Objective To study the relationship between serum HBV DNA level and apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) , and the relationship between serum HBV DNA level and the activity of caspase-8 in the patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Method 30 CHB patients were selected as experimental group, and it was divided into three subgroups according to the serum HBV DNA level, subgroup A (high serum HBVDNA), subgroup B (medium serum HBVDNA), and subgroup C (low serum HBVDNA). 10 healthy adults were random selected as control group. PBMC were isolated from two groups by separating medium of lymphocytic cell and culturing it with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro for 72 hours. The PBMC was stained with PI and the apoptosis was assayed with flow cytometry. At the same time, the aetivity of caspase-8 of PBMC was assayed by color matching. Results The apoptosis rate of PBMC of experimental group ( 26. 88 ± 7.37 ) % were higher than that of the control group ( 14. 95 ±2. 53)% ( P <0. 01 ). In the experimental group, the apoptosis rate of PBMC of subgroups A, B and C showed decreasing order (34. 75 ± 4. 59)%, (25.63 ± 3.55 )%, ( 18. 91 ± 3. 81 )%. The activity of caspase-8 of experimental group 2. 99 ±0. 82 were higher than that of the control group 1.43 ±0. 91 ( P <0. 01 ). The activity of caspase-8 of subgroup A, B and C showed the same decreasing order: 3. 87 ±0. 35,2. 95 ± 0. 36, 1.95 ± 0. 29. There was a positive correlation between the apoptosis level of PBMC and the activity of caspase-8 in experimen tal group ( r = 0. 610, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion AICD of PBMC was found in patients with CHB. The activity of caspase-8 increased in that process, and it may participate in the transduction of apoptosis signal. Serum HBV DNA level was related with the apoptosis rate of PBMC and the activity of caspase-8, and it may be one of the reasons of apoptosis in PBMC.

Liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was studied in 19 male albino rats under electron microscope. The effects of DEN on hepatocytes included following basic abnomalities:1. The characteristic features of the nucleus are irregulat in shape, increase of interchromatin granules, and decrease of nucleolus-associated chromatin. The nucleoli are enlarged, irregular in shape and showing remarkable deformity of nucleolonema.2. The characteristic features of the cytoplasm are as follows. The mitochondria increase or decrease in number and size, they are irregular in shape with some variation in cristal pattern. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) increases in the width of the lumina, detachment of some ribosomes from the membraneous component of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the appearance of concentric bodies of ER (RER concentric body or SER concentric body).3. The characteristic features of the cell membrane are the increase in the number of microvilli facing the Disses' space, the enlargement of bile canaliculi with increase or decrease in number of microvilli. Plasmalemma connecting between the adjacent hepatoma cells may be straight, wavelike or interdigitated.

Objective To study the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Astragaloside-Ⅳ (ASG-Ⅳ) on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in the rat diabetic model. Methods Forty SD(Sprague-Dawley)healthy rats were used. The diabetic retinopathy rats model were induced by STZ, 45 mg/kg, 3d. Another 10 were injected the same amount of citrate buffer as a control group. Fasting blood glucose was measured with SureStep Plus detector 72 h later. The blood glucose of the diabetes model was ≥16.7 mmol/L. And 12 weeks later, DCM rats were divided into 4 groups randomly in the experiment, includes: DCM, ASG-Ⅳ-L (10 mg/kg), ASG-Ⅳ-M (30 mg/kg), ASG-Ⅳ-H (60 mg/kg)groups. After give dugs 4 weeks, the phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and LDH level were tested, the cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by HW/BW and LVW/BW. Activity of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were determined in left ventricular tissues by ATPase ELISA Assay Kit. The content of FFA was measured and myocardial pathological examination was performed. Results Compared with the control group, blood and urine glucose were higher than experimental animal in diabetic model group, were significantly increased (P<0.05). LDH and Phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) level were significantly increased, the HWI and LVWI ratio were enhanced in DCM group (P<0.05). ASG-Ⅳ could reduce the ratio of HWI and LVWI, decrease the level of CK-MB and LDH, improve the pathomorphological changing of DCM rat model (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with DCM group, ASG-Ⅳ could restore the Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity, reduced the content of FFA (P<0.05). Conclusion ASG-Ⅳ plays therapeutic effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy might via restore the Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity, reduce the content of FFA, protect the myocardial energy metabolism in DCM.

Objective To explore the distribution of temperament types and its related influencing factors of school-age twins.Method Childhood temperament were evaluated by standardized Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire (MCTQ) in a total of 125 pairs of 8 to 12 years old twins,and temperament related factors were measured by FACES Ⅱ-CV.Results The majority of temperament types of school-age twins were easy and intermediate-low.Easy,intermediate-low,difficult,intermediate-high and start-to-warm up took a percent of 41.6％,38.0％,11.2％,6.4％ and 2.8％,respectively.The heritability of temperament types was 0.454.The distribution of temperament types were influenced by the family cohesion,parenting rearing style,zygotic,age,father's occupation,mother's educational level and the method of delivery.Conclusion The temperament types of school-age twins were both influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNAi expression vector on CaMKⅡ? expression of PC12 cell lines. siRNA expression vectors were constructed to be targeted directly at CaMKⅡ? gene. The recombinants were transfected into PC12 cell line with liposome. The expression of CaMKⅡ? was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Expression vectors could reduce the expressions of CaMKⅡ? mRNA and protein in PC12, Compared with blank vector group, the former, the ratio of inhibition of the expression of CaMKⅡ? mRNA was 46.40% and 64.69%, in 48th hour and 72th hour, the ratio of inhibitory of the expression of CaMKⅡ? protein was 74.77% in 72th hour. RNAi expression vectors can effectively inhibit the expression of CaMKⅡ? in PC12.

