OBJECTIVETo study the preparation of phenols gastric floating tablet.

METHODThe tablets which were prepared using Eudragit IV, HPMC(K4M), MCC101 and Octadecanol as excipients were evaluated by vitro floatation and releasing performance. The pressure of preparationg was also study to select the optimal preparation.

RESULTThe tablets were successfully prepared in which the drug, Eudragit IV, Octadecanol were 31% respectively,and MCC101 was 7%. And 3-4 kg was found to be the eligible pressure.

CONCLUSIONThe study was found to be effective in the process of phenols gastric floating tablet.

Drug Carriers ; Excipients ; chemistry ; Gastrointestinal Agents ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; chemistry ; Tablets ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To discuss the histology change,apoptosis state and Bcl-2,Bax expression after the bone cement leakage into the intervertebral disc in vertebroplasty.Methods Eight majority canis familiaris were studied.Three lumbar intervertebral discs(L2 to L5)in each dog were randomly classified into three groups(control group,PMMA group,and CPC group),the canine discs were stabbed by 18-gauge needle,and 0.1 ml cement was injected into them.Control discs were only stabbed and injected with nothing.Histology of all discs was studied 24 weeks after the operation.Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and immunohistochemisty were used to detect apoptosis and Bcl-2,Bax expression in the discs.The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0.Results Intervertebral disc degeneration was not found in control groups.In bone cement groups,however,ruptured or serpentine patterned fibers,decreased cellularity of the nucleus pulposus and condensed matrix of the nucleus pulposus were found in histologic results.The Bax protein decreased in the order of control group, CPC group,and PMMA group.However,the Bcl-2 protein increased in the order of control group,CPC group,and PMMA group.The histology grade was significantly different among the three groups under ANOVA analysis(P

Objective To investigate the temperature variation within intra-spinal canal and intra-spinal tumor during percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure for vertebral tumor in experimental rabbits. Methods Eight New Zealand white rabbits were transplanted with VX2 carcinoma in the lumbar vertebral body by percutaneous puncture inoculation technique under CT guidance in order to set up vertebral tumor models. The eight vertebral tumor models were treated with RFA under CT guidance. The temperature within the spinal canal and vertebral tumor of rabbits was measured and recorded every 30 seconds during the RFA treatment. The results were statistically analyzed by paired sampled t text. Results The intra-tumor temperature rose to 90℃ rapidly and remained stable during the whole RFA procedure, whereas the temperature in the spinal canal exceeded 42℃ when treatment time was over three minutes during the procedure. Statistically significant difference in the temperature level during RFA existed between the spinal canal and the vertebral tumor (P < 0.05). Conclusion The temperature in the vertebral tumor of rabbit can quickly reach to the therapeutic level during RFA. Prolonging operative time of RFA may hurt the nerve due to high temperature.

BACKGROUNDPseudoaneurysms (PAs) are common vascular abnormalities predominantly arising from a disruption in the integrity of the arterial wall. The potential complications of PAs are usually unpredictable and carry high rates of morbidity and mortality. This paper presents our experience with various treatment strategies for PAs.

METHODSFifty-four patients with 55 PAs were diagnosed by non-invasive imaging examination. The etiology of PAs included trauma (33/55), infection (5/55), iatrogenic (6/55), and idiopathic (11/55). Different procedures including ultrasound (US)-guided compression, endovascular treatment, and surgery were performed depending on the location of PAs, size of the sac and neck, and characteristics of the donor artery. The methods of endovascular treatment included embolization of parent artery, the PA sac, or implantation of a stent-graft. Follow-up was performed using US or CT and ranged from 1 day to 24 months (average 16.7 months).

RESULTSIn all 54 patients, 3 patients with superficial PAs were treated by US-guided compression, while 44 patients with 45 PAs located in the head and neck (n = 20), viscera (n = 10) or extremities (n = 15) were treated by endovascular treatment. Nine patients with PAs located in the head and neck (n = 2) or extremities (n = 7) were treated by surgery. Among them, one patient underwent endovascular treatment combined with surgery and 1 was treated by surgery after unsuccessful US-guided compression. In the 3 patients treated with US-guided compression, 2 were successfully treated while the remaining patient required additional surgery. Primary technical success of endovascular management was 97.7% (43/44) and the cure rate was 95.5% (42/44). In the surgery group, 4 patients recovered well, 1 patient was cured by endovascular treatment combined with surgery, 2 cases underwent amputation, 1 patient died of multi-organ failure and 1 patient was paralysed.

CONCLUSIONSMinimally invasive interventional techniques are established treatment methods for PA with favorable success rates and minimal morbidity. The therapeutic options should be tailored to the location, size and rupture risk of PA, condition of the donor artery and existing comorbidity.

Adult ; Aneurysm, False ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDLow back pain (LBP) is a major medical and social problem among working populations and is associated with high medical expense, loss of productivity, and disability. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of LBP among soldiers and evaluate the possible causative factors in military training. The results may provide an insight into changes needed in military training that will reduce the occurrence of LBP among soldiers.

