Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; complications

Objective To study the feasibility of defining the internal gross tumor volume (IGTV) of hepatocellular carcinoma applying the enhanced four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images with deformable registration technology.Methods Ten HCC patients who accepted radiation therapy were selected in this study.The 4DCT in free breathing,non-enhanced 3DCT and arterial phase enhanced 3DCT in end inspiration breath holding associated with active breathing coordinator were acquired sequentially.4DCT were sorted into ten series CT images according to breath phase,and named CT00,CT10..…CT90.Gross tumor volume (GTV) were contoured on different CT series and the IGTV1 was merged by ten phases GTVs of 4DCT.The GTV of enhanced 3DCT was registered to different CT series of 4DCT and the IGTVDR was obtained by merging the GTVs after deformable registration.The target volumes differences were compared by paired t-test.Results The edge of tumor was difficult to define on 4DCT and non-enhanced 3DCT images.The enhanced 3DCT image showed clearer tumor edge,and the GTV increased by mean 37.99％ compared to GTV on 4DCT different series images and non-enhanced 3DCT image (P =0.002).The GTV after deformable registration on 4DCT different phase images increased by mean 36.34％ (P =0.011),which were similar to GTV on enhanced 3DCT image (P =0.632).The IGTVDR increased by 19.91％ (P =0.017),compared to IGTV1.Conclusions The contrast-enhanced 4DCT image which was obtained by combining enhanced 3DCT and 4DCT images with deformable registration technology could raise the position precision of the HCC IGTV effectively.

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effects of saponines of stem and leaf of Panax notoginseng (PNSSL) on acute myocardial ischemia in anaesthetic dogs.

METHODThe acute ischemia models were made by ligation of left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The myocardial blood flow (MBF) was determined by ultrasonic doppler. The experiments adopted epicardiogram mapping to measure the scope and degree of myocardial ischemia, quantitative histologic assay (nitroblue tetrazolium, N-BT stain) to determine the size of myocardial infarction. And the endothelin (ET) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured by radioimmunological assay.

RESULTPNSSL was showed to obviously alleviate the degree of myocardial ischemia (sigma-ST) and narrow the ischemic area indicated by N-BT staining. In addition, PNSSL could increase the MBF of ischemia section. And the treatment could inhibit the ET and TXB2 release induced by ischemia and infarction.

CONCLUSIONPNSSL demonstrated to attenuate the damage subjected to myocardial ischemia and infarction, which may be due to its function of inhibiting the ET and TXA2 release, increasing the MBF, and then improving the damaged cardiac function.

Animals ; Coronary Circulation ; drug effects ; Dogs ; Endothelins ; blood ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Thromboxane B2 ; blood

Objective To investigate the effects of prescription of nourishing blood and stretching of stoke (PNBSS) on the levels of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1αin serum of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease (AICD);To discuss its action mechanism in AICD treatment. Methods Ninety patients with AICD were randomly divided into trial group and control group, 45 cases in each group. The control group received western routine treatment, while the trail group received the western routine treatment plus PNBSS, one dose per day, for one week. Rating scale of neurologic deficit was employed to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Venous blood was collected before the treatment and on the 3rd and 7th days of treatment. Levels of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1αin serum were detected respectively. Results The score of neurologic deficit of post-treatment in two groups apparently decreased compared with baseline (P<0.01), and score of neurologic deficit in trial group on 7th day was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate in trial group was 93.3%, which was apparently higher than that of control group (84.4%). The level of TXB2 in serum and ratio of TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α (T/P) in two groups on 3rd and 7th days remarkably decreased compared with baseline (P<0.01), while the level of 6-Keto-PGF1α in two groups on 3rd and 7th days was higher than that of baseline (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the level of TXB2 and ratio of T/P in two groups on 7th day were apparently lower than that of 3rd day (P<0.01), and the level of 6-Keto-PGF1αon 7th day was higher than that of 3rd day (P<0.01). The level of TXB2 in serum and ratio of T/P on 3rd and 7th days in trial group were apparently lower than that of control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the level of 6-Keto-PGF1α on 3rd and 7th days in trial group was apparently higher than that of control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion One of the mechanisms of PNBSS for AICD appears to inhibit overavtivity of thrombocyte, and regulate the misadjustment of ratio of T/P.

The incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines is related to the clinical medication safety, so has attracted wide attentions from the public. With the deepening of studies on the incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines represented by 18 incompatible herbs, the incompatibility of theory traditional Chinese medicines has raised to new heights. From the origin of incompatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicines, relationship of herbs, harms of incompatible herbs and principle of prevention to toxic effects of specific incompatible medicines, the innovation and development of the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility theory was explored. Structurally, the incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicines refers to the opposition of two herbs based on seven emotions and clinical experience. The combination of incompatible herbs may lead to human harms, especially latent harm and inefficacy of intervention medicines. The avoidance of the combination of incompatible herbs and the consideration of both symptoms and drug efficacy are the basic method to prevent adverse reactions. The recent studies have revealed five characteristics of incompatible herbs. Toxicity potentiation, toxication, efficacy reduction and inefficacy are the four manifestations of the incompatible relations. The material changes can reflect the effects of toxicity potentiation and toxication of opposite herbs. The accumulation of toxicity and metabolic changes are the basis for latent harms. The antagonistic effect of main efficacies and the coexistence of positive and negative effects are the distinctive part of the incompatibility. The connotation of incompatible herbs plays an important role in the innovation of the traditional Chinese medicine incompatibility theory.
Drug Incompatibility ; Drug Therapy ; history ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; pharmacology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Nanping City, Fujian province and to provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures as well as evaluating the efficacy of prevention and treatment. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence data of HFMD in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. Results　A total of 49 231 cases of HFMD were reported in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. The incidence fluctuated greatly over the 10-year period, ranging from 76.10/100 000 to 308.93/100 000, with an average incidence of 184.99/100 000 per year. The overall incidence and the number of cases showed a fluctuating downward trend over time, but the incidence was high in the next year, and there were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates between different years(χ2=8 169.176, P<0.001). There were significant regional differences in the incidence, the top three average annual incidence rates were: Guanze County (370.76/100 000), Zhenghe County (295.31/100 000) and Wuyishan City (250.31/100 000). There were two peaks of HFMD incidence each year, with the first occurring in May and June and the second occurring in September and October. The incidence rate was higher among males (215.86/100 000) than females (152.93/100 000), and males were more susceptible than females (RR=1.412, 95%CI=1.387-1.438). The cases were mainly aged 0-4 years, accounting for 86.25% (42 461/49 231) of all cases, and the incidence rate gradually decreased with increasing age (χ2trend=570,105.801, P<0.001). The majority of cases (85.22%, 41 953/49 231) occurred in children living in scattered areas, followed by children in kindergartens (12.39%, 6 101/49 231). The etiological results showed a total of 3 476 laboratory-confirmed cases, and the proportion of three (classes) of enterovirus positivity varied each year, with different pathogen compositions showing statistical significance (χ2=584.613, P<0.001). In addition to the years 2015-2017, during which Cox A16 and EV71 were the dominant strains, other years were dominated by other enteroviruses, with EV71 being the main type in severe and fatal cases of HFMD in Nanping City. Conclusion　Nanping City should strengthen health education for children living in the diaspora and in day-care centers, enhance surveillance of epidemics and pathogenology, improve vaccination rates against EV71, focus on the detection and typing of other enteroviruses, and implement effective prevention and control measures for HFMD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanisms of hawthorn leaves flavonoids (HLF) on acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in anesthetized dogs.

METHODSThe acute ischemia models were prepared by ligating left anterior descending (LAD) artery for 60 min. Qualified 15 male dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 in each group: blank control (treated with normal saline 3 mL/kg) group, HLF low dosage (5 mg/kg) group and high dosage (10 mg/kg) group, with an once injection through a femoral vein 5 min before reperfusion. Epicardial electrocardiogram was adopted to measure the scope and degree of myocardial ischemia. Simultaneously, neutrophil infiltration in infarct (Inf) and remote site (RS) of myocardial tissue was measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay. The serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α) content were quantified by radioimmuno-assay. Furthermore, expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in Inf and RS tissue were detected by Western blotting technique.

RESULTSIschemia and reperfusion increased the MPO activity and IL-1 and TNF-α content. HLF (10 and 5 mg/kg) could significantly decrease the degree and scope of myocardial ischemia; markedly inhibit the increase of MPO activity, and IL-1 and TNF-α content induced by myocardial ischemia/infarction. Furthermore, HLF increased GRK2 expression and inhibited NF-κB expression in Inf tissue.