Objective To observe the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HO) and free radical antagonists (FRA) on liver fibrosis (LF) in chronic hepatitis (CH) patients.Methods Seventy-two CH patients were ran- domly divided into a HO-FRA group (36 cases) and a control group (36 cases).The patients in the control group received routine treatment,while patients in the HO-FRA group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen,vitamin E and vitamin C.All patients' livers were examined ultrasonically,and liver function and blood fibrosis indices were meas- ured before and after the treatment.Results Compared with those in the control group,the concentrations of blood hyaluronic acid,laminin,precollagen and typeⅣcollagen were all significantly lower in the HO-FRA group.Ultra- sonic imaging showed that the main portal and the splenic vein diameter,and the length and thickness of the spleen had also significantly declined in the HO-FRA group after treatment.Conclusion HO and FRAs can nelp to stave off liver fibrosis as indicated by blood and ultrasonic fibrosis indices.

Objective To observe the microscopic anatomy structures of petroclival region via the retrosigmoid keyhole approach,then provide an anatomic basis for clinical application.Method Six adult cadaveric heads 6xed by 10% formaldehyde solution were used for simulating the retrosigmoid keyhole approach to observe major microscopic anatomy structures.Results By means of adjusting the microscope,structures such as the ipsilateral trigeminal nerves,cranial nerve,acoustic nerve,posterior nerves,anterior and lateral pons,lateral cerebellar hemisphere,anterior inferior cerebellar artery,vertebral artery,posterior inferior cerebellar artery were exposed via this keyhole approach.Conclusion This retrosigmoid keyhole approach is according with the minimally invasive principle,and represents a reasonable option for accessing the petroclival region.

Objective To evaluate the funding and output of pancreatitis related projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC),and provide suggestions for the funding strategy in the field of pancreatitis research.Methods Database of funded projects and completion reports of NSFC between 1990 and 2012 were retrieved.The number of grants,amount of grants,types,contents,and paper output of funded projects were respectively analyzed.Results From 2000 to 2012,114 projects involving pancreatitis were funded by NSFC,including 71 general programs (62.3％),8 regional programs,34 youth programs (29.8％),1 key program.The total fund during 2011-2012 reached 25.44 million RMB for pancreatitis research,which was 2.76 times higher than that of 2000-2010.According to PubMed search,93 SCI papers funded by NSFC were published during 2011-2012,which was 2.07 times more than that of 2000-2010.The researches mostly focused on molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of acute pancreatitis,chronic pancreatitis and severe acute pancreatitis,which accounted for 61.4％ of all projects.Conclusions The number of grants,amount of grants,and NSFC funded SCI paper output of pancreatitis research have grown steadily,and it indicates that long-term funding of NSFC has played a positive role in promoting the development of clinical and basic research in the field of pancreatitis.

Objective The survey of continuing education demand of our city' s rural health service members and their feel of job satisfacrion provides the basis for overall quality of the rural health service members. Methods We adopted the method of multistage sampling to conduct a questionnaire survey and condoct interview on rural health workers in our city, and then utilized software to analyze them. Results The survey comprises the first education qualification and highest qualification of 120 health workers and 228 rural doctors from health clinics in localities asoond our city, and most of them had technical secondary school education. 80.7% of rural health workers and 91.7% of village health workers were willing to enter medical college to further their education through the "University Student in Every Village Project" . 93.3% of rural health workers and 84.2% of village health workers were willing to take non - qualification education. Among the rural health workers, 29.2% were satisfied with their jobs, 44.2% were not satisfied with them. Among the village health workers, 12.3% were satisfied with their jobs, 67.5% were not satisfied with them. Conclusion We should increase fonding towards rural health workers' education to satisfy the demand of continuing education, solve the problem of pensioner' s insurance, and improve levels of job satisfaction.

This paper presents the results of an ultrustructural study of the hepatoma cell lines FSK 7901, FSK 7902 of long term cultures about 2 years more.The size of cell varies. Distribution of the cell is single or in epitheloid monolayer. Pseudopodial processes or microvilli cover the perimeter of certain hepatoma cells. In the monolayer, the microvilli exist where the neighboring plasmalemmae are in loose contact. When their contact is close, the neighboring plasmalemmae may be straight, wavelike or interdigitated. The nucleus and enlarged nucleoli are irregu- lar in shape. The deformity of nucleolonema is remarkable.Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria are much less in number in the cytoplasm, but the free ribosomes is very abundant. The shape of mitochondria and their cristae are irregular. The Golgi complex is often or less arranged around 10 in a group, situated near the nucleus. Typical coucentric body from RER or SER has not been observed. Annulate lamellae are easily found. A peculiar structure, primordial rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (PRER) is seen.Juxta-nuclear acidophilic area consists of a group of Goigi complex or Golgi complex and mitochondria.