Objective To explore the feasibility and advantages of establishment of retrograde amnesia (RA) model in mice with such methods as electric shock,anoxia,and anesthesia.Methods Kunming mice were divided into control group and 5 treatment groups,including treatments with electric shock,anoxia,propofol,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol.At first,every group received the same dark avoidance training to establish the behavior of dark avoidance,then the 5 treatment groups were treated with the methods of 120-180 V electric shock,anoxia within a closed container,intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mL of propofol,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol,respectively.Next day,step-in latency (Lat) of mousse were measured with the dark chamber in all groups and changes of dark avoidance behavior were analyzed.Results The Lat in the control group 24 h after dark avoidance training was (111.7+17.2) s.In the treatment groups of electric shock,anoxia,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol,significantly shortened Lat,which limited to 30 s in some mice 24 hatter corresponding treatment,was observed as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05).Except for the propofol treatment group did not changed obviously,the incidence rate of shortened Lat was 43.8%,45.4%,66.7% and 60% in the electric shock treatment group,anoxia treatment group,electric shock+anoxia treatment group,and electric shock+propofol treatment group,respectively.On the 5th and 8th d,some mice recovered from the shortened Lat.Conclusion RA model can be established successfully in some mice treated with electric shock,anoxia,electric shock+anoxia,electric shock+propofol and the highest modeling rate was found in the electric shock+anoxia treatment group.RA can recover in the later stage in some modeling mice and use of pmplfol alone call not induce RA.

[Objective]To study the clinical efficacy of embolization in treating cerebral arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) using a new liquid embolic agent,FuAiLe medical adhesive (FAL,main ingredients:α-octyl cyanoacrylate and α-butyl cyanoacrylate).[Methods]Femoral artery was catheterized under local anesthesia,and then superselective catheterization to intracranial lesions were obtained using marathon 1.3F microcatheter.Fifteen cerebral AVMs were embolized by FAL.The diameter of AVMs was larger than 6 cm in 4 cases,3-6 cm in 7 cases and smaller than 3 cm in 4 cases.Single blood supply was observed in 3 cases,2 blood supplies in 5 cases and 3 blood supplies in 7 cases.Surgical ablation was applied after embolization in 3 cases,and gamma knife treatment was applied after embolization in 2 cases,[Results] A total of 26-time embolization was obtained in 15 patients;more than 80％ embolization was achieved in 8 cases,including 5 with complete embolization;and 50％-80％ embolization was achieved in 5 cases;less than 50％ embolization was achieved in only 2 cases.No serious complication associated with embolization was noted in all patients.[Conclusion] It is safe and effective for FAL to treat cerebral AVMs and FAL may be an ideal embolic agent.

AIMTo detect effect of the different frequency of chronic electrical stimulation (CES) on myofibrillar isoform, myosin heavy chain (MHC) and metabolic enzyme activities.

METHODSThe histochemical method and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were respectively employed.

RESULTS(1)There were a significant increase in I myo-fibrillar isoform and I MHC isoform and decrease in II B myofibrillar isoform and II B MHC isoforms in the chronic low frequency electrical stimulation (CLFES) 10 Hz and 20 Hz groups, but opposite results were found in the chronic high frequency electrical stimulation (CHFES) 50 Hz and 100 Hz groups. (2) There were a significant increase in the aerobic-oxidative enzyme activities and capacity, and a concomitant significant drop in glycolysis enzyme activities in CLFES groups, but opposite results were found in CHFES 50 Hz and 100 Hz groups.

CONCLUSIONIt was suggested that there was a significant dependent relation between chronic electrical stimulation frequency and myofibrilla isoforms, myosin heavy chain (MHC) and metabolic enzyme activities.

Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Diaphragm ; enzymology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Muscle Contraction ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; metabolism ; Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB ; metabolism ; Protein Isoforms ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway in cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human ovarian carcinoma cells.

METHODSCisplatin-induced apoptosis were stained with DAPI and was assessed microscopically in human epithelial adenocarcinoma ovarian cell line SKOV3 cells. ERK activation was determined by Western blotting using an anti-phospho-ERK antibody to detect ERK activity. The effect of PD98059 on ERK activity induced by cisplatin was detected by MTT assay.

RESULTSMarked apoptosis of SKOV3 cells resulted from 48 hours treatment with 20 microg/mL cisplatin. Strong activation of ERK was led to by 15 microg/mL cisplatin. Dose response and time course of cisplatin induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. Cisplatin-induced ERK activation occurred at 12 hours and increased to highest induction at 24 hours by Western blotting. The effect of PD 98059 on ERK activity induced by cisplatin at the concentration of 100 micromol/L PD 98059. Statistically significant decreased in cell survival were observed with 100 micromol/L PD 98059 at 15 and 20 microg/mL cisplatin (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCisplatin activates the ERK signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3. Inhibition of ERK activity enhances sensitivity to cisplatin cytotoxity in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3. Evaluation of ERK activity could be useful in predicting which ovarian cancer will response most favorably to cisplatin therapy.

