Objective To investigate clinical result of hepatectomy and porta-enterostomy in the treatment of Bismuth type Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Nine patients with Bismuth type Ⅳ hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent accurate hilar resection(portal parecnchyma resection including about Ⅰ cm of the hilar part of the segments 5 and 4b and caudate lobe beyond the tumor),and the biliary drainage was reconstructed by Roux-en-Y portal parecnchyma-jejunum lpop anastomosis.None of the biliary radicals had to be ligated and all of them were drained into thus constructed"biliary pool".Results Hilar resection was successfully performed in all cases,and there was no postoperative mortality.Aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase and serum bilirubin decreased evidently four weeks later.Three patients presented postoperative complications.One patient developed a transient anastomotic leakage,while one patient developed self-limiting hemobilia,wound infection occurred in one patient.All three patients were treated conservatively and recovered.The mean Karnofsky performance score was 86,with which they could carry on normal activity with minor symptoms of disease.Two patient died after 9 months and 17 months of extensive metastasis and intrahepatic metastasis respectively.The remaining seven patients are alive by a mean followup of 24.9 months after surgery without any signs of recurrence.Conclusions With accurate hilar resection and portal parecnchyma-to-enterostomy,the patients considerably benefit from the preservation of liver parenchyma and patent biliary drainage and radical resection.So the Hew technique prolongs the survival time and enhances the quality of life of the patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of coixenolide on Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and to explore its possible mechanism for treating rheumatiol arthritis.

METHODSFive mice were recruited as a normal control group from 25 mice, and the rest 20 were used in CIA modeling. After successful modeling they were randomly divided in the model control group and the coixenolide group, 10 in each group. Coixenolide injection at 25 mL/kg was intraperitoneally injected to mice in the coixenolide group, while normal saline at 25 mL/kg was intraperitoneally injected to mice in the normal control group and the model control group. The injection lasted for 21 days. Scoring for CIA was performed after injection and arthritis index was calculated. The peripheral blood Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg ratio was determined by flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the arthritis index obviously increased in the model control group (P < 0.01). The arthritis index obviously decreased more in the coixenolide group than in the model control group (P < 0.01). Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg levels obviously decreased more in the model control group than in the normal control group (P < 0.01 ). Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg levels obviously increased more in the coixenolide control group than in the model control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCoixenolide could up-regulate Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg ratios in CIA mice, which might play certain immunoregulation roles in the incidence of CIA.

Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between arachidonic acid (AA) and acute red blood cells damage in rats, and to build a model with hidden blood loss in vivo, and to explore the pathological mechenism of hidden blood loss.

METHODSA total of 50 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (200 ± 20) g were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): control group and four experimental groups. The rats in the experimental groups were given 0.5 ml different concentrations of AA dilu- ents, 5, 10, 20, 40 mmol/L respectively. The blood samples were collected from orbital venous at the beginning and 24, 48, 72 hours after administration. Then the changes of hemoglobin (Hb) ,red blood cell count (RBC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH- PX) activity, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H202) in the blood samples were tested.

RESULTSSignificant hidden blood loss occurred when the concentration was 10 mmol/L in the experimental group, with the RBC and Hb sharply reduced in blood samples. The Hb and RBC were reduced in all the experimental groups and control group at 24 hours after administration, while in the experimental groups they changed more obviously. The GSH-PX activity, T-SOD activity and H₂O₂were also significantly reduced in all groups, and the changes showed significant differences. The Hb and RBC were relatively stable in the control group and the experimental groups at 48 hours after administration; while GSH-PX activity, T-SOD activity and H₂O₂were all significantly decreased, and the changes in the experimental groups were more notable.

CONCLUSIONElevated levels of AA in the blood causes oxidative stress in the red blood cells, leading to the damage of red blood cells and hemoglobin, which is responsible for hidden blood loss.

Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; toxicity ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate middle and long-term results of total hip arthroplasties (THA) for the treatment of secondary hip traumatic osteoarthritis and femoral head necrosis after acetabular fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2000 to December 2005, 33 patients with secondary hip traumatic osteoarthritis and (or) femoral head necrosis after acetabular fractures were treated with THA. There were 21 males and 12 females, ranging in age from 27 to 69 years old, with an average of 52 years old. Twenty-three patients were performed with open reduction and internal fixation: 5 patients were treated with anterior approach; 12 patients, posterior approach; 6 patients, combined approaches; other 10 patients, conservative treatment in the early stage. All THA were performed with posterior-lateral approach. Bone union was achieved in the all acetabular fractures. Removal of all implants was necessary in 5 patients, and partial removal in 3 patients. Cemented cup was implanted in 6 patients and uncommented cup in 27 patients. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed, and Harris hip scores before surgery and 10 years after operation were compared. The prosthetic loosening, osteolysis or revision were used to evaluate 10 years survival rate of prosthesis.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 10 to 15 years, with a mean of 12 years. One patient died at the 10th year after operation. The Harris score at the 10th year was higher than the preoperative one. One and two patients were performed with revision total hip arthroplasty caused by aseptic loosening alone and aseptic loosening combined with osteolysis respectively. Osteolysis occurred in 1 patient; deep venous thrombosis in 4 patients; dislocation of prosthesis in 2 patients. One patient had infection of incision and one patient had infection around the prosthesis. Ten years survival rate of implant was 84.8% (28/133).

CONCLUSIONTHA is an effective method to treat secondary hip traumatic osteoarthritis and (or) femoral head necrosis after acetabular fractures in improving hip joint functions with high implant survival rate and good middle and long-term results.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; surgery ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; Hip Injuries ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Hip ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery

Aim To assess the impact of morin and acetyl-resveratrol on the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of saquinavir (SQV), a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), in rats.Methods Twenty rats were randomized into four groups of equal size, including a control group, two intervention groups and a positive control group, and administered orally 30 mg·kg-1 SQV with or without 40 mg·kg-1 morin or acetyl-resveratrol or verapamil (as positive control).The plasma concentrations of saquinavir were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method, and the PK of SQV was assessed using non-compartmental analysis.Results The PK parameters values of SQV, SQV+morin, SQV+acetyl-resveratrol, SQV+verapamil were as follows: AUC0-t, 381.53 μg·h·L-1,185.53 μg·h·L-1, 360.43 μg·h·L-1, 529.95 μg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞, 409.48 μg·h·L-1, 228.52 μg·h·L-1,446.67 μg·h·L-1, 552.41 μg·h·L-1;Cmax, 110.80 μg·L-1, 86.44 μg·L-1, 139.84 μg·L-1, 423.60 μg·L-1;Tmax, 0.25 h, 0.25 h, 0.25 h, 0.50 h;T1/2, 5.72 h, 5.94 h, 6.78 h, 3.78 h;MRT0-∞, 10.30 h, 9.61 h, 12.30 h, 4.89 h;CL/F, 7.59 mL·kg-1·h-1, 13.88 mL·kg-1·h-1, 7.28 mL·kg-1·h-1, 5.52 mL·kg-1·h-1.Conclusions Multiple peak phenomenon can be observed in the plasma SQV profiles.Morin can significantly reduce the SQV oral bioavailability and affect SQV PK profiles while acetyl-resveratrol cannot significantly affect the SQV oral bioavailability and SQV PK profiles in rats.

Objective To investigate the dose- and time-effects of astragaloside Ⅳ(XGA) on collagen of myocardial fibroblasts in rats.Methods The myocardial fibroblasts of rats were separated by collagenase and trypsinase digestive method,and the cell culture system was established. After XGA in different concentrations and at different time points was administered in fibroblast culture systems,the mRNA expression levels of collagen,matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)-1,-2,-9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1 and -2 were measured with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) test.Results After XGA administration with different doses and at different time points was adminstered,the gel electrophoresis product of RT-PCR in fibroblast culture system expressed the mRNA of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,MMP-1,-2,-9,TIMP-1 and -2;but the mRNA expression levels of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,TIMP-1 and -2 decreased and the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1,-2,and -9 increased compared to those before XGA administration;the mRNA expression of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,MMP-1,-2,-9,TIMP-1 and -2 decreased or increased gradually with the increase of doses and the prolonged time of XGA use.The mRNA expression levels of type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ collagens,TIMP-1 and -2 were negatively related to the doses and action times of XGA(r=-0.927 to -0.637 P= 0 to 0.024);and the mRNA expression levels of MMP-1,-2 and -9 were positively related to the doses and action times of XGA(r=0.672 to 0.962 P=0 to 0.034).Conclusion XGA can markedly reduce the collagen formation of myocardial fibroblasts in rats,and its mechanisms are related to the inhibiting of collagen synthesis and the increase of collagen degradation.

