Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Humans ; Quality Control

Biomarkers ; Heart Diseases ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; metabolism ; physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; physiology

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Placebos ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Single-Blind Method

Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Translational Medical Research ; Treatment Outcome

Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; standards

Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of aging.Identifying novel AD genetic risk factors is important for understanding its pathogenesis.Presenilin- 2 (PSEN2) is one of the causative genes for familial AD.Polymorphism of the promoter region of PSEN2 has recently been reported to be associated with sporadic AD in a Russian population.The purpose of this study was to determine whether AD is associated with the PSEN2 gene polymorphism in a case-control study.Methods We examined PSEN2 and ApoE genotypes of 160 patients with AD and an equal number of age- and sex-matched controls from the same community by using PCR-RFLP method.Statistical analyses included a Chi-square test for homogeneity and a Logistic regression analysis.Results Examination of PSEN2 genotypes revealed no statistically significant differences in the frequency of the+A/-A polymorphism when compared with the total sample of AD patients and control individuals (P=0.11). However,subgroup of ApoE 84 non-carriers suggested significant differences of the three genotypes of PSEN2 promoter between AD and controls (P=0.038).Logistic analyses indicated ApoE genotypes were related with AD,and after stratification by e4 allele,PSEN2 genotypes were related with AD of e4 non-carriers.In addition,there was no interaction between ApoE and PSEN2 gene.Conclusion The+A/-A polymorphism of PSEN2 promoter may be a minor genetic risk factor for sporadic AD,especially in the group of AD without ApoE ?4 allele.

Humans ; Patient Compliance ; Patient Participation ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; methods ; Treatment Refusal

Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; methods

Evidence-Based Medicine ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic