterygium and para-pterygium conjunctival tissue. The positive expression of TNF-α had statistic difference between the two groups (χ2=12. 706, P<0. 01). The positive rates of TNF-α receptor I were 56. 9% (41/72), 16. 7% (5/30) in pterygium and para-pterygium conjunctival tissue. The positive expression of P55 had statistic difference between the two groups (χ2=13. 875, P<0. 01). The positive rate of TNF-αin recurrent pterygium group was higher than primary pterygium group (χ2=6. 547, P=0. 011). There had no statistically significance of the expression intensity between the two groups (F=1. 288, P=0. 393); the positive rate in advanced pterygium group was higher than quiescent pterygium group (χ2=4. 082, P=0. 043). The expression intensity had no statistically significance between the two groups (F=0. 489, P=0. 708). The positive rate of P55 in recurrent pterygium group was higher than primary pterygium group (χ2 =9. 907, P= 0. 002). There had no statistically significance of the two group's expression intensity ( F = 1. 175, P = 0. 424 ); the positive rate in advanced pterygium group was higher than in quiescent pterygium group (χ2=11. 140, P=0. 001). The expression intensity had no statistically significance between the two groups (F=0. 665, P=0. 621).
CONCLUSION:The expression of TNF-α and P55 are changing according to the development of clinical staging and onset. The expression of TNF-α and P55 may be related to clinical classification, staging and patient's working conditions of pterygium. There has no significant difference expression intensity of TNF - α and P55 in clinical staging and onset of pterygium.

group Nor(P0.05).Conclusions The changes of ambulatory pulse pressure can reflect the degree of EH.The obvious increase of PP and decrease of DBP maybe are the exclusive features of ABPM in EH patients with target organs damage.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare conjugate of low molecular weight chitosan(LMWC) with glycyrrhizin (GL) and investigate its cellular uptake by proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). METHODS: Glycyrrhizin-LMWC (GL-LMWC) conjugate was synthesized by the reaction between the amino group of LMWC and the active ester group of GL. Drug release was studied in phosphate buffer (pH 4.0) containing papain. The uptake of the conjugate by HK-2 cells and its intracellular distribution was studied with laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS: The chemical structure of GL-LMWC conjugate was confirmed by IR and H-NMR. The GL grafting rate was determined to be 29.3%. The drug liberation from the conjugates was significantly accelerated in the presence of papain, which confirmed the capability of the conjugate to degrade in lysosomes. The conjugate could be internalized by HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION: The GL-LMWC conjugate with well-defined structure is successfully synthesized and exhibitts high cellular uptake efficiency. The conjugate has the potential to retaing GL in the kidney for a prolonged duration and to sustain its release locally for better efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the tongue manifestation features of sexually transmitted and intravenous drug use spread HIV infected population in Xinjiang.

METHODSRecruited were 990 HIV infected subjects in Xinjiang from May 2011 to March 2012, who were assigned to the intravenous drug use spread HIV infected (498 cases) and the sexually transmitted (492 cases). By using tongue figure shoot combined with analyses of experts, tongue manifestations were analyzed and compared between the sexually transmitted and the intravenous drug use spread from four aspects, i.e., the tongue color, the tongue shape, the fur color, and the fur property.

RESULTSCompared with the sexually transmitted population, red tongue, fissured tongue, yellow fur, thick fur, eroded fur, deficiency of fur fluid were more often seen, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the intravenous drug use spread population, pale tongue, white fur, and thin fur were more often seen, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe tongue manifestations of the intravenous drug use spread HIV population reflected inner exuberance of evil toxin and heat impairing qi and yin. Compared with the intravenous drug use spread population, the attack of HIV infection was more hiding in the sexually transmitted population, with milder internal injury. Their Wei-qi was not damaged and no obvious change occurred in the tongue figure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; complications ; diagnosis ; Tongue ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the ability of osthole (OST) and genistein (GEN) in enhancing bone peak bone mass of rats to prevent osteoporosis.

METHODSThirty-six female one-month-old SD rats of (125 +/- 3) g body weight were randomly divided into three groups, 12 rats in each group, one group was orally administered osthole at 9 mg x kg(-1) d(-1), one group was given genistein at 10 mg x kg(-1) d(-1) and another was given equal quantity of distilled water as the control. The body weight was monitored weekly and the bone mineral density (BMD) of total body was measured every month. All rats were sacrificed after three months, the femoral bone mineral density, the serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and anti-tartaric acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) were measured by Elisa. The bone microarchitectures were analyzed with micro-CT and the bone biomechanics properties were tested with universal material machine.

