Posterior scleritis,an inflammatory disease of the posterior sclera,is most commonly seen in middle-aged women and often associated with systemic immunological diseases.It presents with a variety of nonspecific signs and symptoms,and its clinical feature may be confused with ocular tumors,orbital inflammation,and retinochoroidopathy.Therefore,some auxiliary examinations are necessary for the diagnosis of posterior scleritis.With early proper diagnosis and treatment,severe complications of posterior scleritis can be avoided or lessened.In the paper,some advancement in the study of etiology,incidence,signs,symptoms,auxiliary examination,differential diagnosis and treatment of posterior scleritis were reviewed.

Objective To observe the influence of environment stimulation on learning and memory ability and hippocampal pathology of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).Methods The models of HIBD SD rats were established by the method of Rice, and were divided randomly into three groups: enriched environment stimulation group (EE), impoverished environment stimulation group (IE), and standard environment stimulation group (SE). The sham-operation rats were served as control group. Different environment stimulation was administrated to the rats since day 1 after HIBD.On the day 28,Morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability. HE staining and nissl stain were employed to observe the pathological change and the number of neurons in hippocampus of rats.Results The learning and memory ability of EE group was significantly higher than that of SE group (P0.05), and the ability of SE group was higher than that of IE group ( P0.05). The number of SE group was lower than that of Sham group (P

BackgroundLimbal stem cell deficiency usually leads to blindness, and traditional therapy is limited. Recent research demonstrated that bone mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) and human amniotic epithelial cells(AECs) could differentiate into many kinds of cells including corneal epithelial cells, but the outcome and effect of these cells on corneal stem cell deficiency are still unclear. ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe and compare the effects of rabbit BMSCs and human AECs transplantation for rabbit limbal stem cell deficiency. Methods Eighteen clean New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the amniotic stroma(AS) group, rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group with 6 rabbits for each group. Limbal stem cell deficiency models were established by putting a piece of filter paper that had been soaked in a NaOH solution at the corneal center. Rabbit BMSCs were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation combined with the attachment culture method, and human AECs were collected by a sequential trypsin digestion technique,and the third generation rabbit BMSCs and the first generation human AECs were identified with RT-PCR. After that,cells were inoculated onto the denuded AS and grafted to the corneal surface of the experimental animals. Twenty-eight days after cell transplantation, the therapeutic effects were evaluated based on the corneal neovascularization and opacity scores. Corneal histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness among AS,rabbit BMSCs and human AECs on corneal stem cell deficiency. The procedure complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. ResultsThe third generation of rabbit BMSCs grew well after 12 hours, and the first generation of human AECs formed a membrane-like monolayer after 48 hours of incubation on AS. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that, 28 days after transplantation, the surface cells of the cornea were positive for cytokeratin 3 in both the rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group.Compared with the AS group,the corneal neovascularization and opacity grades were significantly decreased in the rabbit BMSCs group( Z=-2. 983, P =0. 003 ; Z =-2. 844, P =0. 004 ) and human AECs group ( Z =-2. 817, P =0. 005 ; Z =-2.041, P =0. 041 ). Histopathological analysis exhibited that stratified corneal epithelial-like cells formed on the corneal stroms 28 days after grafting and no signs of goblet cells and neovascularization were found. Less inflammatory cells and regular collagen fiber could be seen in the rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group. In addition,clinical observation also revealed that the corneas were much clearer in the rabbit BMSCs group than the human A ECs group( Z =-2. 091 , P=0. 037 ), but the corneal neovascularization score was similar between them (Z = -0. 267,P=-0. 789). ConclusionsRabbit BMSCs and human AECs can differentiate into corneal epithelial-like cells onthedamagedcornealsurfaceandfurtherdemonstrateremarkableinhibitoryeffectsoncornealneovascularization and inflammatory cells. The more dominant and prominent effect is the role played by rabbit BMSCsin the improvement of corneal transparency.

Xanthii Fructus is a traditional medicine for the treatment of nasal diseases in clinic, mainly come from the burs of Xanthium sibiricum with a worldwide distribution. By sorting and studying literature of Chinese medicine and comparing different figures recorded with the morphological description of several species from Xanthium (Asteraceae) in the Flora of China, combining the biological investigation in resource survey, the article pointed out that the burs or the whole herbs of X. mongolicum, as well as X. sibiricum, has been used by the traditional Chinese medicine in ancient time. It provides a reference for further studies in the future.
China ; Herbal Medicine ; history ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Xanthium ; anatomy & histology ; classification

The application of Geographical Information System (GIS) and research the application of GIS on Medical Information System were introduced. The function and character of CIS, analysis and control of infectious disease source, application of ambulance dispatcher were recounted. The efficiency of treatment and rescue can be improved in modern information condition. It has played an active role in medical service system and reasonable distribution of medical resources.

