Objective: To analyze the recombination of full-length genomic sequences of novel influenza virus A/H1N1 in 2009 pandemic. Methods: The full-length sequences of the novel A/H1N1 and reference sequences were downloaded from NCBI database. MEGA4.0 software was used to connect, align sequences, and analyze the similarity between the full-length sequences of the novel virus and each of the reference strains. Recombination was analyzed by Simplot software (version 3.5.1). Results: Simplot analysis indicated that the PB1 genes (polymerase B1, PB1) of the novel A/H1N1 viruses might evolve from human H3N2 virus (identity: 93.7%); the PB2 genes (polymerase B2, PB2) and the PA genes (polymerase A, PA) might evolve from avian H5N1 viruses (identity: 89.0%, 89.9%, respectively); the HA genes (hemagglutinin, HA), the NP genes (nucleoprotein, NP) and the NS genes (non-structural protein, NS) showed high similarities with those of swine H1N1 viruses isolated in North America (identity: 91.7%, 93.1%, and 93.1%, respectively); and the NA genes (neuraminidase, NA) and the MP genes (matrix protein, MP) might evolve from European swine H1N1 viruses (identity: 90.5%, 95.5%, respectively). The full-length sequence of the novel A/H1N1 viruses had a highest similarities with swine H1N1 viruses isolated in North America (identity: 83.9%). Conclusion: The novel influenza virus A/H1N1 is a recombinant virus evolving from human H3N2 viruses, swine H1N1 from North America, swine H1N1 from Europe, and swine H5N1 from Asia.

Objective: To investigate the role of HBV subgenotypes B2, C2 in the carcinogenesis, treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: HBV genotypes and subgenotypes were detected in 462 HCC patients and 234 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients by a multiplex PCR assay, and HCC patients infected with HBV B2 or C2 were followed up for a year after surgical resection, transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) or a combination of both. Results: The HCC patients infected with HBV C2 had a higher chance to receive surgical treatment than those with B2 (P=0.007). Age of 40 years or older (P=0.030), male gender (P= 0.000), and viral load (>10 000 copies/ml) (P=0.017) were the independent risk factors for the carcinoge-nesis of HCC by using multivariate logistic analysis; however, there was no significant difference in the carcinogenesis of HCC between CHB patients with HBV subgenotypes B2 and C2. Age of 50 years or younger (P=0.044), infection with HBV B2 (P=0.027), and non-surgical treatment (P=0.000) were the independent risk factors for the recurrence of HCC. Thick trabecular type was more prevalent in HCC patients infected with HBV B2, C2 and genotype mixture (85.7%, 71.2% and 75.0%, respectively), and the proportions of histopathological types were not significantly different between HCC patients infected with HBV B2, C2 and genotype mixture. HBV subgenotype C2 was found in all HCC patients with rare histopathological type and subgenotype B2 and mixture were no found. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the carcinogenesis of HCC between CHB patients with HBV subgenotypes B2 and C2. The HCC patients infected with HBV B2 have a lower chance to receive surgical treatment and are more severe than those with C2. HBV B2 is also closely associated with recurrence of HCC.

Objective: To elucidate the distribution of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and asymptomatic HBV carriers(ASC) in Shanghai and areas around Shanghai, and to analyze the role of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in the carcinogenesis and progress of HBV-related diseases. Methods: The HBV genotypes and subgenotypes were determined in 462 HCC patients, 234 CHB patients and 110 ASCs from Shanghai and areas around Shanghai by a multiplex PCR assay. Results: Genotypes A, B, C and D and subgenotypes B2, C1 and C2 were detected. Genotype C(mainly C2, 98.5%) and B(B2, 100%) were more prevalent than other genotypes in our group. Compared with CHB group, HCC group had higher proportion of genotype C(P=0.009) and lower proportion of genotype B(P=0.045). In the patients infected with HBV subgenotypes B2 or C2, the expression of HBeAg in CHB group was significantly higher than that in HCC group(P=0.005; P=0.008), and the expression of anti-HBe was lower in CHB group(P=0.003,P=0.001). In HCC patients, expression of HBeAg in patients infected with mixture genotype was higher than that in those infected with other genotypes(P=0.016 for B2). HCC patients (aged from 40 to 60) with HBV B2 infection had lower viral load than those with C2 and genotype mixture(P=0.029, P=0.021); and patients with HBV C2 infection had lower viral load than those with genotype mixture(P=0.041). Conclusion: Subgenotype C2 is more prevalent than B2 in people living in Shanghai and areas around Shanghai. The compositions of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes are different in patients with CHB, HCC and ASCs. Co-infection with different HBV-genotypes is associated with higher viral load, expression of HBeAg and easier carcinogenesis of HCC.