METHODSA cross-sectional survey was conducted in a group of young soldiers in China to estimate the prevalence of LBP and evaluate possible causative factors in military training.

RESULTSThe survey was distributed to 1659 soldiers, of whom 1624 responded. LBP was reported by 425 of the 1624 (26.2%) soldiers. The prevalence of LBP was higher in the armored force (51.3%) than in the artillery (27.5%) or infantry (11.9%). A multivariate logical regression analysis identified night training, 5 km cross-country race, and grenade-throwing training as military training risk factors for LBP.

CONCLUSIONSThe relatively high incidence of LBP among soldiers was related to night training, 5 km racing, and grenade throwing. Modifications in these training methods should enhance the health of recruits and lower the incidence of LBP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; epidemiology ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDPulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation plays an important role in pulmonary vessel structural remodelling. At present, the mechanisms related to proliferation of PASMCs are not clear. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a widely expressed nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase. Recent research indicates that FAK is implicated in signalling pathways which regulate cytoskeletal organization, adhesion, migration, survival and proliferation of cells. Furthermore, there are no reports about the role of FAK in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). We investigated whether FAK takes part in the intracellular signalling pathway involved in HPASMCs proliferation and apoptosis, by using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to selectively suppress the expression of FAK protein.

METHODSCultured HPASMCs stimulated by fibronectin (40 microg/ml) were passively transfected with ODNs, sense FAK, mismatch sense and antisense-FAK respectively. Expression of FAK, Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK 2) and caspase-3 proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blots. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. In addition, cytoplasmic FAK expression was detected by immunocytochemical staining.

RESULTSWhen compared with mismatch sense group, the protein expressions of FAK, JNK and CDK 2 in HPASMCs decreased in antisense-FAK ODNs group and increased in sense-FAK ODNs group significantly. Caspase-3 expression upregulated in HPASMCs when treated with antisense ODNs and downregulated when treated with sense ODNs. When compared with mismatch sense ODNs group, the proportion of cells at G1 phase decreased significantly in sense ODNs group, while the proportion of cells at S phase increased significantly. In contrast, compared with mismatch sense ODNs group, the proportion of cells at G1 phase was increased significantly in antisense-FAK ODNs group. The level of cell apoptosis in antisense-FAK group was higher than in the mismatch sense group and the latter was higher than sense-FAK group. In addition, the sense-FAK ODNs group was strongly stained by immunocytochemistry, whereas the antisense-FAK ODNs group was weakly stained.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that FAK relates to the proliferation of HPASMCs. Antisense-FAK ODNs inhibit HPASMCs proliferation and facilitate their apoptosis. It is possible that FAK via JNK, CDK 2 signalling pathways enhances HPASMCs proliferation and via caspase-3 inhibits HPASMCs apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; analysis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; analysis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; analysis ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; physiology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; analysis ; physiology ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of distal tibiofibular synostosis on ankle function.

METHODSFrom October 1998 to October 2004, a total of 281 consecutive patients underwent operations because of ankle fractures or distal fractures of the tibia and fibula. Distal tibiofibular synostosis occurred after operation in 8 patients. The duration of follow-up averaged 20.6 months (14-44 months). The ankle function was assessed on the basis of functional rating system described by Mazur.(1)

RESULTSAccording to Mazur's ankle evaluation system, 4 patients achieved an excellent result, 2 a good result and 2 a fair result. The dorsiflexion of the synostosis ankle reduced by 8.26 degrees as compared with that of the contralateral ankle, and there was little influence on the plantar flexion. All the patients had a normal gait.

CONCLUSIONThe distal tibiofibular synostosis after the operation of ankle fractures or distal fractures of the tibia and fibula usually gives rise to few symptoms and needs no specific treatment.

Adult ; Ankle Injuries ; physiopathology ; Ankle Joint ; physiopathology ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To optimize ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract as evaluation indexes, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process. With the inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix was extracted for 8 hours with 8 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The validation experiments of extraction of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract were 1.23 mL and 0.387 9 mg/g. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g) was 1:8;inclusion temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hours. The validation experiments of inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion were 74.89% and 72.81%. Conclusion Optimum ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are feasible and stable, witch can provide certain supporting data for preparation production.

Objective To optimize the extraction and alcohol precipitation process of Qizhi Yifei Granules by multi index orthogonal experiment. Methods With extraction rate of astragaloside in Astragali Radix, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentian diglucoside in Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen and yield rate of dry extract as indexes, the extraction process of Qizhi Yifei Granules was optimized. Taking the retention rate of astragaloside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose-7-O-β-D-gentian diglucoside as indexes, the alcohol precipitation process was optimized. Results The best water extraction process was as follows: adding 10 times amount of water, extracting for 1.5 h, 3 times. The optimum alcohol precipitation process was: concentrated to the relative density of 1.05–1.10 (60 ℃), adding ethanol to 60％ and alcohol precipitation. Conclusion The optimized extraction and alcohol precipitation process is stable and feasible, which can provide the basis for the preparation.

Bone Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Epidermal Cyst ; etiology ; surgery ; Femur ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; complications