Objective To report a retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) by double renal veins.Methods A 28-year-old male patient with left low back pain for 6 months was diagnosed as left hydronephrosis and UPJO.A ureteral stent had been placed 3 months before and failed to improve hydronephrosis,so the ureteral stent was pulled out.CT scan showed that left UPJ went through the two renal veins,suggesting UPJO.Nephrogram showed that left GFR and right GFR were 35 ml/min and 34 ml/min,respectively.These results indicated mechanical obstruction of left upper urinary tract.The patient underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty.Results The surgical procedure was successful.Two left renal veins were found,and the ventral one was in front of ureter,compressing the ureter.An aberrant renal artery went into left kidney with the ureter.0.5 cm stenosis of ureteropelvic junction was excised,and pyeloplasty was performed.A ureteral stent was placed into the ureter,then the pelvis and the ureter were sew up in front of the ventral renal vein.The surgical time was 240 min,and blood loss was 50 ml.Postoperative hospital stay time was 4 d.During 4 months' follow up,hydronephrosis was attenuated significantly.Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for UPJO with aberrant two renal vein might be a minimally-invasive and effective procedure.

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF) and its upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)activation in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)as well as its role in the pathogeneses of RA.Mathods Expression of VEGF and receptor KDR in mononuclear cell(MNC)of synovial fluid of RA patients and controls were determined by Western blot;VEGF levels of supernantants from MNC was determined by ELISA;supernantants from KDR~+ MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients collected after incubation in serum-free medium with or without VEGF, their activity of MMP-2 was measured by gelatinolytic zymography;Boyden chamber-matrigel in vitro invasion assay was used to detect the invasive capacity in vitro in KDR~+ MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients incubat- ed with or without VEGF.Results The expressions of VEGF/KDR in MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients were significantly higher than those of controls;the MMP-2 activity and invasive ability of co-cuhured KDR~+ MNC with VEGF was higher than those of without VEGF.Conclusion VEGF upregulates MMP-2 activation and promotes invasion of MNC of synovial fluid of RA patients by interacting with receptor KDR,indicating that VEGF plays an important role in RA pathology.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),as a noninvasive technology of measuring human brain function,has been used in neurolingustic research on normal subjects and on patients with brain damage,to investigate the neural basis underlying language processing.Such studies complement and development the classical knowledge accumulated on aphasia,provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of aphasia and the plasticity of recovery from aphasia,and might be helpful to evaluate the capability of language functional recovery and the efficiency of rehabilitative strategies also.

Objective To determine the value of detection of H ras oncogene mutation in urine exfoliated cells as clinical indicator of tumor presence, recurrence and stage.Methods Point mutation at codon 12 of H ras gene was assayed by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of single strand conformation polymorphism in urine exfoliated cells from 48 patients with transitional cell carcinoma before operation and 28 patients with non urothelial cancer or normal individuals. The mutation was further confirmed by dideoxy mediated chain termination method of DNA sequencing. Cytology analysis was carried out simultaneously. Bladder tumor specimens were obtained from 48 patients during operation, and histologically elevated for tumor content and grading.Results 48%(23 of 48) of the patients were detected by their aberrant band in SSCP. All aberrant bands displayed a mutant H ras sequence, where 15% (7 of 48) of the patients displayed, apositive cytological analysis. Analysis of abnormalities with tumor stage revealed that the greater detection of high pathological stage (Ⅲ Ⅳ) compared with low stage (Ⅰ Ⅱ) was related to the recurrence of transitional cell carcinoma.Conclusion Our results suggest that the detection of H ras mutations may be of clinical value in the detection of TCC.

Objective:To assess the discrepancy between preoperative needle biopsy (NB)Gleason score and pathological specimen Gleason score (GS)after radical prostatectomy,and to explore the risk factors of postoperative upgrading of GS.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated 160 patients who suf-fered from biopsy proved prostatic carcinoma and performed radical prostatectomy.Age of the patients was 57 -82 years,with the average age of 71.6;prebiopsy prostate specific antigen (PSA)was 0.31 -40.32 μg/L,with the average PSA of 11.29 μg/L;body mass index (BMI)was 16.41 -32.04 kg/m2 , with the average BMI of 23.63 kg/m2;prostate volume (PV)was 9.52 -148.46 mL,with the average PV of 40.19 mL.All the patients included in the study had complete information for clinical variables, including age,BMI,prebiopsy PSA level,PV,number of biopsy cores obtained,percentage,clinical stage,and biopsy GS.Grading of NB Gleason score was compared with their corresponding radical pros-tatectomy specimens,and the discrepancy between the NB and prostatectomy specimens GS assessed. Upgrading was defined as any increase in the pathological GS over that of the biopsy GS as a total sum of primary and secondary grades or a change in the order of primary and secondary grades towards higher ones.Univariable and multivariable Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of patho-logical grading changes.Results:Of the 160 patients,the specimen GS was upgraded in 49 (30.6%) patients and remained with no change in 82 (51.3%)patients.Univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that prostate volume and biopsy GS were independent predictors with postoperative upgra-ding of GS.Age,BMI,PSA before needle biopsy,clinical stage and needle number showed no statistical significance (P >0.05).Conclusion:Lower biopsy GS and smaller prostate volume are increased risks for clinically upgrading of GS after radical prostatectomy.This fact should be kept in mind when deciding on therapy decisions for patients with prostate cancer.