OBJECTIVE:To reduce the risk of high-risk drugs dispensing in PIVAS. METHODS:Main measures of risk con-trol of high-risk drugs in PIVAS of our hospital were introduced,i.e. establishing high-risk drug risks control group and high-risk drugs list,pharmaceutical staff undertaking all job of PIVAS except finished product distribution,information management of high-risk drugs application procedure,clinical pharmacist's participation,etc. The effects of error and ADE evaluation and manage-ment in PIVAS were analyzed statistically to summarize the experiences. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:During 2012-2014,the in-cidence of high-risk drugs related error was in low level in PIVAS of our hospital(0.009‰,0.004‰,0.002‰)and decreased year by year. The number of error decreased from 8 in 2012 to 3 in 2013 and 2 in 2014. It is important for risk control to enhance drug check,new staff training and PIVAS staff professionalization in pharmaceutical,and extablishing warning mark of high-risk drugs.

In the clinical skill evaluation,SP and the new technology OSCE for medical educational evaluation brought by SP can offer a vivid and complete exam atmosphere for the medical students,which have been widely applied by medical colleges and schools at home and abroad,with real,effective,reliable characteristics and broader development prospect. To induce the technology into TCM clinical evaluation is in accordance with the requirements of TCM educational development,which can make students better grasp clinical various basic skills within limited studying periods.

Objective To investigate a therapeutic method which could provide sustained-release delivery and local longlasting anti-TB treatment after debridement of thoracic and lumbar spine tuberculosis.Methods Data of 18 patients (including 2 revised cases),who were diagnosed of thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis and required surgery treatment from October 2008 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 12 males and 6 females,with an average age of 48.7± 13.3 years (range,22 to 67 years).Affected spinal segments in these patients spanned from T8 to S1.fourteen patients were treated with posterior surgical procedure alone while the other 4 were treated with one-stage combined anterior-posterior surgery.Combined with autogenous bone,OSTEOSET RBK drug carrier-type artificial bone mixed with isoniazid and streptomycin was used after debridement.Chlinical parameters including clinical symptoms,laboratory results,and imaging data were evaluated during follow-up.Results Incisions of all patients achieved primary healing.The duration of patient follow-up ranged from 29 to 56 months (average,39.5months).No liver and kidney function abnormalities,ototoxicity,or local nerve irritations were found perioperatively.Improvements in clinical symptoms were observed in all patients.One patient with L2a tuberculosis recurred 18 months after the initial surgery.At 6-month follow-up,intervertebral body fusion was achieved without complications of internal fixation or significant angle loss of kyphosis correction.Conclusion OSTEOSET RBK dmg carrier-type artificial bone mixed with isoniazid,streptomycin for treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine tuberculosis is a safe and effective way to control local infection and recurrence.Combined with autologous bone could contribute to bone fusion.

Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics,gene mutation and enzymatic activity of αgalactosidase A(α-GalA)in a 15-year-old male patient with typical Fabry disease,whose mother was without any clinical manifestations.Methods Clinical features and laboratory data were collected from the patient and his mother.Genomie DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patient.his mother,and a healthy control subject.Seven exons of the GLA gene were amplified by PCR.PCR products were purified.cloned into T vector,and then sequenced.The enzymatic activity of α-GalA Was measured by fluorimetrie substrate assay. Results DNA sequencing results showed that a missense mutation of 10036-10038delAAG in exon 7 WaS identified in the patient,resulting in the replacement of 374 lysine and 375 glyeine by arginine,which Was not previously reported.The patient Was a hemizygote with gene mutation,his mother WaS a heterozygote carrying gene mutation,and the healthy control without mutation.α-GalA enzymatic activity assay showed that the enzymatic activity of the patient with GLA gene mutation was only 50%of the healthy control subject,while the enzymatic activity of the patient's mother Was about 70%of the heahhy control SObject.Conclusiolls Detecting GLA gene mutation and α-GalA enzymatic activity in patients with Fabry disease who have been clinically diagnosed seelns to be helpful in finding other patients in the family and in further understanding the molecular pathogenesis of that disease.

Objective To measure the daily nursing workload by simplified therapeutic intervention scoring system and provide information for reasonable dynamic management of nursing manpower and improving nursing service satisfaction of patients in elderly ICU.Methods 113 patients in elderly ICU were selected from July 2012 to June 2013.The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28(TISS-28) was used to measure the nursing workload,reasonably arranged the nursing staff according to the daily total nursing workload.The average daily working time and service satisfaction were compared before and after the application of dynamic management of nursing manpower.Results After the application of dynamic management of nursing manpower,the average daily working time of nurses decreased,satisfactory degree of patients with nursing service increased,and satisfactory degree of medical workers with nursing manpower management also increased.Conclusions Measurement of nursing workload by TISS-28 can provide the basis for the dynamic management of nursing manpower in elderly ICU and improve satisfaction degree of medical workers.