Adenocarcinoma ; enzymology ; pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Female ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Signal Transduction

To develop a Huntington’s disease(HD) cell model in vitro to screen drugs targeting the aggregation of polyQ,different length of CAG repeat fragments were amplified by random primer PCR, identified by DNA sequencing and were fused to the N-terminus of CAT in the pCAR system respectively which had been constructed and identified before. Recombinant plasmids were transformed into and induced to express in the host E.coli. SDS-PAGE and chloramphenicol resistance test were done to determine the solubility of the polyQ and chloramphenicol resistance levels of the fusions. With different length of CAG repeat fragments cloned and expressed in the CAT-fusion protein reporting system, it is found that when the length of the fragments increased over 40, their encoding polyQ expressed as insoluble protein and chloramphenicol resistance levels are lower, while under 40, the polyQ expressed as soluble ones and chloramphenicol resistance levels are higher. A in vitro HD model that could minimize the pathological process of the HD thus has been developed. With which by measure the recombinant bacteria’s resistance to chloramphenicol, the polyQ’ solubility and folding state in vitro by quality and quantity could be determined. Thus this model can be used to screen drugs or bioactivity materials that can inhibit aggregation of the polyQ, which thereby shedding new light on the prevent, diagnosis and therapy of HD.

Objective To evaluate diagnosis and preoperative management of cases with interrupted aortic arch(IAA)in infancy.Methods Fifty-three infants who were admitted to our hospital from Jan.2001 to Nov.2007 were involved.Clinical data,findings of echocardiogram(Echo),spiral CT,MRI,angiocardiography,preoperative management,surgical repair and postoperative outcome were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 38 boys and 15 girls,weighted 2.18-10.0(4.32?1.60)kg,aged 1 day to 12(3.05?3.53)months,of which 50.94% were neonates.Symptoms at presentation were 90.57% with tachypnea and 83.02% with difficulty in feeding.Eighty three point zero two percentage cases had different degree of congestive heart failure,37.74% of which were in grade Ⅲ heart function.All cases had weakened femoral pulse.All cases were performed Echo,38 cases of them diagnosed as IAA,6 cases as IAA or severe coarctation of aorta(CoA);they were diagnosed as IAA by CT,and 9 as severe CoA who were diagnosed as IAA via CT or operation.Thirty-three cases were performed CT,of which 15 underwent surgical repair,cardiovascular abnormalities revealed by CT were the same as those in surgical findings.Three cases were taken MRI,and 7 cases were performed angiocardiography.According to the results of Echo,CT,MRI,angiocardiography and surgical findings,35 cases were type A,15 cases were type B and 3 cases were type C.Preoperative treatment included maintaining patent ductus areriosis,management of heart failure and supportive treatment.After proper preoperative management of medication,most cases with congestive heart failure were improved.Twenty-six cases underwent surgical repair,16 survived,10 died du-ring perioperative stage.Main cause of death was severe low cardiac output.Conclusions Value of Echo in diagnosis of IAA is limi-ted.Combination of Echo with CT or MRI is a convenient and safe way to diagnose IAA,it can replace the traditional method of Echo combined with angiocardiography.Proper preoperative management is helpful to patients with IAA to pass to surgical repair,and makes for successful operation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of nasal cavity expansion surgery on the abnormal blood supply of the cerebral arterial system.

METHODSFifty-nine inpatients with abnormal blood supply of cerebral arterial system confirmed by transcranial doppler (TCD) and chronic nasal obstructive diseases were included in this study. All patients accepted nasal cavity expansion surgery and were followed-up with TCD every month after operation until TCD became normal, or up to seven months even if the TCD was still abnormal. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSIn all 59 patients, there were 164 TCD-abnormal cerebral arteries. Among them, 37 patients(62.71%) with abnormal TCD arteries became normal within 1 to 7 months after operation, 8 patients (13.56 %) got better, but 14 patients (23.73 %) did not improve.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal blood flow of some cerebral arteries was possibly induced by increasing the activation of sympathetic nervous system around the vertebral arterial system, caused by chronic nasal obstruction. Nasal dilatancy surgery can improve the blood supplement of the cerebral arterial system.

Blood Flow Velocity ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value and safety of flexible bronchoscopy in congenital great vessel diseases complicated with airway compression.

METHODThe medical records of patients with great vessels abnormalities who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from October 2005 to June 2009 were retrospectively reviewed; 34 cases were diagnosed as airway compression by flexible bronchoscopy, 10 cases as vascular ring, 24 cases as aortal arch obstruction. The age of the patients was 6 d - 11 m, body weight 2.2 - 8.7 kg [(4.6 +/- 1.4) kg]. Recorded airway abnormalities detected by bronchoscopy and CT, cardiac vascular defects and airway compression were consistent with the findings on operation. The relation between the airway compression and cardiac vascular abnormalities, treatment of the airway compression and outcome were analysed.

