Objective To study the effects of salt sensitivity on evolution of blood pressure and develope- ment to hypertension from adolescents to youth.Methods A baseline survey was carried out in 4623 adolescents aged 6-15 years old in Hanzhong rural area in 1987,310 of them were recruited for determination of salt sensitiv- ity using the tests of oral saline load and furosemide sodium-volume depletion.Salt sensitivity (SS) were diag- nosed in 101 while 209 subjects as no-sah sensitivity (NSS).This cohort of adolescents were followed up for av- erage 18 years.Results The response rate for this cohort of adolescents was 71.9%.At the end of follow up period,BP in subjects with baseline SS was higher in youth than that in NSS (SBP:122.9?13.1 vs 117.3?12.4, P

Background Evidences, from recent studies, suggested that Borna disease virus (BDV) infection might be associated with human neuropsychosis, especially psychiatric disorders including depressive disorder(DD). However, controversy existed about the association between BDV infection and pathogenesis of DD. This study was to explore further whether the infection of Borna disease virus (BDV) is associated with the pathogenesis of depressive disorder (DD).Methods The p 24 fragment of BDV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 60DD patients and 120 healthy volunteers was detected by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQPCR). Positive products were cloned and sequenced before being compared with Strain V and strain He/80, from humans and animals.Results The positive rate (5%, 3/60) of BDV p 24 in PBMCs from the DD patients was significantly higher than that (0%, 0/120) from healthy volunteers ( P＜0. 05). The gene sequence for the positive products showed BDV p 24 in PBMCs from DD patients in Chongqing was most homophylic with H1766 strain detected from iii horses (97.68%), with 2 situs mutations (nt 1675 T→C, nt 1678 C→T), and also similar to the standard strain V(96. 51%)and He/80(95.35 %), with basic exchanges limited to T- C and A→G.Conclusions There was BDV infection in the DD patients in China, which indicated that the pathogenesis of DD in human beings in Chongqing might be associated with the infection of BDV.

Objective To study the effect of light sedation and traditional sedation (moderate sedation with daily sedation interruption) on hemodynamic indexes and prognosis in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery. Methods A total of 134 patients who were ventilated delay after heart surgery in our hospital from January to June 2017 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into light sedation group (RASS score-1-1, n=65) and traditional sedation group (RASS score -3--2, n=69). All patients received sufentanil for postoperative analgesia. The light sedation group received propofol and/or dexmedetomidine as sedative drugs after operation, and the conventional sedation group used midazolam for postoperative sedation. The hemodynamic indexes, the first time of weaning off the ventilator, the duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay were compared between the two groups. Patients with low cardiac output syndrome after surgery were analyzed in subgroups. Results (1) There were no significant differences in heart function, operative complications and other indicators between the two groups after surgery (all P＞0.05). The low cardiac output syndrome was found in 12 patients in the light sedation group and 10 cases in the traditional sedation group. (2) Hemodynamic monitoring results displayed that the sedation/central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2/ScvO2) and cardiac index (CI) were higher after sedation than before sedation in both groups (all P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (all P＞0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the SvO2/ScvO2index was higher in patients with low cardiac output syndrome in the traditional sedative group than that in the light sedation group (P＜0.05). There was no difference in the SvO2/ScvO2 index in patients with non-low cardiac output syndrome between two groups. (3) Compared with the traditional sedation group, the first off-line time, the total mechanical ventilation after surgery and the ICU stay time were significantly shortened, and the incidence of postoperative delirium was decreased in the light sedation group (all P＜0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that in patients with non-low cardiac output syndrome, the first off-line time, total postoperative mechanical ventilation time and total ICU stay were significantly shorter in the light sedation group than those in the traditional sedation group (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in patients with low cardiac output syndrome between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Patients with non-low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery benefit significantly from the superficial sedative strategy, and the postoperative mechanical ventilation time and ICU residence time are reduced. The moderate sedation may contribute to the early cardiac function recovery in patients with low cardiac output syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of potassium and calcium supplementation in table salt on reduction of arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism in adolescents with higher blood pressure.

METHODSA single blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out for two years in 220 adolescents with higher blood pressure, aged 18 - 22 years, who were randomly divided into supplementary group (n = 110) and control group (n = 110). Each of the subjects in the supplementary group and their family members was given 10 mmol of potassium and 10 mmol of calcium mixed in their table salt daily for 24 months.

RESULTSNight urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased (urinary Na(+), P < 0.05; urinary K(+), P < 0.01) and blood pressure lowered by 5.3 mm Hg/1.8 mm Hg in average from the baseline in the supplementary group two years after potassium and calcium supplementation, as compared with that in the control group increased by (1.3/1.7) mm Hg.

CONCLUSIONSAdequate supplement of potassium and calcium in daily table salt intake was an effective way to prevent form hypertension and could promote their urinary sodium excretion and reduction of arterial blood pressure in adolescents with higher blood pressure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Calcium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diet therapy ; prevention & control ; Male ; Natriuresis ; Potassium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Single-Blind Method ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Sodium, Dietary ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo study the safety, effectiveness and feasibility of suprapubis-assisted umbilical laparoendoscopic mini-dual-site surgery (SAU-LEMDS) in the treatment of varicocele.

METHODSThis study included 80 varicocele patients aged 24 - 44 (mean 28.5 +/- 2.6) years, 25 cases of grade I, 45 cases of grade II and 10 cases of grade III, 58 cases in the left side, 6 in the right and 16 in both sides, and all with asthenospermia. The patients were treated by SAU-LEMDS under subarachnoid anesthesia combined with general anesthesia in a supine position with a head-down-feet-up slope of 15 degrees. Two 5 mm trocars were inserted bilaterally at the umbilical edge, one with a 5 mm 30 degrees laparoscope placed in it, and another into the abdominal cavity below the pubic hairline with a 5 mm laparoendoscopic clipper placed in it. The operation procedure was similar to that of standard laparoscopic ligation of spermatic veins, with reservation of the spermatic artery and double-ligation of spermatic veins. And the procedure was repeated for the contralateral lesion in the bilateral cases. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for the incidences of orchiatrophy and testicular hydrocele and changes of seminal parameters.

RESULTSAll the operations were successful, with the mean operation time of (10 +/- 5.0) min (range 8 to 25 min) for the unilateral cases and (18 +/- 6.5) min (range 15 to 30 min) for the bilateral cases, the mean blood loss of (1.5 +/- 0.5) ml (range 1 to 2 ml), and the mean postoperative hospital stay of (2 +/- 0.5) d (range 1.5 to 3 d). The patients were followed up for 6 -24 (12 +/- 2.5) months, which showed significant improvement in sperm motility as compared with the baseline ([28.53 +/- 5.21] vs [19.62 +/- 3.56]%, P < 0.05), with 28 cases (35.0%) restored to normal. Recurrence was found in 4 cases (5.0%). Testicular hydrocele occurred in 7 cases (8.75%), but orchiatrophy in none. The scars in the umbilicus and suprapubis were invisible because of the wrinkles and pubic hair.

CONCLUSIONSAU-LEMDS is safe, effective and feasible for the treatment of varicocele. It is superior to umbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (U-LESS) for its less invasiveness, simpler operation, and better cosmetic appearance.

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Ligation ; methods ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence ; Spermatic Cord ; blood supply ; Testicular Hydrocele ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Umbilicus ; Varicocele ; surgery ; Veins

OBJECTIVETo evaluate breast reconstruction with a combined skin flap of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM).

METHODSThe DIEP and TRAM united flap was elevated with the vessel pedicle of the deep inferior epigastric perforator on the affected side and the rectus abdominis muscle pedicle on the intact side. The reconstructive breast was shaped after the deep inferior epigastric vessels were anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels or the thoracodorsal vessels ipsilaterally.

RESULTSWe have used the DIEP and TRAM united flaps for breast reconstruction in 17 cases. All of the flaps survived, and the reconstructed breasts were well-shaped with the follow-up of 6-18 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe DIEP and TRAM united flap possesses of advantages such as rich blood supply, abundant tissue volume and easy shaping. It is especially applicable to the cases who have large chest defect and need large volume tissue.