OBJECTIVE: To provide suggestion for the construction of teaching staff and the improvement of the discipline of Pharmacy Administration(Ph.A).METHODS: The basic information was collected by searching official website and the websites of universities and colleges etc,and a questionnaire survey was conducted among pharmacy univeristies or colleges by means of telephone interview or on-the-spot interview etc.RESULTS: A total of 108 pharmacy univeristies or colleges sent back the effective questionnaires.There were a total of 276 Ph.A teachers,including 142 male and 134 female;145 were full-time Ph.A and 131 were part-time teachers.There were only part-time teachers in 63 universities / colleges,of whom,91 were from other teaching or research department of the discipline of pharmacy,24 from party or government administration of school,9 from hospitals,4 from pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises,and 3 from drug administration department.CONCLUSION: The resources of Ph.A teachers are various,and the access qualification is quite low.It isadvisable to strengthen the building of Ph.A faculty and improve the whole level of Ph.A teachers.

Objective To evaluate of the clinical effect of triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation for treatment of necrosis of talus. Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with necrosis of talus who were treated by triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation from April 2011 to January 2015 in Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South Univer-sity were retrospectively analyzed. And the clinical effect were measured by AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System. Results The 24 patients were followed up for 26 months averagely (12~36 months). According to AOFAS Ankle Hind-foot Scale System, there were 4 cases of mod-erate and 20 cases of bad before treatment, and there were 18 cases of excellent, 4 cases of good, and 2 cases of moderate after the treat-ment. Conclusion It can achieve good clinical results in treatment of necrosis of talus through triple arthrodesis and bone grafting combined with plat screw internal fixation.

Objective To investigate the micrometastatic lesion of tumor stem cells in the axillary swollen lymph nodes of breast cancer patients and the influence of miR30a on its invasive ability ,and to explore the feasibility of miRNAs anti‐breast cancer treatment .Methods The tumor stem cell‐like breast cancer cells were separated from the axillary swollen lymph nodes in breast cancer patients and cultured .miR30a oligonucleotide fragment was synthesized and transfected into human primary generation breast cancer cells by using adenovirus ,meanwhile the breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 was taken as the experimental control and the transfection efficiency was assessed by the fluorescence microscopy .The changes of tumor cell proliferation and invasiveness before and after transfection were detected by the Transwell chamber in vitro invasion assay .Western blot was used to detect the ALDH1 ,Vimentin and N‐Cadherin protein expression .Results The Transwell chamber in vitro invasion assay showed that the pri‐mary generation breast cancer cell had more strong invasive ability than MDA‐MB‐231 cell line ,their invasion indexes were (75 .3 ± 3 .2)% and (58 .4 ± 2 .8)% respectively ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,and after transfecting miR30a ,the in vitro invasiveness ability in these two kinds of cells were significantly weakened and their invasion indexes were (21 .4 ± 1 .9)% and (28 .2 ± 2 .3)% respectively ,the difference compared with the control group showed the statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclu‐sion The ALDH expression in partial axillary hyperplasia and swollen lymph nodes in the patients with breast cancer is increased , and the tumor micrometastasis may exist ,which should be completely cleaned in operation .miR30a inhibits the expression and inva‐sive ability of tumor stem gene .

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in endotoxemia mice and its effects on the inflammatory ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Endotoxemia model of 120 mice was duplicated with 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg of LPS intravenous injection respectively, and plasma Ox-LDL levels were assayed using ELISA kit at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 h after LPS injection, and another 8 mice without any treatment served as normal control. Another 105 mice were divided into 3 groups pretreated with 0, 0.35 and 1.4 mg/kg of Ox-LDL intravenous injection 30 min before 1 mg/kg of LPS intravenous injection. Plasma TNF-? levels were measured with ELISA at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 h after the first injection. The effects of Ox-LDL pretreatment on the mortality of another 150 endotoxemia mice 24 h after LPS injection was observed, which were treated with the same methods as 105 mice. Results Plasma Ox-LDL levels in endotoxemia mice increased significantly. In 0.5 to 8 h after LPS injection, plasma Ox-LDL levels were significantly higher than that of control group (P

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the improvement of curriculum system of Pharmacy Administration(Ph.A).METHODS:The basic information was collected by searching official website and the websites of universities and colleges,and the detailed data were collected through questionnaire survey.RESULTS:In the 111 universities and colleges investigated,a total of 51 curriculums(or 399 courses) related to Ph.A were set up.The main curriculums are pharmacy administration(210 courses),pharmaceutical marketing(61 courses),pharmacy laws and regulations(26 courses).In different universities and colleges,the credit hours,semester and property of Ph.A curriculums are different.CONCLUSIONS:The system of Ph.A curriculums has become more and more comprehensive,and the setup of each course suits the need of social needs.But the setup of curriculums of Ph.A in each university or college was far from systematical,and its structure remained to be optimized,and the structure of the teaching materials of Ph.A should be strengthened.