To set standards for histomorphological studies on Lysimachia fortunei, an efficacious and widely applied folk medicine in this study, in order to develop its resources. Its species were identified by observing plant morphology and herbs appearance characters, preparing slices with routine methods and defining structural characters. According to the results of morphologic observation, leaves, stamen and pistil of this plant were different from the descriptions in Flora of China. The whole herb can be used in medicines, mainly including rhizomes, stems and leaves. According to the findings in the first study on microscopic structures, its rhizomes, stems and leaves were characteristic and worth identifying. The transaction tissue structures of rhizomes and stems were under developed and contained endodermis, secretory structures; Stems had sclerenchymata of different shapes of sclereids; Leaves were bifacial and had vascular bundles under midribs, which were surrounded by parenchymal sheathes. On the surface of leaves, stomata, glandular hairs and keratin lines were morphologically different in upper and lower epidermis. The herbal power had glandular hairs, sclereids and vessels. In conclusion, herbs of L. fortunei can be identified by the above histomorphological characteristics, which lays a foundation for further development and application of L. fortunei.
Medicine, Traditional ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plant Stems ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Primulaceae ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

There are 250 species of Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) in the world. This genus distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Alkaloids are the major and representative ingredients in these plants including quinolines, isoquinolines, and amide alkaloids, with such biological activities as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-virus, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-bacteria and anti- oxidant. These species have been used for a long time to treat toothache, urinary and venereal diseases, lumbago and rheumatism. This review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities from the Z. sppplants, in an effort to the systematic research and application of the alkaloids of this genus.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate feasibility of flap fenestration in management of the condition that a stent-graft is wrongly deployed in false lumen of aortic dissection.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on a case of Stanford type B aortic dissection who was confirmed that the stent-graft had been wrongly deployed in false lumen of aortic dissection by CT angiography (CTA) after endovascular repair.Thereafter,an additional surgical management was carried out.At length,flap fenestration at 2 cm below pre-deployed stent-graft was performed using an Outback catheter so as to link false and true lumens.Successively,another stent-graft was placed via the access to draw blood flow from false lumen back to true lumen and then coil embolization was performed for distal breach of the dissection.Results Surgery was carried out under local anesthesia,with operation duration of 170 minutes and intraoperative blood loss of 350 ml.The chest and back pain disappeared after operation.The patient commenced to take food and take off-bed activity at the very day of operation in absence of paraplegia,visceral ischemia,or other complications.Aortic CTA at postoperative one week showed ideal positioning of stent-graft,fluent blood flow of aorta and major visceral artery,and vanishing of false lumen.Conclusions Flap fenestration at far-end of pre-deployed stent-graft so as to draw blood flow back to true lumen by connecting the new placed stent graft to pre-deployed stent-graft is an effective treatment for mis-deployment of stentgraft in false lumen of aortic dissection.Outback catheter for flap fenestration is characterized by accurate location and high safety.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of 99Tcm-MIBI gated G-MPI in detecting the myocardial damage in sarcoglycanopathy.Methods 99 Tcm - MIBI G - MPI was performed in 8 patients (3 males,5 females,age ranged from 10 to 30 y) with sarcoglycanopathy confirmed by clinical results and molecular pathology and 4 healthy persons as control group.Quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) software was used for processing and interpretation.Myocardium of left ventricle was divided into 7 segments and 20 subsegments.A five-point scoring system was used to evaluate the myocardial damage.Results Seven patients showed positive results in G-MPI (7/8).Fifty-nine sub-segments of injured myocardium were detected in the 140 sub-segments of 7 abnormal patients.One abnormal segment was observed in 1 patient,two abnormal segments were detected in 2 patients,and ≥3 abnormal segments were observed in 4 patients.Enlarged left ventricles were detected in 5 patients (5/8),and the LVEF of 3 patients among them decreased to (43.1 ±2.8)％.Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI G-MPI can detect myocardial damage in sarcoglycanopathy as a direct and non-invasive method,and can be used in the early diagnosis and long-term follow-up in sarcoglycanopathy.

OBJECTIVETo verify the pharmacological hypothesis of prescriptions by studying the targeted distribution of major components in stewed rhubarb in the rat model with acute pancreatitis (AP).

METHODNormal SD rats (control group, n = 5) and the AP model induced with intraperitoneal cerulein (model group, n = 5) were taken as the experimental objects. Rats of the two groups were orally administered with stewed rhubarb granules (20 g x kg(-1)). Their heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and pancreas were collected two hours after the administration. Such constituents as emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, rhein and aloe-emodin and their concentrations in each tissue homogenate were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass-mass.

RESULTAloe-emodin and physcion in stewed rhubarb whose concentrations in liver and kidney of normal rats were higher than that in pancreatic tissues, while the distribution spectrums and concentrations of the remaining components in pancreatic tissues had no significant difference with that of other organs. The concentrations of emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein and chrysophanol in stewed rhubarb in pancreatic tissues of the AP model group were higher than that in other tissues and organs, while their concentrations in pancreatic, renal and splenic tissues were notably higher than that in the normal group.

CONCLUSIONIn the conditions of AP, effective components in stewed rhubarb show a targeted distribution feature in pancreas, which provides experimental basis for the pharmacological hypothesis of prescriptions.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Organ Specificity ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) in inhibiting the inflammatory reaction in Chinese mini-swine with coronary atherosclerosis.

METHODTotally 36 Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Shujiangzhi group and TYTZ groups with does of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g x kg(-1), and six each in every group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary atherosclerosis model. In the 8th week after the operation and administration, the intravascular ultrasound was adopted to observe the coronary artery plaque burden of each group and the pathological morphology of coronary artery. Such inflammatory factors as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation was observed by the immunohistochemical method.

