Objective To study the distribution of brain dopamine transporter (DAT) in children with autism by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods Brain SPECT imaging was performed in 10 autistic children and 10 normal children, and DAT distribution in different functional areas of brain were calculated and compared by semi-quantitative evaluation of tracer uptake. Results There were no differences in tracer uptake between left and right striatum either in autistic children or in normal children (P=0.556, 0.563), while the tracer uptake level in autistic children was significantly higher than that in normal children (P=0.018). Conclusions The striatum dopaminergic neurons are hyperactive in children with autism. SPECT is helpful for the diagnosis of autism.

Objective To investigate the biological safety of silicon membrane embedded permanent magnets implanted into canine, so as to evaluate the safety of a micturition alert device designed on the principle of compass. Methods Twelve adult male dogs (weighing 11-12 kg) were divided into experimental group (8 dogs) and control group (4 dogs ). The experimental group was implanted with a silicon membrane embedded NdFeB magnet, which was 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness and with a magnetic induction intensity of 0. 3 Tesla at the center of the pole face surface. The control group was implanted with a silicon membrane embedded NdFeB alloy with the same dimensions. The grafts were sutured onto the anterior surface of the bladder wall. The dogs were then allowed to live for one year. Both the survival and local pathology around the grafts were observed after implantation. And the pre-operation urine and post-operation urine were compared between the two groups. Results One dog in the experimental group died from operation complications 10 hours after operation, another dog had intestinal obstruction 3 weeks after operation because iron wires in the intestinal tract was caught up by the permanent magnet. The rest 6 dogs in the experimental group and 4 dogs in the control group had no abnormalities in spirit, appetite, urine or stool, and there were no infections. The animals were sacrificed one year after operation. Adhension was found between the epiploon and the bladder wall around permanent magnets in these 10 dogs; the fibrous capsule around the permanent magnets was thin, and the local bladder wall below permanent magnets was thickened, with normal bladder mucosa. Grade 2 inflammatory reaction and fibrous capsule of the local tissue were noted around the grafts. The findings of urine routine were normal before and after operation. Conclusion NdFeB permanent magnets embedded with silicon membrane are biologically safe for clinical application, which warrante further investigations.

Retinal vein occlusion ( RVO ) is a common vascular disease of the retina and is one of the main reasons for blindness. ln recent years, there have been some new understanding about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, especially some new researches about treatment,for example ,in the therapy of the intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and anti-VEGFs as well as dexamethasone implant ( Ozurdex ) . This article will make a brief summarization of the progress about the diagnosis and treatment of RVO.

Objective To study B lymphocyte subsets(na(?)ve B cells,memory B cells and plas- mablasts)of peripheral blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and its relationship with autoantibod- ies and clinical manifestation.Methods Blood samples and clinical data of 60 patients with RA were enrolled into this study.They were divided into three groups:active,inactive and refractory RA based on clinical mani- festations and 24 healthy controls were included.CD19 and CD27 of B cells in peripheral blood of RA patients and healthy controls were detected using flow cytometry at single-cell level.Frequence of na(?)ve B cells (CD19~+CD27~-),memory B cells(CD19~+CD27~(dim)),plasmablasts(CD19~+CD27~(high))and average fluorescence in- tensity of CD19 were analyzed,and their relationship with clinical manifestations and rheumatoid factor(RF), anti-typeⅡcollagen(anti-CⅡ),anti-cyclic citrullianted peptide(CCP)antibodies were investigatied.Results Frequence of na(?)ve B cells and plasmablasts in peripheral blood of patients with RA was increased compared with normal control.In contrast,memory B cells in patients with RA were decreased.The na(?)ve B cells subset in inactive and refractory RA was higher than that of healthy controls(P＜0.05),and the memory B cells subset in those groups was lower than that of healthy controls(P＜0.05).The plasmablasts in active and refractory groups of RA were higher than those of healthy controls(P＜0.05).The average fluorescence intensity of CD19 in peripheral blood in patients with RA was positively correlated with ESR,C-reactive protein(CRP),healthy assessment questionaire(HAQ),and plasmablasts was positively correlated with arthrocele index.Na(?)ve B cells,memory B cells and plasmablasts subsets had no relation with RF,anti-CⅡand anti-CCP antibodies. Conclusion B cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with RA are significantly abnormal,characterized by expanded naive B cells and plasmablasts but diminished memory B cells.Plasmablasts are increasesd in active and refractory groups of RA,and have positive correlation with swollen joint index.B cells may play an important rote in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To observe the effects of low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-TMS) on the electroencephalogram (EEG),expression of NPY in hippocampus in pilocarpine (PLO)-induced epileptic rats. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (240-260 g) were used to establish a model of epilepsy by in- tradominal injection of pilocarpine,and then randomized into 2 groups:a control group and an intervention group. The control group was treated by sham LF-TMS,while the intervention group was treated by LF-TMS once daily for 7 days.Ⅰgroup simply celiac inject pilocarpine.Ⅱgroup celiac inject PLO after LF-TMS.The EEG was recorded in both groups and the checked pathology.Pathological item include HE staining,NPY immunohisto chemical staining. Results The latency for seizure attack was significantly lengthened,while the frequency of seizure attack and times of major seizure attack were significantly decreased in the intervention group.The HE staining revealed significant de- generation and necrosis of neurons in the hippocampus,especially in the CA3 region,in rats in the control group. The pathologic changes were significantly less severe in the intervention,Immunohistochemical staining showed a sig- nificantly higher expression of NPY in the hippocampus as compared with the intervention group. Conclusion U- sing the PLO-induced epilepsy model,LF-TMS could not only postpone the generation of kindling but also inhibit the progress of epilepsy.The increased NPY expression in the hippocampusin the intervention group implied a close rela- tionship between NPY and epilepsy attack.

To analyze the regularity in combined medication with Xiyanping injection (Xiyanping for short) in the real world by as- sociation rules. Totally 5 822 patients using Xiyanping injection was collected from the 18 Class III Grade I hospitals nationwide to study the combined medication information of the patient with lung infection and make the analysis by using association rules and Apriori. According to the results, major drugs combined with Xiyanping in treatment of lung infection included compound amino acid, inosine, coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, vitamin C. Common drugs combined with Xiyanping can be divided into 5 categories: nutrition support therapy (vitamin C, compound amino acid) , coenzymes (coenzyme A, cytidine triphosphate, inosine), expectorants and antiasthmatics (ambroxol, salbutamol, doxofylline), hormones (dexamethasone, budesonide), antibiotics (mainly cefminox). The main combined medicines mostly conformed to the regularity for drugs treating lung infection. In addition, there were two most common medical combination models: the model for Xiyanping combined a single medicine is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy, while the model for Xiyanping combined two or more than two medicines is Xiyanping + nutrition support therapy + coenzyme. Pharmacologically, Xiyanping is mostly combined with western medicines with similar pharmacological effects to substitute or supplement the antibiotic effect in treating lung infection. However, further studies shall be conducted for the safety and rationality of the combined medication based on clinical practices, in order to provide reference for clinical medication.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Ascorbic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Cephamycins ; administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To comparative evaluation the application value of high frequency ultrasound (HFU)and magnetic reso-nance imaging (MRI)in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears(RCT).Methods 86 patients of unilateral RCT confirmed by shoulder ar-throscopy were chosen.The detection rate by HFU and MRI before the surgery was compared.Shoulder arthroscopic finding was as the evaluation standard,the accuracy of HFU and MRI in the diagnosis of RCT was calculated which included:total (full and partial) RCT,full RCT,partial RCT.Chi-square test was used to compare the accuracy rate.Results Among 86 patients,30 patients with full RCT and 56 patients with partial RCT were detected by shoulder arthroscopy,in which 28 patients with full RCT and 43 patients with partial RCT were found by HFU,and 28 patients with full RCT and 5 1 patients with partial RCT were found by MRI respec-tively.The accuracy of HFU and MRI in the diagnosis of total,full,partial tear RCT were 82.6%,93.3%,76.8% and 91.9%,93.3%, 91.6% respectively.There was no significant difference between HFU and MRI in diagnosing total and full RCT(P >0.05),the ac-curacy on HFU in diagnosing partial RCT was slightly lower than that on MRI (P <0.05).Conclusion Both HFU and MRI have relatively high accuracy in diagnosing full RCT,HFU is slightly lower than MRI in diagnosing partial RCT.