RESULTBronchoscopic assessment was successfully performed in NICU or operating room for all the patients. (1) Initial presentation of the 34 cases were tachypnea, stridor, refractory lung infection and prolonged mechanical ventilation. (2) Extrinsic compression was found in all the 10 cases with vascular ring by bronchoscopy initially which indicated vascular ring, airway compression was mainly of lower part of trachea. Diagnosis of 9 cases was consistent with CT diagnosis and in 1 case the diagnosis was confirmed by surgery; among these cases, 7 had congenital tracheal stenosis. (3) In the 24 cases with aortic obstructive lesion, 5 were detected to have tracheal stenosis by CT before correction of vascular abnormality, among whom one case was indicated to have tracheal stenosis by bronchoscopy, the other 19 cases were found with airway compression by bronchoscopy during or after vascular correction. Among the 24 cases, 21 had left main bronchial stenosis, 2 had congenital tracheal stenosis. Airway compression diagnosed by bronchoscopy agreed with the findings of CT. Two cases developed transient decrease of oxygen saturation, 5 cases developed transient tachycardia.

CONCLUSIONFlexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in assessment of the airway compression complicated with great vessel abnormalities. Bronchoscopy is an accurate, convenient, safe and rapid way for airway assessment, but further examination of the peripheral structure and vascular malformation need combined examination with CT.

Airway Obstruction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Malformations ; complications ; diagnosis

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli from retail raw chickens in different provinces of China.A total of 1 152 whole chicken samples were collected and screened for the prevalence of E.coli,and then the E.coli isolates were further tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility using agar dilution method.Results showed that the overall positive rate for E.coli in retail chickens was 65.97％ (760/1 152);resistance was most common to nalidixic acid (66.84％),followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (66.05％),tetracycline (65.00％),trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.16 ％),ampicillin (60.66 ％),amoxicillin (51.32 ％),streptomycin (50.39 ％),chloramphenicol (48.32 ％),kanamycin (38.29 ％),gentamicin (26.31％),ciprofloxacin (25.79 ％) and cefoxitin (21.05 ％).The last were gatifloxacin,cefoperazone and amikacin (each ＜20％).Overall,70.53％ of the isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobials.A large proportion of multidrug resistant isolates were resistant to 8 kinds of antimicrobials (10.26 ％).No strain was resistant to 15 kinds of antimicrobials.Furthermore,isolates recovered from different regions exhibited different resistance levels to most antimicrobials.Our findings indicate that retail chicken in China was commonly contaminated with E.coli,and many E.coli strains exhibited multiple drug resistance.Presence of multiple drug E.coli in raw chickens may pose a potential threat to human health.

Objective To explore the expression characteristics of cytochrome P450(CYP)candidate genes(CYP6M3, CYP6Y1,CYP6P5,CYP4H14,CYP4G17,CYP12F16)in Anopheles sinensis.Methods The samples were collected from dif-ferent developmental stages(eggs,larvae,pupae and adult mosquitoes(females and males)),and different tissues(salivary glands,malpighian tubes,midguts,ovaries,and fat bodies)of An.sinensis and the female adult mosquitoes exposed by differ-ent insecticide doses(0,1.25,3.75,6.25,12.5μg/bottle)and time points(0,5,15,30,60 minutes),then the total RNA was extracted. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qPCR)assay was used to analyze the relative expressions of six CYP genes in An.sinensis at different developmental stages,tissues and different insecticide exposure doses and time.Results The expressions of CYP6M3 and CYP6Y1 in the male adult mosquitoes were the highest,the expression of CYP6M3 gene in the males was 35.1 times higher than that in the females,the expression of CYP6Y1 in the males was 61.4 times higher than that in the females;the expression level of CYP4H14 in the larvae was the lowest,the expression of CYP4H14 in the females was 22.5 times higher than that in the fourth instar larvae.The expressions of candidate CYP genes in different tissues of An.sinensis were significantly different,the expression of CYP6M3 in the malpighian tubule was 38.9 times higher than that in the ovary,the ex-pression of CYP6Y1 in the fatbody was 9.1 times higher than that in the ovary,the expression of CYP4G17 was 4.6 times higher than that in the ovary,and the expression of CYP12F16 was 4.4 times higher thanthat in the ovary.The exposure to different in-secticide doses and time showed some induction effects in the expressions of candidate CYP genes,which affected the expres-sions of candidate CYP genes in An.sinensis.Conclusion The expression of candidate CYP genes varies significantly in differ-ent developmental stages and various tissues of An.sinensis,and exposure to deltamethrin at various doses and time points af-fects CYP genes expression in An.sinensis.