Acupuncture ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Research Design

Child ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; diagnosis ; therapy

The diversity in Tibetan kefir grains and dynamics of the microbial community during the fermentation of Tibetan kefir by PCR-DGGE fingerprinting technique were studied.The results showed that bacterial community of Tibetan kefir grains was more complex than that of yeast.The bacteria communities between different Tibetan kefir grains showed 78%～84% similarity, and yeast 80%～92%.Bands B, E and N of DGGE profiles of the microbial community during fermentation of Tibetan kefir were present throughout the fermentation.Analysis of sequence date showed the majority of the DGGE bands of bacteria community corresponded to LAB, and the most intense band (band E) was completely homology to Lactococcus lactis.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin(Cur)on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid(TNBS)induced colitis and to investigate cytokines change in colon mucosa,spleen and sera.Methods Colitis was induced in SD rats by intrarectal injection of TNBS(100 mg/kg).Experi- mental animals were divided into negative control group,TNBS group and Cur therapeutic group(Cur, 30 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),intraperitoneal injection).Expression of cytokines mRNA in colon mucosa was observed by RT-PCR,intracellular cytokines of interferon(IFN)-?and interleukin(IL)-4 in splenocytes were detected by flow cytometry(FCM),concentrations of IFN-?and IL-4 in sera were determined by enzyme-link immunosorbent analysis(ELISA).Results After treatment with Cur,macroscopic scores (3.9?1.0 vs.2.2?0.7),myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity(15.0?2.6 vs.7.3?1.4),mRNA of IFN-?(1.02?0.07 vs.0.06?0.02,mRNAof IL-12(0.29?0.05 vs.0.11?0.01)and the ratio of IFN-?/IL-4(11.44?0.97 vs.0.38?0.10)in colon mucosa,proportion of IFN-?CD4~+(31.7?7.5 vs. 21.1?3.7)and the ratio of IFN-?/IL-4 CD4~+(19.9?5.1 vs.6.1?1.8)in splenocytes,concentra tions of IFN-?[(1528?159)pg/ml vs.(513?14)pg/ml] and the ratio of IFN-?/IL-4(19.5?4.1 vs. 4.2?0.6)in sera were all decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Meanwhile,mRNA of IL-4(0.09?0.01 vs.0.15?0.04)and IL-10(0.28?0.08 vs.0.63?0.12)in colon mucosa,proportion of IL-4 CD4~+ (1.6?0.5 vs.3.4?1.1)in splenocytes and concentrations of IL-4 in sera[(81?15)pg/ml vs.(124?20) pg/ml] were all increased after the treatment of Cur(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Cur showed ther- apeutic effects on TNBS-induced colitis,and the mechanism might be through regulating the balance of Th1/ Th2 in colon locally and systematically.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of prostate cancer with prostate specific antigen(PSA)4-10?g/L. Methods The data of prostate biopsies for the patients with PSA 4-10?g/L from May 1998 to February 2004 and the treatment and prognosis of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results In the 141 cases, 34 were diagnosed as prostate cancer, including 3 cT1, 21 cT2, 6 cT3 and 4 cT4. Mean Gleason score was 5.8, and the mean Gleason scores of cT1 and cT2 were significantly lower than those of cT3 and cT4. Twenty-four cases of cT1 and cT2 underwent radical prostatectomy. Four cases of cT3 recieved radical prostateetomy after 4 months of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. Two cases of cT3 and 4 cT4 received castration. Pathological section from radical surgeries showed that 21 cases were organ confined and 7 were locally invasive. The difference of mean Gleason score between these two groups was significant in statistics. After 18 to 69 months (mean 42 months)follow-up, 21 organ confined cases were free survived, 4 locally invasive cases had biochemical recurrence and 1 case had multifocal bone metastasis. No cancer-specific death happened. Two of 4 cT4 cases were still alive and 2 died of the tumor. Conclusions Routine needle biopsy is necessary for the cases with“grave area”PSA of 4～10 ?g/L. Prostate cancers with PSA 4～10/?g/L are not always early diseases. Gleason score is a very important index for determine the stage of pathology after surgery. Radical prostatectomy is an effective treatment for organ confined disease.

