Objective To explore the effect of oxidative stress on intermittent hypoxia induced-hip-pocampal injury in rats. Methods 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were random divided into three groups ( 10 rats in each group), control group( CON group), intermittent group( IH group), and melatonin group( MEL group). The levels of MDA and SOD were detected by colorimetric method, and RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA levels of the Cu/ZnSOD, GPx, CAT in hippocampal tissues. Results The level of MDA in IH group was ( 1. 68 ±0. 23) μmol/g, and it was obviously higher than that in control group (1.25±0.14)μmol/g and MEL group(1.35 ±0.18) μmoL/g ( P ＜0.05, P ＜0.01). In IH group, the activity of SOD and the mRNA levels of the Cu/ZnSOD,GPx and CAT were 43.01 ±4. 96 103NU/g, 0.25±0. 02,0. 34 ±0. 09,0. 38 ±0. 03 respectively, which were significantly lower than those in control group(61.12 ±5.68 103NU/g protein,0. 48 ±0.06,0. 55±0.07,0.57 ±0.04) and MEL group (55.98 ±4.65 103 NU/g,0.43 ± 0.08,0.54 ± 0.05,0.53 ± 0.07 ) ( P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Intermittent hypoxia can induce hippocampal injury in rats by oxidative stress, and melatonin can inhibit intermittent hypoxia induced-oxidant stress, so it can protect intermittent hypoxia induced-hippocampal injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate T-lymphocyte subsets and sjTREC gene level in sepsis children and to provide a reasonable theoretical basis for immune regulation. Methods This prospective study was performed on children who were classified as sepsis group (n = 25), severe sepsis group (n = 23), and control group (n = 50). The T cell subsets were measured before the blood products,immune agents,and nutritional support were administrated. By real-time fluorescence quantitive-PCR method, the sjTREC levels of the patients with sepsis and healthy children were quantitatively detected respectively;then the sjTREC levels were absolutely quantified by two standard curve method. The results were demonstrated by sjTREC and endogenous reference gene (Cα) copies ratio (sjTREC/Cα× 2 × 1000) and statistically analyzed by SPSS 16. 0 software. Results The levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, and CD8 + T cells in severe sepsis group were lower than those in control group (P＜0.01). The level of sjTREC of severe sepsis group was 173.86 +38.37,which was significantly lower than those of sepsis group (345. 15 ± 66. 21) and control group (389. 42 ± 50. 20) (P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Children with severe sepsis have a range of T-lymphocyte subsets disorders and decreased thymic output function, so early immunotherapy can improve clinical outcome.

Objective To investigate the altered expression of TLR4 in alveolar macrophages of diabetic rats after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and the effect of these changes on defending the infection. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, group A: the control group; group B: the diabetic group; group C: the LPS stimulated group; and group D: the diabetic group with LPS stimulation. TLR4 in alveolar macrophages were measured by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results The expressions of TLR4 in group B and group C were higher than that in group A (P < 0. 001). The expression of TLR4 in group D was obviously higher than that of group B and group C (P < 0.001). Conclusion The expression of TLR4 of diabetic rats was higher than that of normal rats and became more higher after LPS stimulation, which is indicated that diabetic bodies were in the proinflammatory state, the mechanism remains to be explored in detail.

Objective To explore the common reason for misdiagnosis of sarcoidosis to increase the diagnosis rate of sarcoidosis and reduce misdiagnosis rate.Methods Analyze clinical manifestation and misdiagnosis reason retrospectively of 98 patients confirmed sarcoidosis according to pathological proof,in which 39 patients are misdiagnosed.Results The major reasons for misdiagnosis were delitescent sarcoidosis progress,clinical manifestation lacking specificity and lack of research.The most common diseases misdiagnosed were pulmonary tuberculosis,lung cancer and lymphoma.Conclusion The major methods to reduce misdiagnosis are to know well about clinical characteristics,imageology manifestation and laboratory exam about sarcoidosis.

Objective The aim of this investigation is to explore the effects of hypoxia on the biological activity of endothelial progenitor cells(EPC)and to improve the efficacy of EPC transplantation.Methods Rat bone marrow derived EPC were isolated and cultured either under normoxic or hypoxic conditions.The proliferation,migration and angiogenic ability of EPC were observed.Results In hypoxic group,the number of attached cells per high power field(hpf)was significantly more than that in normoxic group (91.0?8.0)vs(42.5?5.3),P

Objective To evaluate the value of serum galactomannan (GM) detection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) diagnosis. Methods The suspicious IPA patients were divided into proven,clinical and possible IPA groups. The patients excluded of IPA were recruited as controls. The serum GM concentration was detected by Platelia Aspergillus double?sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Re?sults In the 103 patients,there were seven cases diagnosed as proven,nineteen cases diagnosed as clinical and forty cases diagnosed as possible IPA patients. Setting 0.5 as the optimal result for GM detection,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive values and negative predictive values of GM were 85.7%,86.5%,55%and 97%,respectively. In non?neutropenia patients combinded with the pulmonary chronic diseases,the sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive values and negative predictive values of GM detection were 71.4%,84.4%,66.75%and 87.1%,respectively. Conclu?sion Index>0.5 for GM test could increase the sensitivity without obvious decreased specificity. GM detection could provide valuable information in patients of non?neutropenia underlying the pulmonary chronic diseases,which had a better sensitivity and specificity versus conventional diagnostic tests.