Objective To design simulated pulmonary air embolism demonstration model,so as to solve the problem of pathological anatomy of pulmonary air embolism in experiment teaching. Methods According to the principle of the disturbance of local blood circulation and air embolism, we designed a pulmonary air embolism model. We took 223 school nursing students as the object of this study,and randomly divided them into 2 groups:animal experiment teaching group and model control group,then we compared the teaching effect between the two groups. Result The test scores of students in the animal experiment teaching group were higher than control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion The use of simulated pulmonary air embolism demonstration model teaching can improve the students’experimental test scores,and can be repeatedly used,stimulate students' study interest,reduce the cost of teaching,and improve the teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the stimulative effects of CollagenⅠon the increased adhesion of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), cytoskeleton actin organization and intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration. Methods The third generation BMSCs isolated from mature rabbits were cultured at different initial concentrations on cover-slice coated by collagenⅠin RPMI1640 containing 10% fetal calf serum, and cultured on the same kind of cover-slice untreated with collagenⅠas control. The cells adhesive behavior at different times was assessed. Cellular actin organization was described as either typeⅠor typeⅡcells. In general, typeⅠcells are round and represent a preliminary stage of actin assembly, while typeⅡcells are elongated with organized actin fiber network. At the same time intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration was measured by using calcium fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM and laser confocal microscope. Results We found more typeⅡcells in BMSCs cultured with collagen typeⅠsix hours after culture than in the control group. At 12 hours 89% of the BMSCs were typeⅡcells, while only 55% were typeⅡcells in the control group. This indicated active cellular actin organization after being modified by collagen typeⅠ. We also found that the BMSCs cultured with collagen typeⅠincreased intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration in monolayer culture. Conclusions CollagenⅠis effective in promoting the cellular adhesion, which suggests that a kind of internal relationship or cross-talk may exist between cellular actin organization, intracellular free Ca~(2+) concentration and cell adhesion. Further study, however, is needed.

Objective:To study the enhancing effect of bFGF-targeted antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (APO)on the chemosensitivity of human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line Hep2 to Doxorubicin,5-Fluorouracil, and Cisplatin.Methods:bFGF-specific APO was designed,constructed and transfected into Hep2 cells with jetPEI (polyethyleneimine).Expression of bFGF mRNA was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR after transfection;immuno- cytochemical method was used to examine the expression of bEGF expression before and after transfection of Hep2;the in- duction of cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry;cell proliferation was then analYzed by MTT assay after treatment with bFGF-specific APO or chemotherapeutic drugs,or a combination of both.Results:bFGF-specific APO inhibited the growth of Hep2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,with the peak inhibitory rate being 25.5%.The expression of bFGF mRNA and protein decreased by 52.0% and 41.1%,respectively.The apoptosis rate of Hep2 cells was 20.5% after transfection,bFGF-specifie APO reduced the 50% inhibitory concentration of Doxorubicin,5-Fluorouracil,and Cis- platin in Hep2 cells by 75.5%,83.5% and 65.4%,respectively.Conclusion:bFGF-specific APO can enhance the chemosensitivity of Hep2 cells,which paves a new way for potential biologic chemotherapy of laryngeal squamous carcino- ma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics in ABO-incompatible allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(allo-PBSCT).Methods137 patients'clinical courses who accepted allo-PBSCT were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five cases of them were ABO-incompatible allo-PBSCT patients,including 32 ABO major mismatched cases,23 ABO minor mismatched cases and 10 ABO major and minor mismatched cases.Seventy-two ABO-identical cases were taken as control group.ResultsCompared with ABO-idential cases,the time of erythrocyte recovery after allo-PBSCT in ABO major and minor mismatched group was delayed [(73.2+10.3) d vs (97.5+10.4) d] (P ＜0.05).In ABO-incompatible group, the time of blood type switching in different ABO-incompatible types were found no significant difference (P ＞0.05) [ABO major mismatched:(45.7±17.3) d,ABO minor mismatched:(41.2+16.1) d and ABO major and minor mismatched:(48.4±20.9) d (P ＞ 0.05)].There were 8 cases who have a delayed time of blood type changing, including 6 cases demonstrated recipient-derived anti-A antibody. ConclusionABO-incompatible has no negative effect on allo-PBSCT.The time of erythrocyte reconstitution was delayed in ABO major and minor mismatched group.A delayed time of blood type switching tends to occur in ABO minor incompatible cases and patients who have anti-A antibody initially.