Nanobacteria (NB) is a kind of new bacteria with a diameter of 8 0~500 nm. It has specific mineralizing ability. As a active nidus it can attac h, invade and damage the renal epithelium of collecting ducts and papilla, and t hen form apatite which being the center to induce formation of kidney stones. I n the paper, the research progress on nanobateria contained in kidney stones and its role in kidney stones formation were summarized. The simulation in vitro a nd animal models of kidney stones formation induced by nanobateria were discusse d.

There are two populations of bacteria to affect the formation of urinary stones in humanity. The first one can promote the formation of urinary stone by increasing urinary pH, decreasing concentration of urinary inhibitors , and damaging the protective urothelial glycosaminoglycan layer. The second inhibit the formation of urinary stones. These bacteria ( mainly the intestinal oxalate degrading bacteria such as Oxalobacter formigenes, lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis etc) can decrease urinary oxalate concentration by regulating exogenous oxalate. The problems faced and the developing direction were also indicated.

OBJECTIVETo seek the methods in the prevention and cure of urinary stones in the Zhujiang valley in Guangdong province.

METHODSTwenty random urinary stones were quantitatively and morphologically analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD).

RESULTSCalcium oxalate (about 70%) was the main composition of urinary stones in the Zhujiang valley in Guangdong province; while 30% of which was uric acid stones. Most calcium oxalate stones contain phosphate; however, its content usually was less than 10%.

CONCLUSIONSCalcium oxalate, uric acid and phosphate are the main compositions of urinary stones in the Zhujiang valley in Guangdong province. The compositions and phases of urinary stones can be obtained accurately by the combination of XPS and XRD.

Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Oxalate ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Powder Diffraction ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; methods ; Uric Acid ; analysis ; Urinary Calculi ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction ; methods

Effects of serotonin (5-HT) on spontaneous discharges of single hypothalamic arcuate neurons were observed in rat brain slices by extracellular recordings. The results showed that (1) of 149 neurons selected randomly and tested for 5-HT application, 33 (22.2%) were excited, 82 (55.0%) were inhibited, and 34 (22.8%) showed biphasic responses or failed to respond; (2) substitution of low Ca(2+)-high Mg(2+) artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for normal aCSF abolished the 5-HT-induced inhibitory effect but failed to affect the 5-HT-induced excitatory effect; (3) cyproheptadine, a non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, could block either the 5-HT-induced excitatory or inhibitory effects in all neurons tested; and (4) bicuculline, a GABA(A)-receptor antagonist, blocked the 5-HT-induced inhibitory effect. These results imply (1) 5-HT excites arcuate neurons through a mechanism that is insensitive to the decreased extracellular Ca(2+), suggesting a direct postsynaptic action of 5-HT on the 5-HT-receptors located in the membrane of the neurons recorded; and (2) 5-HT might elicit the inhibitory effect through a Ca(2+)-sensitive release of GABA from intercalated GABAergic local neurons that are excited first by 5-HT.
Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cyproheptadine ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serotonin ; pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; physiology

To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L., the constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography. Two new compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the ethanol extract. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data 1D and 2D NMR, they were identified as 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8, 8-dimethyl-8H-pyrano[2, 3-h]chromen-4-one (1) and 5-(2-hydroxyl-1-methyl)-ethyl-4, 5-dihydrofurano[2, 3-h](4'-hydroxyl-3', 5'-dimethoxy)-isoflavone (2), and named as coryfolia D and bavarigenin separately.
Chromones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Psoralea ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo introduce our experience in diagnosis and treatment of 33 patients with Tessier craniofacial clefts.

METHODS33 patients with craniofacial clefts were classified by Tessier classification. According to the type and severity of the clefts, various techniques, from simple local flap transfer to complicated osteotomy and bone grafting were used to correct the deformity in 29 patients.

RESULTSAll patients who underwent corrective operation were satisfied with the result, and there were no complications.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Tessier classification is very important for plastic surgeon to find potential craniofacial deformities related to main signs. (2) No. 7 cleft is one of most common Tessier craniofacial clefts. (3) Each Tessier cleft is unique, therefore, the treatment plans cannot be standardized. Specific corrective operation must be performed on each patient according to the type and severity of the cleft, including simple local flap transfer to complicated osteotomy and bone grafting or distraction osteogenesis.

Craniofacial Abnormalities ; classification ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To study the cotransfection mB7-1 and mCD1D gene into pancreatic cancer cells of rats and to observe its anti-tmor responses.Methods Recombinant retroviral vectors expressing mB7-1and mCD1D gene were packaged into GP2-293 cell lines and transfected.The expressions of mB7-1 and mCD1D were detected with PCR and Western blot.The positive cells of mB7-1 and mCD1D were used to induce the anti-tumor immunity in vitro.Results Anti-tumor immunity was induced after B7-1 and CD1D positive cells were coinoculated in syngeneic mice.Furthermore,the growth of tumor was inhibited.Conclusions Cotransfection of B7-1 and CD1D could induce anti-tumor effect.This study provide a foundation for the application of B7-1 and CD1D gene therapy in tumor.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical application and therapeutic effect of open vertebroplasty for thoracolumbar metastatic tumor.