Objective To explore the protective effect of co-treatment with antioxidants 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPOL) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in pancreatic injury induced by intermittent hypoxia (IH) in mice. Methods Fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group(CON), IH group (IH), IH+TEM-POL group (IH+TEMPOL), IH+GSH group (IH+GSH) and IH+TEMPOL+GSH group (IH+TEMPOL+GSH). After successful-ly prepared animal model, the insulin resistance (IR) level, pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity,glutathione reductase (GR) concentration and pancreatic β-cell apoptosis were detected in five groups. Re-sults The blood glucose level was significantly increased in IH group than that in CON group (P<0.01), but which was sig-nificantly decreased in IH+TEMPOL+GSH group than that of IH group (P<0.01). The MDA content was significantly higher in the IH group than that in CON group (4.48±0.25 vs 1.94±0.21, P<0.01), but SOD activity and GR content were signifi-cantly lower in IH group than those of CON group (61.52±3.33 vs 100.05± 7.26,107.81±7.54 vs 170.54±4.90,P<0.01). The level of MDA was significantly lower in IH+TEMPOL+GSH group (2.07±0.35) than that in IH group. The levels of SOD and GR were significantly higher in IH+TEMPOL+GSH group (96.68±5.85 and 166.87±5.75) than those of IH group (P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of pancreaticβcells was significantly increased in IH group than that in CON group (2.43±0.07 vs 0.54± 0.06, P<0.01), but it was significantly lower in IH+TEMPOL+GSH group (0.56 ± 0.06) than that in IH group (P<0.01). There were no significantly differences in all above indexes between IH group, IH+TEMPOL group and IH+GSH group ( P>0.05). Conclusion The co-treatment with the antioxidant TEMPOL and GSH can obviously protect IH-induced pancreatic injury in mice. However, there was no significant protective effect of TEMPOL or GSH alone on pancreatic injury.

Objective To study the effect of Src tyrosine kinase inhibition on subcutaneously transplanted tumor of human lung adenocarcinoma in mice and its mechanism. Methods For the subcutaneously transplanted tumor model, A549 cells or PC-9 cells were inoculated into SCID mice by subcutaneous injection. Immunohistochemistry was used to show the effect of Src tyrosine kinase inhibition on proliferation index (Ki-67 staining) and microvessel density (CD31 staining) of subcutaneously transplanted tumor of human lung adenocarcinoma in mice. Results Subcutaneously transplanted tumor of PC-9 cells was sensitive to src tyrosine kinase inhibitor. There was significant difference between treatment group and control group (P <0.01). There was significant difference between the two treatment group too (P <0.01). Stopping treatment for 1 week, the inhibition rate of tumor growth were 33.19 % and 84.79 % in 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 treatment group, respectively. The same treatment was less effective to subcutaneous tumors produced by A549 cells. Treatment with 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor significantly reduced the proliferation index of subcutaneously transplanted tumor produced by PC-9 cells (P<0.01) and tended to reduce the proliferation index of subcutaneously transplanted tumor produced by A549 cells (P >0.05). Treatment with 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor significantly reduced micro vascular density in both PC-9 and A549 induced subcutaneous tumors (P <0.05). Conclusion Inhibition of Src tyrosine kinase could suppress the progression of subcutaneously transplanted tumor, not only by the inhibition of cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells directly, but also by the inhibition of angiogenesis indirectly.

Objective: Our aims were to evaluate the plasma vitamin A status and the function of T-cell dependent immunity in lung cancer patients， so as to explore the correlation between them. Methods：We measured the plasma vitamin A status with HPLC and checked the subsets of T lymphocyte with indirect immunofluorescence technique. Results： The levels of plasma vitamin A in lung cancer patients and in controls were(0.406±0.111)mg/L and(0.548±0.149)mg/L respectively . There was a significant difference between them(P＜0.001) . The levels of CD3， CD4，and CD4/CD8 were lower in lung cancer patients than those in controls， while the level of CD8 was higher. The plasma vitamin A had positive correlation with CD3 , CD4，and negative with CD8. Conclusion： There is defect of the plasma vitamin A and low level of the function of T cell dependent immunity in lung cancer patients，which shows the obvious correlation between them. This research supplies the basis of clinical therapy to lung cancer with vitamin A.

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate effects of magnesium sulfate(MgSO4) on pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease(CPHD). Methods: Eight patients with CPHD undergone right-heart catheterization. The parameters of hemodynamics and arterial blood gases in patients were measured before and after MgSO4 intravenous infusion(2% MgSO4,40 mg/min). Results: Mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR),mean systemic artery pressure(mSAP), and total systemic vascular resistance(TSVR) significantly decreased(P＜0.05) at 30 minutes after MgSO4 infusion. The decreased percentage of mPAP and PVR at 60 minute after MgSO4 infusion was 13.37% and 18.70% respectively(P＜0.05), but mSAP and TPVR decreased only by 8.15% and 7.43% respectively. The decreased degree of mPAP and PVR at 60 minutes after MgSO4 infusion significantly correlated with mPAP(r=0.712, P＜0.05)and PVR(r=0.802, P＜0.01) before MgSO4 infusion. No unfavorable effect of MgSO4 on other parameters of hemodynamics and arterial blood gases was found. Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate can attenuate pulmonary hypertension in patients with CPHD but may cause transient systemic hypotension.