RESULTSNo significant differences were observed between O-treated or GEN group and the control for the food-intake and body weight during three months. However, the rats treated with OST had significant higher BMD for both total body and femur than the control and GEN group. The O-treated rats also had higher level of serum OC and lower level of TRACP 5b. Besides, they owned bigger bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number but smaller trabecular spacing. In the three point bending tests of femurs,they were found to have larger maximum load, the young's modulus and structural model index (SMI).

CONCLUSIONOrally administered osthole could efficiently increase the peak bone mass of rats,which provide new ideas for preventing osteoporosis.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; drug effects ; pathology ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

OBJECTIVETo investigate the change of JNK and c-Jun in lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning of rats.

METHODS46 Rats were randomly divided into four groups: PQ group (n = 12), control group (n = 10), PQ + ZnPP group (n = 12) and PQ + Hm group (n = 12). The rats were injected with 2% PQ (25 mg/kg, ip) in PQ group. ZnPP and Hemin (10 mg/kg, 10 mg/ml) were injected through inguinal vein before intraperitoneal administration of 2% paraquat in PQ + ZnPP group and PQ + Hm group respectively. The rats were injected NS (1 ml/kg, ip) in control group. HE dyeing of lung tissue and MDA content of plasma were used for estimating the injury of lung tissue. The content of CO in the lung tissue was determined. The expression of HO-1 mRNA of the lung tissue was detected by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun was evaluated by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSThe degree of lung injury in PQ group and PQ + ZnPP group was higher than that in control group and PQ + Hm group. But in PQ + Hm group the degree of lung injury was lower. The content of MDA in PQ group and PQ + ZnPP group was higher than that in control group and PQ + Hm group (P < 0.01). The content of MDA in PQ + Hm group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The content of CO in lung tissue in PQ group, PQ + ZnPP group and PQ + Hm group was and (1.08 +/- 0.15 mg/L) respectively, and higher than that in control group (P < 0.01). The content of CO in lung tissue in PQ + Hm group was significantly higher than that in PQ + ZnPP group (P < 0.01). The expression of HO-1 and the phosphorylation of JNK (55.24 +/- 9.34, 38.15 +/- 10.71, 128.55 +/- 19.43) and c-Jun (23.16 +/- 4.85, 15.49 +/- 3.13, 44.89 +/- 10.37) were increased remarkably in PQ group, PQ + ZnPP group and PQ + Hm group. Those in PQ + Hm group were higher significantly than PQ group and PQ + ZnPP group (P < 0.01). Those in PQ + ZnPP group were lower than PQ group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe increase of CO of lung tissue in rats at the lung injury associated with paraquat poisoning reduces the acute lung injury of rats. The level of JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation increases obviously, especially after Hemin is utilized.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the feature of the microorganisms colonization of the thoracic catheter-related infection and evaluate the clinical significance of prophylactic antibiotics administration in patients with pneumothorax treated with closed thoracic drainage. Method A total of 120 patients with pneumothorax treated with closed thoracic dramage in emergency department wore enrolled. The patients were randomized (random number) into group A (n =60) and group B (n =60). In group A, the patients received levofloxacin mesylate injection and in group B, patients received physiological saline injection instead after closed thoracic drainage. The tip of catheter was cut off to get a 2-cm long segment after catheter removal and this segment was dipped into a bottle filled with liquid culture medium for microorganism culture. Statistical analysis carried out by using χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Results Of all 120 patients, microorganisms were found in 49 segments of catheter and 57 strains of microorganisms were found. The four most common microorganisms were Coagulase-negative staphylococci (57.9%), Candida albicans (10. 5%),Staphylococcus aureus (7%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (7%). All of them were highly drug-resistant to β-1actam antibiotics. The difference in the positive rate of microorganism culture was distinct in pneumothorax patients with underlying diseases (50%) in comparison to the patients without underlying diseases (31%) (P ＜ 0.05). The positive rate of microorganism culture increased significantly as the duration of drainage was longer than 14 days (P ＜ 0.01). The positive rate of culture in group A was lower than that in group B if the duration of drainage was less than 7 days (8.3% vs 52.9%, P ＜ 0.01). The positive rate of culture after drainage for 7 days was 21.4% in group A and 68.8% in group B (P ＜0.05), and that after drainage for over 14 days was 70% in both groups (P ＞ 0.05). There were no significant differences in outcome and days of hospital stay between two groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions The common colonized microorganisms of thoracic catheter-related infection are conditional pathogens and highly resistant to antibiotics. Lengthening the duration of drainage and having underlying diseases increase the risk of infection. Although prophylactic antibiotics administration is beneficial to decrease the risk of thoracic catheter-related infection, it has no effects on shortening hospital stay and outcome of disease.

Adolescent ; Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; surgery