Objective To investigate the pathological features of rabbit' retina at the early stage of sunlight-induced injury.Methods Twenty New Zealand rabbits without any eye diseases were randomly allocated to 4 groups(5 each): animals in group A were fed under normal illumination environment,the animals in group B were fed under normal illumination environment and exposed to constant simulated sunlight,the animals in group C were fed under low illumination environment,and the animals in group D were fed under low illumination environment and exposed to constant simulated sunlight.The pathological changes in rabbits' retina were observed with light and transmission electron microscope.Results The structure of retina in group A and group C were histologically well-defined,uniform in staining,and with regular cell shape.In the animals in group B,vesiculation occurred in the ganglion cell layer,inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer,and some of the mitochondria showed swelling.The intramembranous structure of external segments became disorganized.In the animals in group D,vesiculation and swelling occurred in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer,with disruption of the cell membrane.Vesiculation and swelling were also found in the outer nuclear layer,with reduction in cell quantity.The structure was disorganized,with disorganized cell membrane,obvious swelling of mitochondria,disorganized intramembranous structure of external segments,and loss and vesiculation of the laminal structure.Conclusion The rabbit' retina will be injured when it is exposed to 30 000 lux constant simulated sunlight for 30 minutes.Rabbits fed in a low illumination environment and exposed to constant simulated sunlight may suffer severer injury than those fed in a normal environment and exposed to constant simulated sunlight.

Baculovirus DNA polymerase gene belongs to an early gene of baculovirus. It is a necessary gene required for replication of virus in insect cells. It can encode DNA polymerase induced by virus. In the process of replication, DNA polymerase can bind to homologous regions and non-homologous regions, which are believed to act as the origins of virus DNA replication with other replication factors. In addition, DNA polymerase has advantages over occlusion protein and egt gene for resolving deep branching taxonomic relationships of baculovirus phylogenies.

Objective:To explore the clinical signiifcance of the protection of superior petrosal vein (SPV) in the microneurosurgery for acoustic neuroma. Methods:From January 2009 to July 2011, 149 cases of acoustic neuroma microsurgery were observed. hTe difference in hematoma in surgical area, cerebellar hematoma and cerebellar edema were compared between a SPV without protection group (SPVWP group, n=8) and a SPV protection group (SPVP group, n=141). Results:In the 149 patients with acoustic neuroma, the SPV was reserved in 141 patients. In the SPVWP group (8 patients), hematoma in the surgery area occurred in 4 patients, cerebellar edema in 5, and cerebellar hemorrhage in 3. In the SPVP group (141 patients), hematoma in the surgery area occurred in 40 patients, cerebellar edema in 56, and cerebellar hemorrhage in 12. hTere was signiifcant difference in the incidence of cerebellar hemorrhage (χ2=3.84, P=0.05), no signiifcant difference in the incidence of hematoma in the surgical area (χ2=0.646, respectively, P=0.422), and no significant difference in the incidence of cerebellar edema (χ2=0.611, P=0.434) between the SPVWP group and the SPVP group. Conclusion:In acoustic neuroma surgery, the SPV should be protected, which may reduce the risk of cerebellar hemorrhage.

The research on clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a hot and difficult issue in the field of TCM. However, the overall level of current related research also needs to be improved. There are still a lot of academic controversies in the field of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation. The author believed that before conducting research, it is necessary to sort out core issues of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation, which in-clude the concept of TCM clinical efficacy and its evaluation. In recent years, Chinese scholars have conducted a series of studies on these issues and have some achievements. To think and answer these questions will play an important role for the ultimate resolution of problem of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation.

Through analyzing the current situation and coverage controversy of Chinese clinical trial insurance,this paper stated that the attending insurance rate in domestic clinical trials was entirely low.The sponsors,clinical trial institutions,investigators and insurance companies paid attention of different levels to clinical trial insurance.Therefore,the risk awareness of drug/medical device clinical trials should be enhanced.It is necessary to give impetus to clinical trial insurance system,during which all parties need to make a joint effort including government departments,ethics committees,sponsors,clinical trial institutions,investigators and insurance companies.

Objective To validate the effect of anti-infective reconstituted bone xenograft (ARBX) in treating posttraumatic osteomyelitis by one-stage grafting in the adults.Methods With clinical application approval of Medical Command,Logistics Ministry of PLA,ARBX was used to treat 27 adult patients (29 lesions) with posttraumatic osteomyelitis by one-stage grafting after debridement since September 2001.The study analyzed 27 patients (29 grafts) who were followed up for average 26 months (12-63 months).Results The follow-up for average 26 months (12-63 months) in 27 patients showed that infection of 22 patients (24 lesions) was controlled and cured,except for three with failure to control the infection or with recurrence of infection,two with controlled infection but with postoperative nonunion.The infection control rate was 89.7% (26/29) and the cure rate was 82.8% (24/29) ,which were better than the results of traditional therapy.Conclusions ARBX has high osteoinductive activity and enhanced anti-infective capability,which enables it to be used as one-stage grafting to treat posttraumatic osteomyelitis in the adults.