Adult ; Epigastric Arteries ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Rectus Abdominis ; transplantation ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

BACKGROUNDAntimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin LL-37, human beta defensin (HBD)-2, and HBD-3, are important elements of the innate immune response and involved in modulation of the adaptive immunity, and they also play an important role in cutaneous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

METHODSThe fresh skin tissues and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from three cutaneous tuberculosis, two tuberculids, and ten healthy individuals were collected. The expressions of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 mRNA in the lesions of three cutaneous tuberculosis and two tuberculids were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; the protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods.

RESULTSThe expressions of LL-37 mRNA and protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin. The expression of HBD-2 mRNA had an increasing trend in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids compared with that of normal skin; however, the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis had a decreasing trend compared with that of normal skin, and the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of tuberculids was similar to that of normal skin. The expressions of HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin.

CONCLUSIONSOur study indicated that the expression of HBD-2 and HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis may be not consistent with that of tuberculids. However, an inherent limitation of the present study was that the sample size was small, and the roles and regulation mechanisms of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 in cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids need to be further investigated.

Adult ; Aged ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous ; metabolism ; beta-Defensins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore new genotypes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Guangxi.

METHODSG6PD mutations were identified by combination of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), DNA sequencing and restriction endonuclease assay.

RESULTSThree cases (10.0%) of G6PD Viangchan (871G-->A, 1311C-->T) and one case (3.3%) of G6PD Union (1360C -->T) were first identified in China mainland. G6PD Ganton (1376G-->T, 30.0%) was the commonest mutation, followed by Kaiping (1388G-->A, 26.7%), and Gaohe (95A-->G, 23.3%).

CONCLUSIONBesides G6PD Ganton, Kaiping and Gaohe, there are G6PD Viangchan and Union in Guangxi. G6PD Viangchan and Union is reported for the first time in China mainland.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Female ; Genotype ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ; genetics ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of 83 site in interaction of GluR2 C-terminal and PICK1 PDZ domain.

METHODSDocking structure of PICK1 PDZ domain with GluR2 C terminal PDZ binding motif was built with computer software. After K83 site was substituted by other amino acid, the structure and binding energy were recalculated; meanwhile, site specific mutants were constructed using wild type full length cDNA as template. Mutants were co-transfected with GluR2 into HEK293T cells. After staining, the distribution of PICK1 and GluR2 were observed under confocal microscope.

RESULTSWild type PICK1 and GluR2 formed many co-clusters in HEK293T cells as reported by other research groups; but different K83 mutant had different distribution in HEK293T cells.

CONCLUSIONThe K83 site in PDZ domain of PICK1 is important for the interaction between PICK1 and GluR2. Altering lysine will probably change the hydrophobic interactions, the hydrogen bonds or the electrostatic interactions formed between PICK1 PDZ domain and GluR2 C terminal; accordingly, that will change the binding capacity between PICK1 and GluR2 in varying degrees.

Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; PDZ Domains ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, AMPA ; metabolism

OBJECTIVESalt-sensitivity is associated with more severe target organ injury and higher mortality in patients with essential hypertension. We compared the vascular endothelial function between salt-sensitive subjects (SS) and non-salt-sensitive subjects (NSS) with normal or mildly increased blood pressure.

METHODSNinety-nine subjects (aged 16 - 60 years) with normal blood pressure or mild hypertension (degree 1) were enrolled. The test program included 3 days baseline investigation, 1 week low-salt loading phase and 1 week high-salt loading phase. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring the flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery using high resolution ultrasound.

RESULTSThere was 17.2% SS. Plasma NOx level [(61.2 ± 13.3) µmol/L vs (82.5 ± 14.6) µmol/L, P < 0.05] and FMD [(10.2 ± 2.5)% vs (14.5 ± 1.6)%, P < 0.05] were significantly lower in SS subjects than in NSS subjects.

CONCLUSIONVascular endothelial dysfunction was evidenced in SS subjects with normal blood pressure or in the early stage of hypertension.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Case-Control Studies ; Endothelium ; metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium, Dietary ; adverse effects ; Young Adult