Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Urticaria ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the impact of down-regulation of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) on RUNX3 expressions,proliferation and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer.Methods The expressions of EZH2 and RUNX3 in 38 pancreatic cancer patients and human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1,PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot,respectively.Cells were transfected with siEZH2 by lipofectamin 2000.Real time-PCR and western blot were used to detect EZH2 and RUNX3 expressions.Cell growth and apoptosis in vitro and vivo were assessed by MTT,flow cytometry and nude mice experiments,respectively.The correlation among the expressions of EZH2,clinical pathological features and overall survival rate were analyzed.Results Elevated EZH2 and decreased RUNX3 expressions were observed in human pancreatic cancer tissues and cells (P ＜ 0.05).Knockdown of EZH2 reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro and vivo by upregulating RUNX3 protein expression (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the EZH2 expressions were correlated with tumor stage,lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EZH2 expressions were correlated with malignancy and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer.Tumor cell proliferation was promoted by EZH2 through down-regulation of RUNX3.EZH2 may be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVETo study the constituents with the pain-relieving activity from the stem rind of Daphne giraldii.

METHODThe partition of the ethanol extract and chromatographic separation of the fractions were carried out by the monitoring of anelgesic pharmacological activity. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by MS and NMR.

RESULTFour compounds were isolated from the pain-relieving fraction. Three of them were identified as diterpenes, gniditrin (1), gnidicin (2) and daphnetoxin (3). Compound 4 was determined as Z-octadecyl caffeate.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2 and 4 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Analgesics ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Daphne ; chemistry ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

The study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of water extract of Potentilla anserina (PA) on myelosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide based on metabonomics. The myelosuppressive mouse model was established by injected with cyclophosphamide and treated with water extract of PA. Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral hemogram and bone marrow nucleated cells of each group was detected. Bone marrow pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum were measured. The changes of biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomics. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. The high doses of PA could significantly improve the decrease of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (HGB) levels of mice induced by cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05), and significantly increase the number of nucleated cells and the area of hematopoietic tissue in femoral bone marrow. The medium and high doses of PA could significantly improve the serum levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, IL-6 and GM-CSF (P < 0.05), and have no significant effect on the expression of IL-3 and EPO (P > 0.05). Serum metabolomics analysis showed that the aqueous extracts of PA could alleviate myrosuppression by regulating the aminoacyl-tRNA, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis mediated by 13 different metabolites such as valine, leucine, asparagine and hydroxyisohexic acid. PA improve the inhibition of hematopoietic function in myelosuppression mouse, and its mechanisms may be related to anti-oxidation and promoting the expression of hematopoietic-related cytokines and regulating the related metabolic pathways.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical components of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus.

METHODThe chemical components were isolated by solvent extraction and column chromatography. The chemical structures were identified on the basis of physic-chemical constant and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol(I), quercetin(II), isoquercitrin(III), ellagic acid(IV), daucosterol(V) and cyclocaric acid B(VI).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I, II, III and IV were obtained for the first time from this plant.

Ellagic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Juglandaceae ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of continuous high-volume hemofiltration (CHVHF) on interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).

METHODSForty-one patients with SAP were randomly divided into two groups to receive treatment with CHVHF plus conventional therapy (21 patients) and conventional therapy only (20 patients). Venous blood samples were taken before and 12, 24, and 72 h after the treatment for evaluation of APACHE II scores. The mRNA and protein levels of IRAK-4 in the monocytes were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and serum TNF-alpha levels was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSAmong the 21 patients receiving CHVHF, 18 survived and 3 died, and in the conventional therapy group, death occurred in 5 cases. In the surviving patients of CHVHF group, the APACHE II scores, IRAK-4 mRNA and protein levels and TNF-alpha levels were all significantly lowered after the treatment, and these indices were also significantly lower than those in the conventional group after treatment (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCHVHF is effective in reducing monocyte IRAK-4 levels and serum TNF-alpha level in SPA patients, and thus alleviates the symptoms and improves the prognosis of SAP, possibly by reducing the level of the activators that induce monocyte activation via the Toll-like receptor.

Adult ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Hemodiafiltration ; methods ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; blood ; pathology ; therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore molecular controlling mechanism of mitochondrial injury induced by different density of microwave irradiation.

