Acute Coronary Syndrome ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; metabolism ; Humans

The academic connotation of "pathogenic factors" is discussed in this article from three aspects of etiology,diagnosis and treatment.It is considered that endogenous or exogenous pathogenic factors oppose to and destruct healthy energy.TCM pathogenic factors,obtained from "examining syndromes for causes of diseases",are diverged from physical,chemical and biological those in modern medicine.What is meant by "therapy of expelling pathogenic factors" is not a single method of dispelling toxin and killing germs,but the resort of regulating the integrated abilities of the human body fighting against pathogenic factors.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in clinical efficacy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at stable stage in the patients among the combined therapy of cutting method and western medication (combined therapy), simple cutting method and simple western medication.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty cases of COPD were randomized into three groups, 40 cases in each one. In the cutting method group, for excessive phlegm pattern/syndrome, Feishu (BL 13), Danzhong (CV 17), Dingchuan (EX-B 1) and Yuji (LU 10) were selected as the main acupoints, and Lieque (LU 7) and Pianli (LI 6) were as the supplementary acupoints. For the pattern/syndrome of failure to consolidate kidney primary, Shenshu (BL 23), Pishu (BL 20), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Yuji (LU 10) were selected as main acupoints, and Jueyinshu (BL 14) and Zusanli (ST 36) were as the supplementary acupoint. Three acupoints were selected alternatively in each treatment and the cutting method was applied once every 10 days. Three treatments made one session. Two sessions of treatment were required. In the western medication group, salbutamol sulfate aerosol, one press (200 μg/press) was used each night, as well as salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate powder for inhalation, one inhalation each night. The treatment of 1 month made one session. Two sessions were required. In the combined therapy group, the cutting method and western medication were applied in combination. The results of clinical symptom score, lung function test, arterial blood gas analysis, degree of inflation as well as clinical efficacy were observed before and after treatment in each group.

RESULTSExcept the degree of lung inflation, the clinical symptom score, indices of lung function test, partial pressure of arterial blood gas (PaO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were all obviously improved after treatment as compared with those before treatment in each group (all P<0.05). They were apparently improved after treatment in the combined therapy group and the cutting method group as compared with those in the western medication group (all P<0.05). The total effective rate was 77.5% (31/40) in the combined therapy group and was 75.0% (30/40) in the cutting method group, both better than 60.0% (24/40) in the western medication group (both P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe simple cutting method based on syndrome differentiation and the combined therapy with western medication achieve the superior efficacy on COPD at stable stage as compared with the simple western medication. The effect mechanism is possibly related to the improvement of bronchial airway function through constant acupoint stimulation.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Albuterol ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Androstadienes ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Fluticasone ; Humans ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Salmeterol Xinafoate ; Treatment Outcome

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Female ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Male ; Microcirculation ; physiology ; Rats ; Splanchnic Circulation ; physiology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of immunosuppressants on in- duction of apoptosis of peripheral T lymphocytes.Methods T lymphocytes were derived from healthy donors and activated by super antigen SEB.The rest or activated T lymphocytes were incubated with immunosuppressants such as myophenolate mofetil (MMF),cyclosporine A (CsA),FK506,azathio- prine (Aza),sirolimus (SRL),prednisone (Pred),and daclizumab (Dac,anti-CD25mAb),alone or combined,for 3 days.The incidence of apoptosis was determined by the methods of confocal microsco- py,flow cytometer,DNA-ladder fragmentation electrophoresis,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gene amplification profiles.The quantitive assay of IL-2 and Fas in the cul- ture medium was also performed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit.Results Apoptosis in rest T lymphocytes was just induced by Pred among various immunosuppressants.MMF,Aza,and Pred promoted apoptosis in activated T lymphocytes (P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but it was blocked by CsA,FK506,SRL,and Dac (P＜0.01).After adding two or three kinds of immunosuppressants, the incidence of apoptosis in activated T lymphocytes was apparently lower than in control group (P＜0.01).The expression of Fas and IL-2 by activated T lymphocytes was inhibited by FK506 and CsA (P＜0.05).Conclusion MMF,Aza,and Pred may induce apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes via the signal pathway of Fas/Fasl.CsA and FK506 could inhibit the apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes by blocking the production of IL-2.Also,SRL and Dac can block the apoptosis of activated T lympho- cyte by interfering with the effect of IL-2 on T lymphocytes activation process.

RT-PCR amplification of ginseng ?-amyrin synthase gene was successfully performed based on the total RNAs extracted from ginseng hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 using a modified guanidine isothiocyanate-method. Sequence analysis of this gene revealed that its sequence was consistent with the sequence of a previously reported ginseng ?-amyrin synthase gene (GenBank No. AB009030). This gene was inserted into pMD-119T simple vector and transformed into E.coli DH5?. Furthermore antisense plant expression vector of this gene was constructed using the pBI121 vector, laying foundation for studies on antisense regulation of ginseng ?-amyrin synthase gene.

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of transhepatic arterial infusion embolization using microspheres combined with lipiodol for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Transhepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE)was performed with 1-2 ml 300-500?m mierospheres and 10-20 ml lipiodol for treatment of HCC.Changes of liver function,AFP,responses of tumor and complications related to embolization were analyzed before and after TACE.Results Thirty six patients with HCC were enrolled into this study.After TACE,patients' liver function got worsen and tumor size decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion TACE with use of microspheres combined with lipiodol is an effective treatment for HCC,but should be taken carefully to avoid hepatic failure.

Asbestos ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; Mesothelioma ; chemically induced ; Peritoneal Neoplasms ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVEDiscusses the distributive characters of the Creatine Kinase MM (CKMM) gene A/G Polymorphism in XinjiangUyghur, One hundred and fourtheen athletes and 441 general population of Uyghur were involved in the study.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used.

RESULTS(1) The CKMM gene A/G frequency in Uyghur general population was(AA, AG and GG) 0.497, 0.392 and 0.111, the result test by Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium and x² = 2.72, P = 0.1, df = 2, indicated that the control group had representative. (2) AA, AG and GG genotype frequency of power-oriented athlete respectively was 0.442,0.302 and 0.256, frequency of GG genotype and G allele was higher than the control group, there were significant differences compared to thecontrol( P < 0.05, df = 2); (3) A/G genotype frequency of Endurance-oriented athletere spectively was 0.571, 0.400 and 0.029, there were nosignificant differences compared to the controls ( P > 0. 05, df = 2). (4) A/G genotype frequency of Uyghur soccer athletes respectively was0.472, 0.361 and 0.167, G allele was higher than the Endurance-oriented athlete and lower than the power-oriented athletes. and no significant differences compared to the controls( P > 0.05, df = 2).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the CKMM gene GG genotype and G alleleare represented in power-oriented athletes, but don't find A/G polymorphism correlation with endurance and the football sport performance.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Athletes ; Athletic Performance ; China ; Creatine Kinase, MM Form ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Physical Endurance ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Staff, Hospital ; Occupational Exposure ; Poisoning ; therapy