METHODSFrom September 2003 to December 2009, 21 patients with thoracolumbar metastatic tumor underwent the surgical procedure of posterior spinal cord decompression and open vertebroplasty combined with short-segmental pedicle screw fixation during the same intervention. There were 14 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 48 to 73 years with the mean of 59.5 years and ranging in course of disease from 1 to 4 months with an average of 2.5 months. The primary focus of the tumor of 19 cases were established, lung carcinoma was in 8 cases, breast cancer in 4 cases, prostate carcinoma in 4 cases, hepatocarcinoma in 2 cases and thyroid carcinoma in 1 case. The primary focus of 2 cases could not be established. The spinal function according to Frankel grade, grade B was in 4 cases, C in 6, D in 5, E in 6. The lumbar-back pain, height of anterior and posterior vertebral body, Cobb angle and spinal function were recorded before and after operation.

RESULTSThe operation of all patients was successful, there were no severe complications and aggravation of spinal function. The VAS score of lumbar-back pain decreased from 8.78 +/- 0.45 preoperatively to 2.25 +/- 0.36 postoperatively. Among 16 cases combined with pathological fracture, the height of anterior spinal vertebral body increased from (12.7 +/- 2.1) mm preoperatively to (19.5 +/- 3.9) mm postoperatively; the height of posterior spinal vertebral body increased from (14.1 +/- 1.8) mm preoperatively to (20.3 +/- 2.3) mm postoperatively; Cobb angle decreased from (26.0 +/- 8.9) degrees preoperatively to (6.0 +/- 0.9) degrees postoperatively. There was significant difference above items between before and after operation (P < 0.05). The spinal function according to Frankel grade at final follow up, grade C was in 2 cases, D in 4, E in 15. All patients were followed up from 5 to 28 months with an average of 14 months, there was no loosening and breakage of internal fixity, 15 cases died during follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONThe surgical intervention can effectively preserve spinal instability and alleviate the spinal cord symptoms, improve the life quality of patients. It may provide an alternative treatment for patients in poor general health and shorter life expectancy.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebroplasty ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for the treatment of far lateral lumbar disc herniation.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to January 2011, 18 patients with far lateral lumbar disc herniation underwent a unilateral TLIF procedure in conjunction with posterior unilateral pedicle screw fixation. There were 13 males and 5 females,ranging in age from 42 to 73 years (means 58.5 years). All cases had single segment involved 5 cases in L3, 4, 10 cases in L4,5,3 cases in LSS. The visual analog scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index scores were observed in postoperative and followed-up period, and compared with preoperative.

RESULTSThe operation of 18 patients was successful,there were no severe complication. The average operative time was 105 min (85 to 125 min), the average amount of blood loss was 145 ml (90 to 340 ml). During the followed-up, the visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index scores were significant improved compared with preoperative (P < 0.05). All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 23 months, there was no implant break and displacement in postoperative X-ray.

CONCLUSIONThe surgical procedure of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion had the advantage including less invasion, quickly recovery, short operative time, and saving fixation cost, it may provide an alternative treatment for patients with far lateral lumbar disc herniation.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

The quantitative identification and enrichment of viable regulatory T cells (Treg) requires reliable surface markers that are selectively expressed on Treg. Foxp3 is the accepted marker of natural Treg, but it cannot be used to isolate cells for functional studies. CD127 is a new surface marker expressed in Treg cells. In this study, two populations of Treg, including CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)T cells, and profiles of the Foxp3 expression in CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) cells were compared to evaluate which population is better. The peripheral blood cells were collected and spleen suspension of BALB/C mice were prepared, and using triple staining CD4, CD25, CD127 and CD4, CD25, Foxp3. The profiles of Treg, including CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) were detected by flow cytometry. The quadruple staining CD4, CD25, Foxp3 and CD127 were used to determine the CD127 expression in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells. The results showed that on T cell subset the median expression levels of CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(+) were 39.02%, 5.35% in peripheral blood and 23.49%, 3.86% in spleen. On CD4(+) T cell subset, the median expression level of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)T cells were 7.13%, 3.97% in peripheral blood and 12.8%, 8.23% in spleen. The ratio of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) T cells was higher than that of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells in both peripheral blood and spleen cells (P < 0.01). The CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) cells highly expressed Foxp3, while the CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)T cells lowly expressed CD127. It is concluded that compared with the CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) populations, CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low/-) T cells better fit the definition of naturally occurring regulatory T cells in peripheral blood cells and spleen of BALB/C mice. CD127(low/-) is a characteristic marker on surface of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells, and has been confirmed to be more specific marker for quantitatively sorting Treg cells.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Female ; Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit ; analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; metabolism