BackgroundResearches found that the posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after lensextraction is associated with the elevation of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).To seek the drug for inhibitingproliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is crucial in the treatment and prevention of PCO.ObjectiveThisstudy was to investigate the preventing effects of decorin on the proliferation of LECs.MethodsRabbit LECs wascultured and passaged.The LECs in growth phase were incubated in 96 well plate at the density of 8×106/L.Decorinwith the concentrations 0.1,1.0,10.0 mg/L was added into the medium for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively.0.1％DMSO was used at the same way as positive control group,and the regular cultured cells worked as blank controlgroup.The inhibitory rates of different concentrations of decorin on the growth of LECs were detected by MTT at 24,48and 72 hours after addition of decorin.The percentage of LECs in different cell cycles in various groups was assayedusing flow cytometry.TGF-β level in medium suspension was detected using ELISA.The expression of TGF-β mRNA in LECs was checked by RT-PCR,and α-SMA expression in LECs was determined using immunochemistry.Results ELISA assay showed a statistical difference in the TGF-β levels of different groups (F=39.24,P=0.03 ).The TGF-β levels in 1.0,10.0 mg/L decorin groups were significantly decreased in comparison with blank control group (P＜0.01) and 0.1 mg/L decorin group (P＜0.05 ).The inhibitory rates of decorin in the concentrations of ≥ 1.0 mg/L on the growth of LECs were higher than the blank control group,and those in various concentrations of decorin groups were considerably lower in 24 hours compared with 48 and 72 hours ( P＜0.05 ) and so was the 48 hours compared with 72 hours (P＜0.05 ).The percentages of LECs in G0/G1 phase were ascent in 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 mg/L decorin groups in comparison with G2/M and S phase (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry revealed the weak expression of α-SMA in various decorin groups in comparison with control group. Conclusions Decorin can effectively inhibit LECs growth and induce LECs apoptosis in concentration- and time-dependent manner.It is suggested that decorin can be used in the prevention and treatment of after cataract.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of implicit memory and its related factors in schizophrenic patients with negative and positive symptoms.Methods:Ninety-three schizophrenic patients (including 52 cases of negative symptoms group and 41 cases of positive symptoms group) and 30 normal controls (normal group) were tested with the method of Chinese character word completion method. The reaction time and correct rate were recorded and compared with analysis of variance and t-test, and the correlation with demographic factors was analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Accuracy of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group: there were statistically significant differences in the accuracy of patients with different course of disease (≤5 years: (38±5)%, 5-15 years: (34±8)%, ≥15 years: (34±7)%, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the accuracy of patients with different education levels(primary school: (35±6)%, junior and senior high school: (34±7)%, secondary college education and above: (39±5)%, P<0.05).The accuracy of patients with education years < 10 years ((34±7)%) was significantly lower than those with education years ≥10 years ((37±6)%, P<0.05).Reaction time results of implicit memory test in schizophrenia group : there were significant differences in reaction time of patients with different disease course(≤5 years: (3 248±971)ms, 5-15 years: (3 515±672)ms, ≥15 years: (3 925±842)ms, P<0.05).The differences were statistically significant in the reaction time of workers ((3 495±712)ms), farmers ((3 870±878)ms) and soldiers ((3 024±924)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of patients with clozapine ((3 869±871)ms) was significantly higher than that of patients with olanzapine ((3 393±626)ms, P<0.05).Intergroup results of accuracy: the accuracy of normal control group ((40±5)%) was significantly higher than that of negative symptom group ((33±7)%, P<0.01).The accuracy of negative symptom group was significantly lower than that of positive symptom group ((37±6)%, P<0.01).Intergroup reaction time results: the reaction time of normal control group ((2 660±667)ms) was significantly lower than that of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms, P<0.01) and positive symptom group ((3 072±865)ms, P<0.05).The reaction time of negative symptom group ((3 678±951)ms)was significantly higher than that of positive symptom group( P<0.01).There was significant negative correlation between the accuracy of implicit memory and the course of disease in schizophrenia ( r=-0.22, P<0.05). Conclusion:The implicit memory of schizophrenic patients is related to the course of disease, taking drugs, and occupation.There may have differences in implicit memory between patients with negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical value of localization of upper airway obstructive site with pressure measurements and Friedman staging system in preoperative upper airway reconstructive surgery for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and to evaluate the value of Friedman staging system in predicting the upper airway obstructive site.

METHODSOne hundred and three patients with snoring, daytime sleepiness diagnosed as OSAHS by polysomnography were first classified using Friedman staging system, and then examined using whole night recording, including airway continuous pressure measurements (Apnea Graph, AG). AG transducer catheter containing two pressure and two temperature sensors used for obstruction site determination and detection of apnea events during sleep. Obstructive sites were divided into upper (retropalatal region) or lower level (retroglossal region). Using constituent ratio to reflect the obstructive proportion of different levels so as to find the correlation between Friedman staging system and localization of upper airway obstructive site with pressure measurements performed during sleep, and to evaluate the clinical value of Friedman staging system in predicting the severity of OSAHS.

RESULTSThere was statistically significant difference in the constituent ratio of retroglossal obstruction determined by AG, according to Friedman staging system, Friedman tongue position (FTP) and tonsil size grading (F = 13.876, 7.655, 10.207 respectively, P < 0.05). The constituent ratio of retroglossal obstruction between stage IV and I, II, III (P < 0.01) was significantly different. With the increasing of Friedman staging, the constituent ratio of retroglossal obstruction had the tendency of increasing. The constituent ratio of retroglossal obstruction between FTP grade 2 and grade 3, grade 4 (P < 0.05) was significantly different. With the increasing of FTP grading, the constituent ratio of retroglossal obstruction had the tendency of increasing. The constituent ratio of retroglossal obstruction between the Friedman tonsil size grade 4 and grade 1, grade 3 (P < 0.01), grade 2 (P < 0.05) was significantly different.

CONCLUSIONSFriedman staging system, in particular the FTP grading, had a correlation with upper airway pressure measurements (AG) in determination of the lower level of upper airway obstructive site, especially the retroglossal region, which could predict the main localization of upper airway obstructive site identified by upper airway pressure measurements during the sleep.

Adult ; Aged ; Airway Obstruction ; classification ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manometry ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Snoring ; physiopathology ; Transducers, Pressure ; Young Adult