Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Spinal Diseases ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion

Acrylonitrile ; poisoning ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; therapy

Berberine (BBR) is a natural compound isolated from Coptis chinensis and for decades an over-the-count medicine in China for bacterial-caused diarrhea. We have identified BBR to be an effective drug in treating hyperlipidemia as well as hyperglycemia. Clinical studies showed that oral administration of BBR caused significant reduction of blood cholesterol, LDL-c, triglyceride, as well as glucose and HbA1c in patients with hyperlipidemia or T2D. A small % of patients have minor and transient side- effect in the GI system. The cholesterol- lowering effect was associated with the ERK mediated LDLR mRNA up-regulation; the glucose-lowering effect mainly resulted from PKD-mediated insulin receptor expression as well as activation of AMPK. The clinical efficacy of BBR were verified by a large number of independent clinical groups in and outside China. For BBR absorption mechanism, we showed that BBR was first converted into dhBBR by nitroreductase in the gut microbiota, promoting BBR enter into intestinal well, where it was oxidized back to BBR, and then got into blood. Our recent study showed that BBR could also promote gut microbiota pathways to make SCFAs (such as butyrate), which entered blood and reduced blood lipids and glucose, suggesting a newly identified MOA of BBR. BBR is now in clinical trial in China. We consider it a multiple-target drug for metabolic disorders in clinic.

Background The effectiveness of medical tissue adhesive for the reparation of operative incision has been recognized,but its influence to ocular surface microenvironment is not quite clear.Objective This study was to appraise the safety and efficacy of α-cyanoacrylate,a medical issue adhesive,for the reparation of the conjunctival and skin laceration.Methods Twenty healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into suturing group and medical glue group.Routine ophthalmic examination,the level of tear secretion and breakup time of tear film (BUT) were tested before operation.The upper bulbar conjunctiva of each right eye was cut apart about 1.0 cm after surface anesthesia and the skin of back was incised about 2.5 cm length after local anesthesia.The conjunctival and skin lacerations were adhered with compound medical adhesive in the medical glue group,and continuous suture was done to repair the conjunctival laceration and interrupted suture to the skin laceration with 5-0 chorda serica chirurgicalis in the suture group.The routine ophthalmic examination,level of tear secretion,BUT and the states of wound healing were examined 1 day,2 days and 7 days postoperatively.Pathologic examination of the corresponding tissues was also carried out 1 week after the animals were sacrificed.The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 statistical software.This experiment followed the Administration of the Care and Use of Experimental Animals of Shanghai City.Results The conjunctival and skin lacerations healed well both in the suture group and the medical glue group.The levels of tear secretion 1 day and 2 days postoperatively in the medical glue group were (12.70±2.21)mm and (12.70±2.00)mm respectively,showing a significant lowness in comparison with (14.90±2.38)mm and (14.90±2.33)mm of the suture group (q =-4.02,P =0.03;q =-4.02,P =0.03).Compared with the baseline,the difference of the levels of tear secretion in the medical glue group was not statistically significant in various time points after operation (P=1.00,1.00,0.51).The BUT values at 2 days and 7 days postoperatively in the medical glue group were (4.50 ± 1.18) seconds and (4.10±0.88) seconds respectively,being significantly longer than (3.30 ± 1.06) seconds and (3.00±1.25) seconds in the suture group (q=4.37,P=0.02;q=4.19,P=0.03).Compared with the baseline,there was not statistically significant difference at each time point postoperatively in the medical glue group (P =0.28,0.59,0.21).However,BUT at each time point after operation in the suture group was significantly shorter than that of the baseline (P=0.01,0.01,0.00).Pathological examination showed that all the conjunctival and skin lacerations healed well.Trivial collagen hyperplasy was seen in the eyes of the suture group and infiltration of a few of inflammatory cells was found in the medical glue group.In the pathological result of the skin test,there was conspicuous scar and severe collagen hyperplasy in the suture group,but in the medical glue group,the skin structure was almost normal.Conclusions α-Cyanoacrylate is safe and effective for the repair of the conjunctival incision with little affection to ocular surface microenvironment.

The challenge of the emergence of drug-resistant influenza strains, which is caused by wide spread utilization of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), accelerates the research and exploration towards host targeted agents. In contrast to DAAs targeting viral replication components, host targeted agents, which regulate host factors and pathways linked to viral replication, can interfere the replication of influenza. Additionally, the innate immune system is activated by influenza during the early stage of infection, so manipulating the innate immune response may prevent the viral infection. However, the excessive inflammatory response induced at the late phase of influenza infection would lead to severe tissue injures. Thus, it is very important to explore drugs with anti-inflammatory actions to suppress these immune imbalances and tissue injures. Here we overview the current progresses about host targets related to anti-influenza drugs.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; Virus Replication

APOBEC3 is a class of cytidine deaminase, which is considered as a new member of the innate immune system, and APOBEC3G belongs to this family. The research about APOBEC3G is a new direction of innate immune defense mechanism against virus. APOBEC3G has the restrictive activity on many viral replications, which deaminates dC to dU in the viral genome and then induces extensive hypermutation. APOBEC3G can also interrupt viral replication at several phases such as reverse transcription, replication, nucleocapsid and so on by non-deamination mechanisms. However, virus can encode viral proteins to counteract the restriction activity of APOBEC3G. Elucidation of the antagonistic interaction between APOBEC3G and the virus will be contributed to development of new antiviral drugs in the future.
APOBEC-3G Deaminase ; Animals ; Cytidine Deaminase ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Replication ; Deamination ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Paramyxoviridae ; genetics ; physiology ; Retroviridae ; physiology ; Virus Replication ; vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; metabolism

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing year by year in the world, which seriously threaten the public health. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and there is no specific treatment for NAFLD. Natural-derived compounds have the characteristics of multi-target and multi-mechanism, which can improve the curative effect and reduce the toxic and side effects by regulating multiple factors of the disease. They are ideal drugs for treating complex diseases and have unique advantages in improving NAFLD. However, low intestinal absorption, poor bioavailability, and single medicine efficiency limit the utilization of many compounds, and further drug development and clinical application are challenging. This paper reviews the research progress of natural-derived compounds in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in recent years, analyzes the existing problems, and discusses the improvement strategies, so as to provide reference for related research.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of neuromedin U(NMU) in lymph node metastasis of laryngocarcinoma and provide a new biomarker of metastasis. METHODS Samples of 120 cases of laryngocarcinoma were collected from the Otolaryngology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: metastasis group and non-metastasis group. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the NMU expression in primary tumor and lymph node. An independent tissue microassay was used to analyze the relationship between NMU expression and T, N stages. RESULTS Expression of NMU in metastasis group was higher than that in non-metastasis group, NMU was positively correlated with N stages, but not with T stages. CONCLUSION The expression of NMU is higher in metastasis tissue of laryngocarcinoma, It could be used as a biomarker of lymph node metastasis of laryngocarcinoma.