Recent studies have suggested that C-peptide in the nanomolar concentration range binds specifically to cell surfaces and plays an important role in the pathological mechanism of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, via improving the microcirculation, diminishing glomerular hyperfiltration, reducing urinary albumin excretion, protecting the cardiac function and preventing nerve dysfunction. The effects of C-peptide on the development of the chromic diabetic complications and its mechanisms are reviewed.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Granulosa Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Humans

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN) in children.Methods Clinical and pathological features were analyzed and correlated in 73 cases with renal biopsy-confirmed(HBV-GN).Sixty-six boys and 7 girls aged from 1 to 14 years old were included in this study,accounting for 14.4% in children under-(going) renal biopsy in the same period.Results Nephrotic syndrome(NS) was the prodominant clinical manifestation(53/73,72.6%),followed by glomerulonephritis(15/73,20.5%) and hematuria with proteinuria(5/73,6.9%).Serologic markers of HBV were found in all cases.Among them,55 cases(75%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg),hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) and anti-hepatitis B core(anti-HBc),14 cases(19.2%)positive for HBsAg,anti-HBe and anti-HBc,2 cases positive for HBsAg and anti-HBc,1 child positive for HBsAg and HBeAg,and another only positive for anti-HBc.The most common pathological type of HBV-GN was membranous nephropathy(MN),which was found in 69 cases(94.5%),followed by membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN),2 cases(2.7%),respectively.All cases with NS presented themselves with MN.The pathological grades were significantly correlated with clinical manifestations through double trend analysis(?~2=5.22 P=0.022).Conclusions MN is predominant in childhood HBV-GN,which mainly presented with NS.Their clinical patterns are somewhat correlated with pathological grades.

Animals ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Synapses ; physiology

Objective To investigate the optimum scanning parameters for multi-slice spiral CT aorta imaging so as to emphasize the contrast delay time and the method of image reconstruction.Methods 21 cases of patients were scanned with contrast enhancement by the method of bolus tracking.The contrast medicine was injected through elbow vein.Flow speed was 3.0ml/s,and contrast usage was 1.5 to 2ml/ kg.Scanning was triggered when the density of the enhancement at ROI arose to a prescribed value.After data acquisition and reconstruction,the aorta was displayed.Results The average time for the influx of contrast in aorta was 20 seconds.Data was reformatted with the thickness of 2.5mm and 50% overlapping.VR,CPR,MIP and SSD images were reconstructed.Conclusion With constant tracking of density by Smartprep software,the optimized scanning parameters and the proper image post-processing techniques,aorta can be clearly displayed.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):88-89]

Objective To explore the clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with DM and related factors. Method The manifestations of 87 newly diagnosed PTB patients with type 2 DM(DM-PTB group) at two hospitals in Tianjin during October 2003 to October 2004 were compared to 88 PTB patients without DM who were randomly choosen from the same hosipital.The factors related to sputum-positive TB or cavity were explored through unconditional logistic regression model. Results DM-PTB patients showed significanly lower frequencies of cough(66.7% vs 83.0%),toxicity symptoms(37.9% vs 62.5%) and haemoptysis(16.1% vs 33.0%) than those of PTB group.Positive-sputum(63.2% vs 34.1%),cavity(56.3% vs 13.6%),wide lesions and bilateral lesions on chest radiographs was more common in DM-PTB group than in PTB one.Introversion(OR=1.582, 95%CI:1.063 ～2.355),type 2 DM(OR =2.186,95% CI:1.082 ~4.420)and cavity(OR =2.793,95% CI:1.308 ～5.964)were factors independently associated with positive-sputum TB.The factors related to cavity included diabetes(OR=14.199,95%CI:5.376~ 37.501),cough,postive sputum and lore-up lobe lesion.Conclusion This study confirmed that clinical manifestations and chest radiographs of PTB patients complicated with type 2 DM significantly departed from the typical presentation.Type 2 DM seems to have a negative effect on postive-sputum and cavity.So it should be alarmed that DM-PTB patients who tend to have untypical clinical symptom and higher rate of positive sputum become the reservoirs of infection to cause the transmission of TB.

Alagille Syndrome ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objectives:To study the effect of Basen on the sensitivity of insulin in diabetes mellitus.Methods:Blood glucose,lipoprotein,insulin,C-peptide were assayed after and before the administration of Basen.Results:Levels of insulin,blood glucose,and C-peptide were lowered after four weeks administration of Basen,which changed contrarily to ISI.Conclusions:Basen has effects not only on lowering blood glucose but also on improving the insulin resistance.

Mucosal adjuvants play important roles in vaccine development. By now, the common used mucosal adjuvants can be divided into three categories: the bacterial derivatives, cytokines and chemokines, and antigen delivery systems. Progresses of the three kinds of adjuvants were reviewed to give a reference to novel vaccine research.