RESULTCompared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant increase in the coronary artery plaque burden at the end of the experiment (P < 0.01), notably abnormal structural changes in atherosclerotic vascular tissues, luminal stenosis, a large number of foam cells and inflammatory cell infiltration, remarkable growth of hs-CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels (P < 0.01). The immunohistochemical staining also showed the significant increase in the NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation of coronary artery of Chinese mini-swine in the model group. Compared with the model group, TYTZ could significantly attenuate atherosclerotic plaque burden (P < 0.01), inhibit the coronary luminal stenosis, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, decrease such inflammatory cell factors as hs-CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in serum, and inhibit the NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation of coronary artery (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTYTZ can reduce the downstream inflammatory reaction by controlling NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation, so as to inhibit the occurrence and development of coronary atherosclerotic plaque in Chinese mini-swine.

Animals ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Inflammation ; complications ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mucous Membrane ; drug effects ; secretion ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

The effect of gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R) on gastric mucosal cellular apoptosis and proliferation was investigated using histological, immunohistochemical methods in Sprague-Dawley rats. The GI-R model was established by clamping the celiac artery for 30 min and reperfusing for 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 h, respectively. Mild gastric mucosal injury was induced by ischemia alone. However, the injury worsened and reached the maximum at 1 h after reperfusion, almost simultaneously with the gastric mucosal cellular apoptosis increase and cellular proliferation decrease in gastric mucosa. Then, gastric mucosal cells began to repair by increasing gastric cellular proliferation, which achieved the maximum at 24 h after reperfusion. The mucosal lesions were almost completely repaired at about 72 h after reperfusion. These results indicate that the gastric mucosal injury after GI-R is mainly induced by reperfusion. The damaged gastric mucosa could initiate its repairing mechanism immediately through inhibiting cellular apoptosis and increasing the number of proliferative cells, which substitute the damaged cells gradually. The plerosis almost completes in three days after reperfusion showing a strong self-repair ability of gastric mucosa.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; physiology ; Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; physiology ; Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; blood supply ; pathology ; physiology

Objective To investigate the expression and function of integrin-iinked kinase (ILK) in the transdifferentiation process of primary tubular epithelial cell( TEC) and its effect on the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the aging process. Methods Primary TEC was cultured from kidneys of male Wistar rats aged 3 and 24 months. Then the primary TEC was stimulated by TGF-? at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 20-40/?g/L for 24 h. The TEC expressions of ?-SMA,ILK and F-actin were detected by immunocytochemistry or indirect immunofluorescence. FN or ILK protein expression levels were tested by Western-blot. DIG-labelled cRNA probe of rat ILK in situ hybridization was obtained by transcription in vitro, with which ILK expression level and the location of TEC were detected. Results ?-SMA expression levels were very low in young or aging rat TEC on the base situation, no significant difference was found between the two groups. However, ILK and F-actin levels in 24 months group were higher than in 3 months group. Along with increasing concentration of TGF-?, ?-SMA, ILK and F-actin levels were increased. The expression of ILK was associated with F-actin expression. FN and ILK expression levels were significantly lower in 3 monthsrats TEC than in 24 monthsrats, P

Objective To analyze and compare the imaging features of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma(CCRC)with pathologic findings in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods The data of CT and MRI of 12 patients with CCRC were reviewed retrospectively.Ten patients underwent CT examination,including precontrast scan,the contrast eortieomedullary phase scan and the parenchymal phase scan(one patient without corticomedullary phase scan).Two patients underwent MR examination including precontrast T_1WI,T_2WI and enhanced T_1WI of the corticomedullary phase and the parenchymal phase.Results Four lesions located in left kidney and eight in right kidney.Maximum diameter of lesions ranged from 24 mm to 125 mm,average 56.7 ram.Homogenous density was observed in six lesions of ten on unenhanced CT scan and five lesions had homogenous enhancement on enhanced CT scan,which was due to the less incidence of necrosis,liquefaction and hemorrhage on pathologic findings.Nine Lesions showed hyperdense compared with renal medulla but the density was lower than renal cortex on the corticomedullary phase.The enhanced degree was positively correlated with microvessel density(MVD).All ten lesions became hypodense compared with renal medulla on the parenchymal phase scan.Central stellate scar was found in two big lesions and psudocapsula were observed in four lesions confirmed by pathology.Two patients underwent MRI examination.Compared with medulla,the two lesions showed hyperintense on unenhanced T_1WI and obviously hypointense on unenhaneed T_2WI.The enhancement pattern of them was similar to CT. Conclusion The imaging features of CCRC,such as homogeneity,special enhancement pattern and distinct hypointensity on T_2WI,help to differentiate CCRC from other renal tumors.

AIM : To construct and analyze eukaryotic expression plasmid inserted by Cx50 with V64G mutation through bioinformatics software.METHODS: The full coding domain sequence of Cx50 with V64G mutation was acquired from the blood of patients with cataract and was cloned into pcDNA3.1 /Amp (+).The constructed plasmid was identified with PCR , enzyme digestion and sequencing. The analysis of Cx50 with V64G mutation was performed with bioinformatics software.RESULTS : Cx50 with V64G mutation was successfully amplified and its eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed. Valine-64 is well conserved in the first extracellular loop of connexin 50 in different species and also in different human α -type gap junctional proteins.CONCLUSION : The successive reconstruction and verification of eukaryotic expression plasmid containing Cx50 with V64G mutation established the foundation for further studying the mechanism of cataract.