Literatures of study on acupoint functional effect of encephalic region with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are collected from the database of China National Knowledge Information (CNKI) and Wan fang database. Analysis and comments are made respectively from the status quo of studies on combination of single acupoint, two acupoints and multiple acupoints under both physiological and pathological conditions. The results show that the corresponding encephalic regions can be specifically activated by acupuncture. And different regions can be activated by different acupoints. However, studies on single acupoint, two acupoints and three acupoints are the major researches carried out at present. It is still lack of observation on effect of commonly-used combinations in clinic. Moreover, the reliability of the research results are also affected by disunity of operations protocol, reinforcing or reducing manipulations, intensity or depth of stimulation and duration of needling retention. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified and standard operation protocol to strictly control the bias factors which may affect the result of research in the future, and take patients as the study target as much as possible, so as to further explore the central effect mechanism.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo explore the role and mechanism of IL-13 in regulating the differentiation of ciliated cells on cultured human primary nasal epithelial cells.METHODSHuman nasal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and treated by IL-13, the differentiation of epithelial cells was observed by western blot detection ofβ-tubulinⅣ and ELISA detection of MUC5AC; the percentage of ciliated and goblet cells was quantified by cytospin followed by immunohistochemical staining; the expression level of central ciliary genes was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTSCompared with control group, IL-13 treatment for 14 day significantly decreased the percentage of ciliated cells and expression ofβ-tubulinⅣ, additionally increased the goblet cells and the secretion of MUC5AC; IL-13 treatment significantly reduced the expression of ciliary key transcription factors such as FOXJ1, RFX2 and RFX3, as well as basal body biogenesis genes like CCNO and CETN2.CONCLUSIONIL-13 inhibits the differentiation of human nasal ciliated epithelial cells, which may be by down-regulating the expression of ciliary key transcription factors and basal body biogenesis proteins.

Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Humans ; Tinnitus

Objective To investigate the clinic results of treatment of distal tibiofibular fractures by in- direct reduction and plate fixation through inferior fibula.Methods Between 2002 and 2005,32 cases of distal tibiofibular fractures were treated with indirect reduction and plate fixation through inferior fibula.According to the AO/ASIF classification,there were 17 cases of type A,nine cases of type B,and six cases of type C.Twenty of them also received iliac autograft through a limited median incision at the lower tibia to repair their lateral tibial defects.After operation their ankle joints were fixated at 90?with piaster brace and cast for three months.The bone union,wound and the function of the ankles were observed after surgery.Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 16 months.The average bone union time was 14 weeks.No nonunion,screw loosening,broken plate,or infection of the wounds was found in this series.The excellent and good rate was 84.4% according to Mazur's ankle joint function scoring.Conclusion Indirect reduction and plate fixation through inferior fibula is a satisfactory technique in the treatment of distal tibiofibular fractures.

Diagnosis related groups (DRGs)have been widely used in many countries and regions.The versions of DRGs in different regions are modified according to the local circumstances and conditions.Beijing version DRGs (BJ-DRGs)is the first DRGs system in Chinese,which was developed locally based on the conditions of medical information system and health relative policies in Beijing.This paper introduced the grouping principles,logic and methodology of BJ-DRGs.Taking“ear,nose,mouth and throat disorders”for example,this paper demonstrated the grouping process of BJ-DRGs.

This paper analyzes the present situation and focuses of medical image fusion and especially places emphasis on the developing trend of intelligent image fusion and comachine image fusion technologies.
Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Medical Informatics Applications