This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of hepatic resection combined with radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection (HR) alone for the treatment of multifocal hepatoeellular carcinomas (HCC).A literature search was conducted from the database including MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and China Biology Medicine (CBM) disc.The primary outcomes included the 1-,3-,5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rate.The secondary outcomes contained the intraoperative parameters and postoperative adverse events (AEs).These parameters were all analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software.After carefully screening relevant studies,four retrospective studies of high quality involving 466 patients (197 in the combined group and 269 in the HR group) were included in this study.The pooled results showed that the 1-,3-,5-year OS rate in the combined group were comparable with those in the HR group (OR=0.77,0.96,0.88;P=0.33,0.88,0.70,respectively).Similarly,there was no significant difference in 1-,3-,5-year DFS rate between the combined group and the HR alone group (OR=0.57,0.83,0.72;P=0.17,0.37,0.32,respectively).And the intraoperative parameters and postoperative AEs were also comparable between the above two cohorts.However,two included studies reported that tumor often recurred in the ablation site in the combined group.The present meta-analysis indicated that the HR combined with RFA could reach a long-term survival outcome similar to curative HR for multifocal HCC patients.And this therapy may be a promising alternative for these patients with marginal liver function or complicated tumor distribution.Furthermore,high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are imperative to verify this conclusion.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; metabolism ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of children massive cerebral infarction after traumatic brain injury. Methods The clinical data of 33 children with massive cerebral infarction after traumatic brain injury were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 33 children, 24 cases suffered from falling, 10 cases were involved in traffic accidents, 1 case suffered from violence and 1 case was hit by falling object. The massive cerebral infarction occurred in all objects: 9 cases in 1 day after head trauma, 14 cases in 1 - 3 days, 7 cases in 4 - 7 days, and 3 cases after 7 days. Eighteen patients were performed operation to evacuate the intracranial hematoma and decompression. Antiplatelet agents, calcium antagonist and low molecular dextran were administered in all patients after exclusion of bleeding tendency. The follow-up period of all children ranged from 6 months to 24 months. According to Glasgow outcome score (GOS):18 cases showed a good outcome, 6 cases were moderately disabled, 1 case was severely disabled, 1 case survived in a permanent vegetative state and 7 cases died. Conclusions The main causes of children massive cerebral infarction with traumatic brain injury are falling and traffic accident. With proactive treatment, the prognosis of children survivors is acceptable.

Objective To explore the behavioral dimensions and validity of the light-dark box(LDB),as an model of state anxiety in Kunming mice.Methods The behavior of adult,male,Kunming mice in LDB was recorded twice,for five minutes,with a one-week inter-trial interval.The following parameters were evaluated by factor analysis:latence for the first entry into the dark area(Latence);percentage of time exploring in the light area (Ltime%);percentage of squares crossing in the light area(Lcross%);percentage of rears in the light area (Lrear%);transitions between two areas(Transition);total number of squares crossing in the whole apparatus (Cross);total number of rears in the whole apparatus(Rear);and number of fecal boli(FB).Results There was a good intercorrelation both among Ltime%,Lcross%,Lrear%,and among Transition,Cross,Rear.A good correlation also was found between test and retest for Transition,Rear and FB.Ltime%,Lcress%and Lrear%had significant loadings on Anxiety factor(Loading%:39.54%,35.40%);Transition loaded on Locomotor factor(Loading%:23.78%,19.66%),combined with Cross;Rear loaded on Exploration factor(Loading%:13.75%,22.60%);and FB loaded on Emotionality factor(Loading%:14.42%,13.02%);Latence was not stable.Conclusion Light-dark box,as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mice,comprised three behavioral dimensions:anxiety factor,LDB-activity factor(locomotor factor and exploration factor)and emotionality factor.

Objective To explore the test-retest reliability of the open field test,as a method for ethology in Kunming mice. Methods The behavior of adult male Kunming mice in the open field test was recorded twice,once for five minutes, with a one-week inter-trial interval. The following parameters were evaluated:number of central squares; number of peripheral squares; percent of central squares; number of horizontal squares; number of rearings; total score; and number of fecal boli. Subsequently,the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the agreement index (Kappa) were calculated for each of these parameters. Results Both ICC and Kappa for total score( ICC =0.902, P＜0.01; Kappa =0.680, P＜0.01; r=0.815, P＜0.01 ) showed a good reliability and correlation between the test trials. Only ICC for number of central squares ( ICC = 0. 578, P ＜ 0.01 ), number of peripheral squares( ICC =0.615, P＜0.01 ) ,percent of central squares(ICC=0.523, P＜0.01) ,number of horizontal squares( ICC = 0. 607, P ＜ 0.01 ) and number of rearings ( ICC = 0. 606, P ＜ 0.01 ) indicated a fair reliability between the test trials. Neither ICC nor Kappa for number of fecal boli displayed a significant reliability between the test trials. The difference of these parameters between test and retest, such as number of peripheral squares( t =3.01, P＜0.01 ),number of horizontal squares( t = 3.34, P ＜ 0.01 ) and total score( t = 7.86, P ＜ 0.01 ) were significant. Conclusion The parameter,total score for Kunming mice in the open field test,is found to be stable over time, and indicates a good reliability with a one-week inter-trial interval.