Objective To investigate the respective effects of highly concentrated amino acids, highly concentrated glucose and mixture of the above two on the proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis of glomerular mesangial cells. Methods Mesangial cells were cultured with mannitol (13.3 mmol/L ), highly concentrated amino acids (13.3 mmol/L), highly concentrated glucose (30.5 retool/L) and the mixture of highly concentrated amino acids and highly concentrated glucose repectively. Mesangial cell proliferation was examined by MTT and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1,ColⅣ and fibronectin (FN) was detected by semi- quantitative RT-PCR, and the protein expression was detected by ELISA, Western blot and radioimmunoassay. Results (1) Cellular proliferation was increased in response to amino acids and was further enhanced by increased levels of both amino acids and glucose in a time-depentent manner. And the most prominent action occured at 48 hours. (2) Among the three group, mesangial cell cycle was affected, and the number of G0/G1 mesangial cells was reduced, but the number of cycle S cells was improved. (3) In the three group, the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 was improved [protein unit: ng·ml-1·(105 cells)-1, 3023±85, 3163±80, 3321+85 vs 1506±63, P< 0.05]. (4)In the three group, the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅳ and FN was enhanced [protein unit: ng'ml-1(105 cells)-1, Col Ⅳ:16.78±2.56, 18.65±2.56, 22.83±2.45 vs 10.22±2.54, P<0.01; FN:18.47±2.34, 13.58±3.13, 17.98±2.56 vs 8.22±2.54, P<0.05]. The expression of Col Ⅳ mRNA and protein was stronger when the cells were cultured with the mixture of highly concentrated amino acids and highly concentrated glucose. Conclusions Highly concentrated amino acid can promote cell proliferation similarly to highly concentrated glucose, which may be through increasing the activity of mesangial cells and the synthesis of extracellular matrix via TGF- β1 signaling way. Highly concentrated amino acid has the synergism with highly concentrated glucose.

Objective To discuss the preservation and clinical significance of petrosal vein in microsurgical operation of acoustic neuroma. Methods 147 patients with acoustic neuroma were operated, with internal decompression of the tumor firstly then dissected the tumor with surrounding structures, the petrosal vein were protected well in 143 cases and failed to protect in 4 cases. Results No hemorrhagic infarction in cerebellar was observed in 143 cases with intact petrosal vein. One case occurred with extensive cerebellar edema, which has gait disturbance after 18 months follow-up. The other three cases occurred with vein infarction and hemorrhagic edema after petrosal vein damage. One was dead and the other two were recovered well after decompression of posterior cranial fossa. One has no significant neurological deficit after 33 months follow-up, while the other has difficulty in line walking after 12 months follow-up. Conclusion Petrosal vein should be well protected in the operation of acoustic neuroma, the decompression of posterior cranial fossa should be considered if petrosal vein failed to protect.

To reveal the effect of rotation cropping and bacterial manure on the growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium and screen the beneficial endophytic, the diversity of endophytic and dominant genera of different treatment groups were analyzed. Four different treatments were continuous cropping, rotation, self-made organic fertilizer and commercially available fertilizer, respectively. Endophytic bacterial diversity and dominant genera in different organs were examined using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results showed that enzyme Hae III was more appropriate than enzyme Hinfl because the number of TRFs digested by enzyme Hae III was more than that of enzyme Hinfl. In comparison of diversity, the endophytic bacterial communities' diversity index in group of cropping rotation and fertilizer was higher than that of continuous cropping which indicated that the addition of exogenous microorganism in soil could increase the diversity of plant endophyte. 18 dominant species were selected, including 3 kinds of Firmicutes, 4 kinds of Actinomycetes and 11 kinds of Proteobacteria. The results of dominant species comparison showed that the number of dominant species in continuous cropping of Ch. morifolium was significantly less than that of the rotation group. Some dominant bacteria in rotation group and fertilizer group such as Arthrobacter, Streptomyces, Streptomyces, Flavobacterium and Mycobacterium were not found in the continuous cropping of Ch. mortfolium group. Dominant species of fertilizer treatment group was similar with the rotation group, and the continuous cropping group's dominant species was more abundant. It indicates that these bacteria may be able to mitigate hindrance in continuous cropping, especially the Flavobacterium which can decompose the pathogenic fungi is worthy of further attention. Compared with leaves, there are more dominant species in roots and stems. The diversity of edophytic bacterial communities in continuous cropping of Ch. morifolium stays below than that in the rotation of Ch. morifolium, and fertilizer treatment can increase the diversity of continuous cropping so that it could mitigate hindrance in continuous cropping.
Actinobacteria ; physiology ; Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Chrysanthemum ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; Endophytes ; Fertilizers ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; physiology ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Proteobacteria ; physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; chemistry ; genetics ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Kangquan Recipe (KQR) on apoptosis regulatory genes bax and bcl-2 mRNA in prostate of rats.

METHODSBenign prostatic hyperplasia model rat was established by injecting testosterone after castration. The model rats were killed and prostate glands were removed for examination after being treated with administration of KQR by gastrogavage for 30 days. The wet weight of prostate was measured and the mRNA expressions of bax and bcl-2 in rats' tissue of abdominal lobe of prostate were determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, wet weight of prostate was lower significantly in the groups treated with different dosages of KQR (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and that in the high dose KQR treated group was similar to that in the normal group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expressions of bax mRNA and ratios of bax/bcl-2 were significantly higher and the expressions of bcl-2 mRNA significantly lower in the KQR treated groups (P < 0.01), and these indexes in the high dose KQR treated group were insignificantly different from those in the normal group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONKQR shows an obvious treatment effect on rats with benign prostatic hyperplasia, the mechanism might be through effectively regulating the expressions of bax mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA in prostatic tissue to accelerate the cell apoptosis of prostate in obvious dose-effect manner.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Prostate ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testosterone ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics