Objective To analyse the effects of OPG (osteoprotegerin, OPG) at different concentrations on activity of osteoclasts (osteoclasts, OC) , and the relationship between them in physiological activity and function.Methods The bone marrow cells of six weeks old female mice were collected and cultured in vitro on the basis of adding different levels of OPG(10, 20, 50, 100 μg/L).The relationship between OPG and OC were analysed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP) staining, F-actin cytoskeleton staining and bone resorption pits.Results OC showed adherent growth within 1h cultured, and there were no large multicore OC.Cultured for 5 days, the smaller monocytes gradually began to fusion with each other to form multinucleated cells and showed distinctive characteristics.After three days OPG treatment, the number of multicore cells gradually reduced with OPG concentration increaseing in experimental group, and showing a negative correlation between them(r=-0.516,P<0.05).And there were only a small amount of multinucleated cells at OPG concentration of 50 μg/L.At 20,50 μg/L of OPG concentration, OC number significantly decreased compared with control group (P<0.05), and when the concentration of OPG was 100μg/L, OC number showed significant reduction (P<0 01).the experimental group OPG bone resorption lacunae area, density and decrease the degree were positively correlated with concentration of OPG (r=0.459;r=0.426;r=0.389,P<0.05), and the area had a significant difference when two groups compared.Conclusion The inhibitive effects of OPG on OC function and activation increase with concentration increasing.

Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic ; complications ; therapy ; Thrombophlebitis ; etiology

AIM: To study the visual quality, dry eye and biomechanical stability of patients with myopia and astigmatism after different corneal refractive surgeries. ·METHODS: A total of 986 patients with myopia and astigmatism were selected as the research object in our hospital from July 2015 to July 2016, according to the operation mode of the selection of the research object, the 986 patients were randomly divided into small incision lenticule extraction ( SMILE) group, femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis ( FS-LASIK ) group, sub-bowman-keratomileusis ( SBK ) group and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK ) group. The postoperative visual quality was determined by comparing the diopter, uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) , best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) and high-order image difference of 25d, 90d. The postoperative dry eye condition was determined by comparing the postoperative tear secretion test ( Schirmer Ⅰ test ) , tear film rupture time ( BUT ) and fluorescence staining ( FS) . The biomechanical stability of the patients was determined by comparing the corneal hysteresis ( CH ) and corneal resistance factor ( CRF ) values of the four groups. ·RESULTS: The diopter, UCVA, BCVA and high-order aberration comparison of FS-LASIK group, SBK group and LASIK group between before and after surgery, showed no significant difference ( P>0. 05 ); on diopter, BCVA, UCVA, there was no significant difference between before and after surgery in SMILE group (P>0. 05), but statistical significance difference on high order aberration (P<0. 05). The BUT and FS value of the four groups decreased obviously after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). In LASIK group SIt after operation significantly decreased, with statistically significant compared with that before operation ( P <0. 05). After operation, CH and CRF of the four groups decreased with significant differences (P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: SMILE, FS-LASIK, SBK and LASIK are equally safe, effective and stable in the treatment of myopia and astigmatism.

Breast cancer is a major disease which threatens the health of women around the world.Breast cancer patients have acquired resistance to existing treatment methods become the current clinical problems.MicroRNA(miRNA) is an endogenous non-coding RNA that participates in the regulation of a variety of biological processes,including cell proliferation,invasion,metastasis,epithelial interstitial transformation and drug resistance.Acquired resistance includes a variety of complex mechanisms that can affect the expression of cell-associated proteins through the abnormal expression of specific microRNAs,the binding of antineoplastic agents to the corresponding target,and the pathways associated with apoptosis.This article will focus on the expression of abnormal microRNA in acquired drug resistance which was caused by endocrine therapy,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy of breast cancer.miRNAs are considered as promising biomarkers and targets for diagnosis,treatments for acquired drug resistance of breast cancer.

iple occurrence of the tumor, which can decline its recurrence and postpone its progression.

Many clinical studies showed that the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in stroke have been dynamically changing since the onset of the disease. The changing of TCM syndromes can be attributed to multiple correlative factors such as age, sex, area distribution, underlying diseases, and constitutional factor. Data-driven methods involving multivariate statistical methods and descriptive approach have been used to analyze the regularity of dynamically changed TCM syndromes of stroke. However, expressing non-linear relationship between symptom or correlative factors and syndrome patterns by data-driven models is challenging. Model-driven methods involving artificial neural networks and Bayesian networks are new methods for studying the changes in TCM syndromes in patients with stroke. In this review, the authors summarized the studies of dynamically changed patterns of stroke syndromes based on data-driven methods and some clinical trials on TCM syndromes based on model-driven methods. Further studies are needed to improve the understanding of the dynamically changing regularity of TCM syndromes for stroke by using model-driven methods so as to develop appropriate and timely TCM treatments.

OBJECTIVETo determine the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in different solvents and its n-octanol/water partition coefficients.

METHODCombining shaking flask method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the n-octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D in six organic solvents and different pH buffer solution were determined by HPLC analysis.

RESULTn-Octanol/water partition coefficients of pulchinenosiden D in different pH were greater than zero, the equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was increased with increase the pH of the buffer solution. The maximum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 255.89 g x L(-1) in methanol, and minimum equilibrium solubility of pulchinenosiden D was 0.20 g x L(-1) in acetonitrile.

CONCLUSIONUnder gastrointestinal physiological conditions, pulchinenosiden D exists in molecular state and it has good absorption but poor water-solubility, so increasing the dissolution rate of pulchinenosiden D may enhance its bioavailability.

1-Octanol ; chemistry ; Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kinetics ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Pulsatilla ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

To investigate the morphogenetic process of human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41), 293TE cells were infected with purified wild-type HAdV-41, and ultrathin sections of infected cells were prepared and observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results showed that HAdV-41 entered host cells mainly through three ways: non-clathrin-coated pit, clathrin-coated pit, and direct penetration of plasma membrane. In addition, cell microvilli might help HAdV-41 enter cells. After entering into cells, HAdV-41 virus particles could be found in vacuoles or lysosomes or be in a free state in cytoplasm. Only free virus particles could be found near nuclear pores (NP), suggesting that the virus needed to escape from lysosomes for effective infection and viral nucleoprotein entered the nucleus through NP. Progeny viruses were as-sembled in the nucleus. Three types of inclusion bodies, which were termed as fibrillous inclusion body, condense inclusion body, and stripped condense inclusion body, were involved in HAdV-41 morphogenesis. In the late phase of viral replication, the membrane integrity of the infected cells was lost and viral particles were released extracellularly. This study reveals the partial process of HAdV-41 morphogenesis and provides more biological information on HAdV-41.
Adenovirus Infections, Human ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane ; virology ; Cell Nucleus ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Release ; Virus Replication

Objective To analyze the adult hemophagocytic syndrome' s pathogeny,clinical features,prognostic factors and therapeutic options.Methods 18 cases of adult hemophagocytic syndrome were analyzed,the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate the total survival rate,and 17 clinical pathological factors and clinical treatment methods which may influence survival were analyzed by Log-rank test in the univariate analysis.Results In this group of patients,EBV infection and malignant lymphoma were the most common initiating diseases.The most common clinical features were peripheral cytopenia in two or three lineages (100 ％),fever (83 ％),splenomegaly (78 ％),swollen lymph nodes (56 ％).The mortality rates as high as 66.7 ％.The median survival time was 7.4 weeks.One-way ANOVA results showed that the initial symptoms as fever (P =0.039),age ＞ 30 years old (P =0.031),enlargement of the liver (P =0.041),Hb ＜ 100 g/L and Ph ＜ 50 g/L (P =0.039) were relevant prognostic factors.Conclusion Adult hemophagocytic syndrome patients with fever as the initial symptoms,age ＞ 30 years old,liver enlargement,Hb ＜ 100 g/L,Plt ＜ 50 g/L indicates poor prognosis,thus these patients having HPS risk factors should be given active chemotherapy and supportive therapy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic Sirolimus-eluting stents (Firebird) and imported Zotalimus-eluting stents ( Resolute) in the treatment of patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease ( ULMCA) . Methods We retrospectively enrolled 76 patients with ULMCA treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) under the guidance of IVUS in our hospital. According to the different stents used in the procedure, the patients were divided into two groups: Domestic Sirolimus-Eluting Stents group (Firebird group, n = 42) and Imported Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents group (Resolute group, n = 34) . We analyzed the baseline characteristics, coronary artery lesion characteristics, stenting strategies and any changes in left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) in both groups and investigated the long-term clinical outcomes. Results There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics, the SYNTAX scores of the coronary artery lesion and the rate of complete revascularization between the two groups. Compared with that in Firebird group, there were more cases involving the distal left main (79. 4% vs. 45. 2% , P ﹤ 0. 05) and more patients using two stents strategies (29. 4% vs. 7. 1% , P ﹤ 0. 05) in the Resolute group. The change in LVEF post-PCI had no difference between the two groups. The patients were followed up for a mean of (23. 3 ± 10. 7) months. During the follow-up period, the occurrence of MACCE had no significant difference between the two groups. In the Firebird group, there were one sudden cardiac death, one nonfatal myocardial infarction, one stroke and five patients with recurrence of angina pectoris. In the Resolute group there were one sudden cardiac death, one target lesion revascularization and four patients with recurrence of angina pectoris. Conclusions Compared with the imported Zotalimus-Eluting Stents, the domestic Sirolimus-Eluting Stents are safe and effective in the treatment of patients with unprotected left main lesions under the guidance of IVUS. The two kinds of stent showed similar long-term clinical outcomes.