CONCLUSIONHLF could improve the situation of acute myocardial ischemia and inhibit the inflammation in anesthetized dogs, which might be due to its increasing effect on the GRK2 and NF-κB expressions.

Anesthesia ; Animals ; Crataegus ; chemistry ; Dogs ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Inflammation ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; drug therapy ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Random Allocation

BACKGROUNDThe relationship between cyclosporine-induced chronic nephrotoxicity (CAN) and renin-angiotensin II in humans is still contradictory. This study was conducted to detect the levels of renin and angiotensin II (ANGII) both in renal tissue and plasma from kidney transplantation patients suffering from CAN.

METHODSTwenty-six patients with allograft biopsy-proven CsA-related chronic nephrotoxicity (CAN group) and chronic rejection (control group) were enrolled in this study. Renal tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with renin and ANGII antibodies. Renin and ANGII plasma levels were measured when the biopsy was performed. The relationship between expression of renin or ANGII and clinicopathological manifestations were also investigated. The cyclosporine plasma level was obtained 2 hours after morning dose (C2). In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and rat mesangial cells (MC) were incubated with different concentrations of CsA (0, 250, 500, 1000 microg/L) for 24 hours. Secretion and expression of renin and ANGII was measured by radioimmunoassay or immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSRenal pathological scores for renin and ANGII expression were significantly higher in specimens of CAN than in controls (P < 0.05). The plasma levels of renin, ANGII and C(2) in the CAN group were higher than the control group, but no significant difference was found ((0.37 +/- 0.12) ng x ml(-1)x h(-1) vs (0.20 +/- 0.10) ng x ml(-1) x h(-1), P = 0.076; (122.69 +/- 26.73) pg/ml vs (121.88 +/- 36.35) pg/ml, P = 0.977; (719.04 +/- 55.89) ng/ml vs (658.80 +/- 90.78) ng/ml, P = 0.196, respectively). In vitro, renin as well as ANGII expression increased significantly in both HUVEC and MC after the cells were incubated with CsA for 24 hours (P < 0.05). CsA also stimulated the secretion of ANGII in HUVEC and MC in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONSRenal allograft biopsy is important to differentiate chronic CsA-related nephropathy from chronic rejection. The intrarenal renin angiotensin system plays an important role in CsA-related chronic nephropathy. The histological lesions of CsA nephrotoxicity fail to correspond spontaneously to either the change of C2 level or the change of renin and ANGII plasma level. CsA stimulates the secretion of ANGII and the expression of renin and ANGII in HUVEC and MC. Blockage of RAS may be helpful for therapeutic intervention in the progression of CsA-related chronic nephropathy.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiotensin II ; analysis ; blood ; Cyclosporine ; adverse effects ; Endothelial Cells ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; adverse effects ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renin ; analysis ; blood ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; drug effects

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities and tumorigenesis. In this paper, a case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome family was reported, and its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features and methods of treatment were discussed by reviewing relevant literatures.
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of pulmonary function in children with atypical asthma with chest tightness as the chief complaint before and after a bronchial provocation test.

METHODSThis study included 34 children with atypical asthmas who underwent bronchial provocation test between January 2010 and December 2013. Thirty-four children with typical asthmas were selected as the control group. The pulmonary function of the atypical asthma group was examined before and after the bronchial provocation test and compared with that of the control group in the acute episode and remission stages.

RESULTSThe forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory flow 25%, 50%, 75% (FEF25, FEF50, FEF75), and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF75/25) in the atypical asthma group before the bronchial provocation test were (105±12)%, (104±12)%, (100±7)%, (88±13)%, (90±14)%, (81±17)%, (73±25)%, and (80±17)%, respectively; these functional indices were significantly higher than in the control group in the acute episode stage (P<0.05), but were similar to those of the control group in the remission stage (P>0.05). In addition, no significant difference in pulmonary indices was observed between the atypical asthma group after the bronchial provocation test and the control group in the acute episode stage (P>0.05), but functional indices above were significantly lower in the atypical asthma group after the bronchial provocation test than in the control group in the remission stage and the atypical asthma group before the bronchial provocation test (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBronchial provocation test is useful in the diagnosis of atypical asthma in children.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male