Animals ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

Aging ; Health ; Humans ; Longevity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)against exercise-induced fatigue in mice.

METHODSTotal 120 mice were randomly divided into three groups and tested separately. For each test, there were 30 mice subdivided into high dose (50 mg/kg . d EGCG) and low dose (10 mg/kg . d EGCG) groups as well as saline control group(1 ml/kg . d) with 10 in each. Burden swimming, running wheel endurance, stick climbing and hypoxia tolerance exercise were used to establish fatigue mice training model in three groups. And intraperitoneal injection with different doses of EGCG per day for consecutively 28 days and the mice in the control group were treated with normal saline. After the last each test, the blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), muscle glycogen (MG) and liver glycogen (LG) of each group of mice were determined.

RESULTSEGCG treatment groups(B and C)revealed a prolonged the mice survival time of burden swimming test, hypoxia tolerance, running wheel time and the ability of stick climbing(P < 0.05 or P <0.01), and increased LDH activity and MG and LG contents, reduced contents of BLA and BUN. High dose group had an obviously increase effect than lower dose group(P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONEGCG has significant effects against exercise-induced fatigue in mice.

Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Exercise Tolerance ; Fatigue ; drug therapy ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Mice ; Physical Conditioning, Animal

Bc58 is a UV resistant wild type strain that has an ability to produce a sorrel pigment induced by L-tyrosine.The FT-IR spectra and chemical tests of its pigment are similar to that of the standard melanin(Sigma).By bioassay shows that the LC_(50) of a Bt formulation added with the melanin of Bc58 and exposed to UV for 5 h is 16.1?g/mL,which is similar to that of Bt formulation without treated with UV,however,it is almost double higher than that of Bt formulation exposed to UV without the melanin of Bc58.The result of SDS-PAGE indicates that the melanin of Bc58 can protect the insecticidal crystal proteins from degradation.It suggests that an excellent UV protective agent to the insecticidal crystal proteins of Bt formulation.

0.05), but the level of albumin dropped significantly(P

Objective To explore the establishment and application of a centralized purchase and distribution mode for medical instruments.Methods The centralized purchase and distribution mode was constructed based on the professional distributor and logistics team,and the application of medical instruments intra-hospital supply,processing and distribution (SPD) system was analyzed in the centralized purchase.Results Centralized purchase and distribution enhanced management efficiency and decreased inventory cost,and SPD system simplified the distribution mode and increased transport efficacy.Conclusion It's pointed out that professional logistics services be introduced to assist hospitals in centralized purchase and distribution.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus(GEFS+ ). Methods The data of one family with GEFS+ were retrospectively analyzed by studying clinical manifestations, physical examinations, electroencephalogram(EEG), 24 hours dynamic EEG monitoring, et al. Some of the patients were examined by CT. Results Ⅳ 12, her chief complaints when admitted to hospital were frequent spasm for 3 days. She began to appear febrile seizures (FS) from 8 months after birth, and frequent generalized tonic - clonic FS appeared during that time. There were 36 people in 5 generations of the family including 14 patients (8 males and 6 females) ,aged from 4 years and 5 months to 82 years. FS presented in 8 cases (Ⅱ 2, Ⅲ1, Ⅲ4, Ⅲ6, Ⅳ1, Ⅳ11, Ⅳ17, Ⅴ2),febrile seizures plus(FS +) in 4 cases ( Ⅳ2, Ⅳ12, Ⅳ13, Ⅳ14), ES + and absence seizures in 1 case ( Ⅴ1 ), uncertain type in 1 case (Ⅰ2). The results of EEG indicated that 12 cases were normal and 4 cases with FS+ and 1 case with absence seizures had epileptic discharges. Apart form Ⅳ13, Ⅳ14 who were treated with magnesium valproate, the dosage for the other patients decreased, or medicine terminated or without medicine, and all the patients had no recurrence of seizures. The intelligence, movement development and neurological examinations of the family were all normal. Head CT scan of 3 cases were normal. Conclusions GEFS+ is autosomal dominant inheritance disease with conspicuous genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic heterogeneity. The apprehension of GEFS+ plays an important role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epilepsy in childhood.