Coptis chinensis is widely used as Chinese medicine herbs and serious soil problems occur after continual cultivation of this medicinal plant. In the preset experiment, fibrous root extract of C. chinensis (REC) was added into soil to study the effect of REC on microbes and enzyme activity in soil. The results showed that both bacteria and actinomycetes decreased by about 2 times in contrast to fungi, which increased by about 3 folds. Phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, azotobacter, ammonia bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria were also reduced significantly by REC, suggesting the inhibition of nitrogen biofixation and supply, mobilization of phosphorus and potassium, ad plant growth promotion as REC added into soil. There were multiple influences of REC on soil enzyme activities. Invertase activity was stimulated, while urease was inhibited and dehydrogenase unchanged by REC, indicating the interference of biochemical reactions in soil. In addition, type and total content of phosphorus lipid fatty acids (PLFAs) , the signature of microbes, decreased while the ratio of bacterium to fungus PLFAs increased as REC increased in soil, which suggested that fungi increased relatively with bacteria decreased thereby leading to easy occurrence of crop fungus diseases following cultivation of C. chinensis. The decrease in diversity and evenness indexes of microbial community in soil by REC indicated soil ecosystem deterioration and reduction of microbial groups and densities in soil. Therefore, allelopathic chemicals released from the roots of C. chinensis could change microbial community structure and resulted in serious soil problems by continual cropping of this medicinal plant.
Coptis ; Ecosystem ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Microbiology

Objective: To summarize the methods of preventing and managing the complications in thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods:The participants of this study included 317 patients undergoing lobectomy with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery between January 2007 and December 2012. Intra-operative complications were observed, and countermeasures were summarized. Results: Complications occurred 28 times (8.8%), including bleeding in 16 cases because of accidental vascular injury (5.0%), accidental injury/break of bronchus in two cases (0.6%), vascular stump errhysis from cutting stapler in four cases (1.3%), lung stump air leakage in three cases (0.9%), lung injury in two cases (0.6%), and diaphragmatic injury in one case (0.3%). Conversion to thoracotomy was conducted in 17 cases, with a conversion rate of 5.4%. Thoracoscopic repair operation was performed in 14 cases that exhibited bleeding, with a success rate of 70% (14/20). No mortality was reported during the operation. Conclusion:Thoracoscopic lobectomy is a highly difficult method in thoracic surgeries. The procedure requires substantial attention on the timely prevention and correct management of intra-operative complications, particularly the injury and bleeding of major vessels, to reduce the rate of conversion to thoracotomy and the incidence of post-operative complications, as well as to promote the surgery in clinics.

Objective To report clinical study of diabetic foot with microsurgical treatment.Methods 32 cases basing on physical treatment underwent operation which included reconstruction of vessel under DSA and flap transfer and relaxation of nerves.Results 8 eases were examined with DSA after operation,it showed that the bypass grafts were unobstructed and the distal blood were improved;All flap were lively. Conclusion The ulcer of the patients with diabetic foot was closed early and the blood supply of the limb have been reconstructed by microsurgical treatment,it can not only avoid amputation or lower the limb amputation level,but also improve the life quality of patients and obtain social benefit.

Lu Dangshen, a traditional authentic medicinal material of Codonopsis Radix is mainly produced in Shangdang (Changzhi) area of Shanxi Province. Baitiao Dangshen is mainly produced in Gansu Province. Codonopsis Radix contains many kinds of components such as phenylpropanoids, polyalkynes, alkaloids, terpenes, fatty acids, flavonoids, and so on. At present, the effect of producing areas on its chemical compositions has not been systematically studied. This study analyzed the differences of metabolites among Codonopsis pilosula from different producing areas by UPLC-HRMS. PCA, OPLS-DA coupled with Thermo mzcloud online and local databases were used to compare the overall differences of metabolites among Codonopsis pilosula from different producing areas, and the chemical constituents were identified to further screen and find out the different metabolites and analyze the metabolic pathways by information retrieval in HMDB, PubChem, Chemspider and KEGG databases. The results showed that 72 differential metabolites were identified in this study. There were 15 kinds of up-regulated and 57 kinds of down-regulated metabolites of Lu Dangshen compared with Baitiao Dangshen. The top 30 metabolic pathways were analyzed by KEGG enrichment, and the most important metabolic pathways were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which was demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and related intermediate metabolites could be used as the characteristics of distinguishing Lu Dangshen from different habitats of Codonopsis pilosula. The present study provided a basis for analyzing the influence of producing areas on the chemical components of Codonopsis pilosula and reasonably evaluating the quality of Codonopsis Radix, and also provided a new idea for expounding the authenticity of Lu Dangshen.