METHODSRats were exposed to microwave irradiation for 1 hour at average power density of 3 mW/cm(2) or 30 mW/cm(2). After microwave irradiation, the changes of pathological ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were observed by electron microscope, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) mRNA expression level were determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSAfter 3 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation for 0, 3, 24 h, mitochondrial ultrastructure and mtTFA mRNA expression level didn't significantly change in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. After 30 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation for 0, 3, 24 h, mitochondrial ultrastructure obviously changed, mtTFA mRNA expression in rat hippocampus significantly increased by 67.00%, 80.00%, 30.00% respectively, and in rat cerebral cortex by 133.00%, 86.00%, 233.00% respectively. There were significant differences between the corresponding groups of hippocampus and cerebral cortex (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNo obvious change in mitochondria was found after 3 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation, but it was found after 30 mW/cm(2) microwave irradiation. Mitochondria injury in cerebral cortex was more severe than that in hippocampus. mtTFA mRNA may have certain regulation in mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; RNA ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics

Objective:To explore the protective effect of rapamycin and the role of autophagy on podocyte injury induced by pu-romycin amino nucleoside.Methods:The mice podocytes cell 5(MPC5)were randomly divided into four groups:Control group,PAN group(50 μg/ml PAN);rapamycin group(RAP group,100 ng/ml,200 ng/ml,300 ng/ml rapamycin)and PAN+rapamycin group (PAN+RAP group,treated with rapamycin before PAN).The apoptosis of podocytes were detected by Annexin V/PI.Transmission electronic microscopy was used to observe the formation of autophagosome.The expression of autophagic markers,LC3,p62,and 4EBP1,P70S6K,mTOR were detected by Western blot.Results: The podocyte apoptotic rate was significantly decreased when the podocytes were treated with rapamycin compared with PAN group.Further,more autophagosomes appeared in cytoplasm of podocytes in RAP and PAN+RAP group compared with PAN group.And the expression of LC3Ⅱ was significantly increased in rapamycin treated podocytes,whereas the expression of p62 was decreased markedly.Phosphorylation of mTOR,4EBP1 and P70S6K was decreased rapamycin treated groups.Conclusion: Podocyte autophagy was inhibited by PAN, and the apoptosis of podocytes was promoted.Rapamycin protect puromycin amino nucleoside induced podocyte injury by upregulating autophagy and it may be concerned with mTOR 4EBP1 and P70S6K signaling pathway.

Objective　To investigate the expression of HGF and TGF-α and their receptor, Met (HGF receptor) and EGFR (TGF-αreceptor) mRNA, in the regenerative liver/hepatocytes after 70% partial hepatectomy (70% PH) in noncirrhotic biliary obstruction rats. Methods　Wistar rats were divided randomly into N-PH group, BDO-RBF-PH group and BDO-RBF group. The expression of HGF/Met mRNA and TGF-α/EGFR mRNA was measured by RT-PCR in the liver/hepatocytes at the time point of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after 70% PH or RBF. Results　In N-PH group, the expression of HGF/Met mRNA increased sharply and peaked at 6 h, and maintained at a high level until 24 h after 70% PH. In BDO-RBF-PH group however, the expression of HGF/Met mRNA increased slowly and peaked at 12 h after 70% PH. The peak level was lower in BDO-RBF-PH group than in N-PH one. The expression of TGF-α/EGFR mRNA increased sharply and peaked at 24 h after 70% PH in N-PH group. However, the expression of TGF-α/EGFR mRNA elevated slowly and peaked at 48 h after 70% PH in BDO-RBF-PH group with a lower peak level than that in N-PH group. Conclusion　The expression of HGF/Met mRNA and TGF-α/EGFR mRNA in the regenerative liver/hepatocytes after 70% PH decreases significantly in noncirrhotic biliary duct obstruction rats. There is a tendency that the expression of HGF mRNA and TGF-α mRNA is less than Met mRNA and EGFR mRNA.

Objective To evaluate the safety of mefformin in the treatment of elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods Two hundred and forty-three cases of elderly T2DM hospitalized from Jan.1996 to Dec. 2006 were reviewed; the changes of fasting blood glucose(FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver and renal function and blood lactic acid were evaluate before and after treatment. Results The mean time of treatment with mefformin was (6.6±3.9) years (3 months-21 years)in these 243 cases. The levels of FBG, PBG and HbAlc significantly reduced after treatment with mefformin only in 43 cases (17.7%), mefformin combined with other oral hypoglycemic drugs in 124 cases (51.0%) and mefformin combined with insulin in 76 cases (31.3%). There was only 18.1% of the cases with normal range ( > 80 ml/min) of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), and 25.8% of the cases with Ccr≤50 ml/min. The liver and renal function as well as the blood lactic acid had no significant change after treatment no matter in total cases or in different groups separated by Ccr.Conclusions Mefformin is safety in the treatment of elderly T2DM patients. Ageing is not the contraindication of mefformin. To the patients with high risk, we should monitoring the level of blood lactic acid.