Objective To investigate the effects of methylprednisolone(MP) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 and airway inflammation in murine models of asthma. Methods Thirty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into asthma group,MP group and control group(n=10).Murine models of acute asthma were established by ovalbumin(OVA) via peritoneal injection and intranasal instillation.The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed with HE staining,and cell quantitation was conducted in bronchalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).The expression of MMP-9 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry and gelatin zymogram,and the expression of MMP-9 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group,there were more significant airway spasm and more infiltration of inflammatory cells in histologic examination,and there was higher eosinophil cell quantitation in BALF in asthma group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of doxycycline on the proliferation of human small cell lung cancer H446 cels in vitro and its possible mechanisms. Methods H446 cells were treated with different concentrations of doxycycline for 24, 48, 72 or 96 h. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay, IC50was calculated by Bliss, and cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay. The protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in H446 cells were detected by Western blot and real time-PCR, respectively. Results Doxycycline inhibited the proliferation of H446 cells in a concentration-time dependent manner. The half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of doxycycline on cell proliferation in H446 cells were approximately 24.10 mg/L for 24 h treatment group, 10.98 mg/L for 48 h treatment group, 8.20 mg/L for 72 h treatment group and 8.03 mg/L for 96 h treatment group, respectively. Furthermore, doxycycline treatment could also induce the apoptosis of H446 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, doxycycline treatment dramatically down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of Bax in H446 cells both at the protein and at the mRNA levels. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Doxycycline can inhibit the proliferation of H446 cells by inducing apoptosis via down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulating the expression of Bax. Doxycycline has great potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for human small cell lung cancer.

AIM: To study p42/p44 mitogen - activated protein kinases ( MAPK ) signal transduction pathway effect on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) expression induced by elevated glucose concentration in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium ( hRPE) .
METHODS:hRPE cells were cultured and divided into four groups:normal glucose group (NG) (5. 6mmol/L), high glucose group ( HG1:15mmol/L D-glucose, HG2:20mmol/L D - glucose, HG3:30mmol/L D - glucose ), PD98059 group: hRPE cells were treated by an efficient and selective inhibitor PD98059 (20μmol/L) of p42/p44MAPK signal transduction pathway and solvent dimethyl sulfoxide group ( DMSO group) . The expression of VEGF and pigment epithelium derived factor ( PEDF ) mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. VEGF protein expression in cultured hRPE supernatants was detected by enzyme-linked immumosorbent assay ( ELISA) .
RUSULTS: VEGF mRNA and protein expression induced by elevated glucose concentration increased significantly. VEGF mRNA and protein expression were restrained in PD98059 group. Ratio of ( VEGF/β-actine)/( PEDF/β - actine ) in PD98059 group decreased significantly compare with that in high glucose group.
CONCLUSION: p42/p44MAPK signal transduction pathway might play a part in VEGF expression induced by elevated glucose concentration in cultured hRPE cells.

AIM: To analyze the effect of preoperative intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab ( lVR ) in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy ( PPV ) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR) .
●METHODS:ln this retrospective research, 62 patients (67 eyes ) with PDR in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Jun. 2014 to Jun. 2015 were recruited. They were assigned to an experimental group ( n=37 eyes ) and a control group ( n=30 eyes ) . The patients in experimental group were given 1 injection of lVR ( Lucentis 1. 0mg/0. 1mL ) 1wk before surgery, whereas those in control group went down to surgery directly. The average operation time, iatrogenic breaks, the use of tamponade, electric coagulation, and vision increase rate were comparatively analyzed between two groups.
●RESULTS:The average operation time was (91. 7±20. 8) min in the experimental group vs (117. 6±18. 6)min in the PPV group(t = -5. 314,P<0. 05). The rate of electric coagulation (11%) vs (47%), (χ2 =8. 963, P=0. 006);iatrogenic breaks (5%) vs (33%), (χ2=8. 789, P=0. 004) and silicone oil or inert gas tamponade ( 27. 0%) vs (53. 3%), (χ2 = 4. 828, P = 0. 043 ). The rate of visual improvement (75. 7%) vs (46. 7%), (χ2 = 5. 960, P =0. 022 ) . There was no severe complication associated with surgery, such as choroidal detachment, retinal detachment and endophthalmitis.
●CONCLUSION:lVR before microincision vitrectomy can effectively shorten the operation time, reduce the use of electric coagulation and intraocular tamponade, and improve the rate of visual improvement for PDR patients.