In this paper, the RP-HPLC specific chromatography was adopted, with DIKMA-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 µm) as the chromatographic column, with a gradient elution compose of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid at flow rate of 0.8 mL · min(-1), the detection wavelength was 220 nm. The difference of the HPLC specific chromatograms between the Lu Dangshen and other different base sources and different producing area of Codonopsis Radix was compared, involved in the similarities and differences of the number and the relative peak area of characteristic peaks in the HPLC specific chromatograms. The HPLC specific chromatograms of Lu Dangshen was established and the relative retention times of seven peaks was determined, and the peaks of codonopyrrolidium B, syringin, lobetyolin, tangshenoside I and atractylenoide III were identified; The HPLC specific chromatograms of Lu Dangshen provided a method for scientific evaluation and effective control the quality of Lu Dangshen from Shanxi famous-region.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Codonopsis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Phenylpropionates ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Objective:To determine the diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of ketamine-associated cystitis.
Methods:Clinical data from 3 patients with ketamine-associated cystitis were analyzed retrospectively and discussed in light of relevant literature.
Results:In the 3 cases, 2 presented severe lower urinary tract symptoms, including frequency, urgency, dysuria, urge incontinence, and painful haematuria. Urinalysis and urine culture were negative. Imaging examination demonstrated thickening of the bladder wall and a small capacity. Inflammatory changes in the bladder mucosa were observed by cystoscopy and biopsies. After cessation of ketamine use, with the addition of steroids or hydrodistension, the symptoms in the 3 patients improved. The symptoms recurred in 2 patients, as 1 was exposed to ketamine again and 1 had severe bladder contraction after for 3-4 month follow-up.
Conclusion:Ketamine-associated cystitis is a new urinary system inlfammatory damage. Its etiology and treatment methods are not clear. early abstinence from ketamine use and early treatment are crucial for patients with ketamine-associated cystitis to avoid irreversible damage.

To study the growth effects of differing concentrations of artemisinin on green algae and to evaluate the ecological risk. The effects of artemisinin on the growth and the content change of chlorophyll, protein, oxygen, conductivity, SOD, CAT, MDA in Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus oblique were studied through 96 h toxicity tests. Artemisinin accelerated the growth of algae at a lower concentration ( <40 microg . L-1) with content increase of chlorophyll or protein and so on, and it inhibited the growth of algae at higher concentration ( >80 microg . L-1). The content of chlorophyll or protein in algae cells reduced with the increasing concentration of artemisinin, exhibiting the good concentration-effect relationship. SOD and CAT activity was stimulated at low concentrations ( <40 microg . L-1 ) and inhibited at high concentrations ( >80 microg . L- 1). However, MDA content increased significantly with the increase of concentration. According to the seven kinds of indicators changes, the time-response and dose-response suggested that the surfactant first hurt in Ch. pyrenoidosa was damaging membrane by changing membrane lipid molecules soluble. And primary mechanism on Chlorophyta cells might be related to the oxidation damage of lipid and other biological large molecules caused by artemisinin. The large-scale intensive planting of Artemisia annua may reduce the surrounding water productivity.
Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Chlorophyta ; drug effects ; metabolism

An experiment was carried out to study the allelopathic effects of Coptis chinensis fibrous root extracts (CRE) on the germination and seedling growth of Vicia faba and Pisum sativum in order to alleviate the allelopathic effects and increase land productivity. The seeds of both garden pea (P. sativum) and broad been (V. faba) were germinated in CRE solution of various concentrations, the germination rate, seedling growth and related physiological indexes were measured. The result indicated that there were no significant effects of CRE in low concentrations on seed germination, including both the rate and index, and seed vitality and membrane permeability. With the increment of CRE concentrations, however, the high seed membrane permeability and germination inhibition were observed. For example, the germination rates were reduced by 23.4% (P. sativum) and 9.5% (V. faba), respectively, in CRE solution with 800 mg . L-1. Simultaneously, soluble sugars and the free amino acids in the seeds were lower than those in the control (without CRE) after soaking seeds in CRE solutions. In addition, the seedling growth and nitrate reductase activity were stimulated by CRE at low concentrations in contrast to high concentrations which behaved otherwise and inhibited the nutrient utilization in endosperm. Therefore, the large amount of allelochemicals released from the roots and remains of C. chinensis in soils could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of legumes, which may lead to decrease even fail crop yields after growing this medical plant.
Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; drug effects ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Germination ; drug effects ; Nitrate Reductase ; metabolism ; Peas ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Pheromones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Seedlings ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Vicia faba ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective Exploring clinical prediction value of the ischemia modified albumin (IMA) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients after the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 109 cases of the PCI postoperative patients of ACS at the Panggang General Hospital from January 2010 to July 2012 were included.IMA was determined within 6 hours after admission,and standardized treatment after PCI.After a 6-month follow-up,they were divided into the event group and non-event group according to cardiovascular events occurrence.Results 101 cases were followed-up,including 26 cases of cardiovascular events (25.74％) and 75 cases of no cardiovascular events (74.26％).The left ventricular ejection fraction of the event group [(45 ± 7)％] was significantly lower than the non-event group [(52 ± 10) ％] (t =1.894,P ＜ 0.05).Serum IMA of the event group[(105.51 ± 13.26) U/ml]was significantly higher than the non-event group [(85.18 ± 11.36) U/ml] (t =7.3518,P ＜0.01).After controlling other cardiovascular risk factors,IMA was still independent risk factors for cardiovascular events (OR =1.69,95％ CI: 1.18 ～ 2.13,P =0.01).Conclusions IMA have very good clinical prediction value of cardiovascular events occurrence for ACS after PCI.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate protective effects of Rheum tanguticum polysaccharides (RTP) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.

METHODThe polysaccharides (RTP) were extracted from Tanguficum Maxim. 120 rats were divided into 15 groups, with 8 rats in each group. RTP at 100, 200 and 400 mg x kg(-1) were administrated orally once a day for five days, and model of brain injury was made by dropping weight method.

RESULTRTP reduced water content and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased total SOD activity and Na+-K+ ATPase activity after injuried.

CONCLUSIONThe polysaccharides may be one of the effective comptents in Rheum tanguticum, showing significant neuroprotective effects.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; enzymology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism