Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other aging-related diseases have become an important public health issue in China. However, current clinical drugs have failed to reverse the pathological process of AD. The holistic approach of traditional Chinese medicine offers advantages in improving cognitive function in AD through multiple molecular pathways, and may have potential for preventing AD. This paper summarizes the effects of classical traditional Chinese medicine and its active components in the improvement of AD-related cognitive dysfunction and describes the functional targets and related molecular mechanisms. This may have significance for the prevention and treatment of AD through multi-target intervention.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of synthetic interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 1(IFITM1) siRNA on the proliferation and migration of human ovarian cancer cell line CP 70 .Methods The siRNA targeted IFITM1 was transfected into CP70 cells by LipofectamineTM 2000 . Expressions of IFITM1 mRNA and protein were examined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot .Plate clone assay and Transwell chamber were used to observe the proliferation and migration of CP 70 cells .Results IFITM1 siRNA significantly inhibited the expression of IFITM1 in human ovarian cancer cell line CP70 at both mRNA and protein levels . The colony formation assay indicated that the clone number was 84 in IFITM1siRNA , which was much fewer than 181 in negative control group and 178 in mock transfection group .The colony‐forming efficiency (CFE) was 42% ,90 .5%and 89% ,respectively .Transwell chamber results showed that the number of migrated cells was 59 ,121 and 126 , respectively ;the siRNA transfection group differed significantly from the other two groups , indicating that downregulated IFITM1 expression greatly inhibited the proliferation and migration of CP 70 cells .Conclusion Knockdown of IFITM1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of CP70 cells .IFITM1 is a potential therapeutic target for human ovarian cancer .

Objective:To study the cognitive function and brain white matter fiber change in major depressive patients prior and post-treatment.Methods:Eleven major depressed patients were given antidepressants for 10 weeks, and their conditions were evaluated using 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD).The cognitive function was determined by using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST),part of Wechsler memory scale and diffusion tensor ima- ging(DTI)was scanned before and after treatment.11 healthy people as control group were involved and given the same tests at the same time.Results:(1)The WCST scores of patients increased significantly after treatment(prior treatment Cc:1.6?1.6,Re:67.9?20.0,Rpe:51.5?24.8;post treatment Ce:4.0?2.1,Re:43.2?18.8,Rpe:22.8?16.0,P=0.001/0.000/0.003).There was no difference in number sequence memory in Wechsler memory scale.No difference was found between patients after treatment and control group in either WCST or number sequence memory.The patients made significant improvement in the total score of HAMD after treatment(16?14/54?13,t=6.60,P

Objective To explore the relationship between X - linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDL) gene escaping X chromosome inactivation( XCI) and SEDL phenotype. Methods RT - PCR was performed on total RNA which was isolated from blood samples of patients, female carriers and controls. Patients and female carriers were selected from the pedigree with SEDL caused by the mutation (IVS2 - 2A→C) of the gene. cDNA was analyzed by polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis(PAGE). Results PAGE data indicateed that female carriers expressed both normal and mutant SEDL mRNA,meaning the SEDL gene escaping XCI. Family investigation showed carrier females in the SEDL pedigree presented no symptoms. Conclusions The SEDL gene escaping X chromosome in-activation is firstly identified from human body. This may explain that carrier females present no symptoms.

Objective To explore the incidence of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) by means of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and other associated risk factors in patients surviving for more than 1 year after renal transplantation.Methods A total of 428 non-diabetic patients,who underwent kidney transplantation from 1 January,1993 to 31 December,2008,were followed up in order to ascertain the prevalence of PTDM after transplantation and other associated risk factors by means of FPG.Results Of the 428 patients,87 developed PTDM (20.3％) within a mean follow-up of (5.65 ± 3.68) years after renal transplantation.The onset of PTDM occurred in 57 patients (65.5％ of total PTDM) primarily within the first year after transplantation.Univariate analysis showed that older age,body mass index (BMI),smoking history,family history of diabetes mellitus,deceased donor transplantation,hepatitis C virus infection,cytomegalovirus infection,FPG before transplantation as well as 1 week after transplantation,total cholesterol and triglyceride before transplantation,switching from cyclosporine to tacrolimus(FK506),and peak plasma concentration of cyclosporine in the first 6 and 12 months were associated with the onset of PTDM.The prevalence of PTDM was markedly elevated in the group who has cyclosporine converted to FK506 (P＜0.05),but not in the group with cyclosporine converted to rapamycin.By multivariate analysis,FPG before transplantation,age,BMI,and deceased donor transplantation were independently associated with the onset of PTDM.Conclusions There is high incidence of PTDM in patients following renal transplantation; and early diagnosis,treatment as well as prevention are mandatory.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of affective disorder in Kunming City. Methods: A rep-resentative sample of the Kunming general population composed of 5033 individuals aged 15 years and older was se-lecteed randomly by the method of probability proportional to size (PPS), and then was interviewed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 2.1 (CIDI, version 2.1).The preva-lence of affective disorder was investigated. And the relative factors, onset age and comorbid were also analyzed. Results: The 30-duy prevalence of affective disorder was 0.98%, the 12-month prevalence was 1.22%,and the lifetime prevalence was 1.89%. The results of the single factor analysis showed that the urban residents, the persons who divorced, limited divorced or lost one's spouse, and the unemployed or the higher educated were more vulnerable to depression. The results of the multifactor analysis showed that the rural residents and the males were protective factors to affective disorder. Different subunits of affective disorder had different onset ages. The onset age of 90% bipolar disorder patients was before 25 years old. The patients before 50 years old was risky to dysthy-mia. The patients with major depression had a lifetime risk of onset. Anxiety disorder and pain disorder would in-crease the risk of affective disorder. Conclusion: The findings show that the prevalence of the affective disorder is lower than the same kind survey abroad while it is close to the domestic's. More attention and intervention should been given to the urban population, the females, the singles, the unemployed, and the higher educationed.

Objective To investigate the expression of FHIT gene in the 60Co gamma-ray irradiated human lymphocytoblast(AHH-1) cell and the bystander effect cell,and to explore the function of FHIT gene in the bystander effect of ionizing radiation.Method Preparation of bystander effect cell model:after irradiated with different dose of 60Co gamma-ray(0,2,5 Gy),the directly irradiated AHH-1 ceils were collected immediately by centfifugation and co-cultivated with non-irradiated cells in Transwell.forming the bystander effect group P1.In addition,some culture media supernatant of direcfly irradiated cells were transfefred to the non- irradiated cells culture medium,forming the group P2.Then cells were collected at 0,6,12,and 24 h after irradiation and the total RNA and protein were extracted.RT-PcR and Western blot were performed to determine the FHIT mRNA and protein level.respectively.Flow cytometry assay and cell counting were conducted to detect the alteration of cell cycle and cell proliferation,respectively at 0,24 h after irradiation.Results The mRNA level of FHIT gene among control cells,directly irradiated cells and bystander cells showed no obvious difference. while the FHIT protein level of the directly irradiated ceils and bystander cells was siguificandy down-regulated compared with the control cells(F=102.45,P<0.001).Moreover,the directly irradiated cells and bystander cells showed significant G2 phase arrest and obviously inhibited the proliferation ability.Conclusions 2 and 5 Gy of 60Co γ-ray irradiated AHH-1 cells can result in down regulation of the FHIT protein expression,which suggests that FHIT gene is involved in the process of bvstander effect induced by irradiation.

Objective To study the association of liver fat content (LFC) with insulin resistance and β cell function. Methods One hundred and nine subjects including 31 cases with impaired glucose regulation (IGR), 31 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NT2DM) and 47 normal controls (NC) with normal metabolic parameters were involved in the study. LFC was measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) and the insulin resistance and β cell function were evaluated by oral 75 g glucose tolerance test. Results (1 ) LFCs were3.83% (2.35% ～7.59% ) ,12. 82% (8.10%～21.37%), and 21.99% (11.89%～34.43%), being progressively raised in the respective NC, IGR, NT2DM groups(P<0.01). (2) The subjects were divided into four subgroups according to LFC Quartile: Quartile 1 (LFC<4. 04% ) , Quartile 2(4. 04% ≤LFC<9. 77% ), Quartile 3 (9.77% ≤LFC<20.78% ) ,and Quartile 4( LFC≥20.78% ). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) values were elevated significantly and progressively starting from Quartile 2(P<0. 01). (3) Insulin from 0 to 30 min ( △I30), the ratio of insulin from 0 to 30 min to glucose from 0 to 30 min ( △I30/ △G30) , C peptide from 0 to 30 min (△CP30) had a trend of increase in Quartile 2,then trended to decrease in Quartile 3. In Quartile 4, △CP30 and △I30/△G30 sharply decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The ratio of C peptide from 0 to 30 min to glucose from 0 to 30 min ( △CP30/△G30) began to decrease from Quartile 3 (P<0. 05). The ratio of area under curve of C peptide to area under curve of glucose (CPAUC/GAUC) was significantly decreased from Quartile 3(P<0.05). From Quartile 3,glucose level became abnormally elevated to impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (P<0.01). (4) LFC was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (rs =0. 618 ,P<0.01), but was negatively correlated with △CP30(rs =-0.282), △CP30/△G30(rs = -0. 404), and CPAUC/GAUC(rs = -0. 308,all P<0.01). (5) Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that LFC was the strongest predictor of HOMA-IR. Conclusions When LFC accumulated to 4% , insulin resistance occurred and the early phase of insulin secretion was compensatively increased. As the LFC further accumulated to 10% , both the early phase as well as β cell function in whole were deteriorated, and hyperglycemia developed.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; TCF Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein ; Wnt Proteins ; physiology ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the influence of“double low”technology(low concentration iodinated contrast agent and low-dose scan) combined with body mass index(BMI) on radiation dose and image quality of contrast-enhanced upper abdominal CT examination. Methods One hundred and twenty patients who received upper abdominal enhanced CT examination were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A1, the iodinated contrast agent iodixanol(270 mg/ml), BMI<18.5 kg/m2 and 80 kVp;group A2, the iodinated contrast agent iodixanol(270 mg/ml), 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤24.9 kg/m2 and 100 kVp; group B1, the iodinated contrast agent ioversol(320 mg/ml),<18.5 kg/m2 and 120 kVp; group B2, the iodinated contrast agent ioversol(320 mg/ml), 18.5 kg/m2≤BMI≤24.9 kg/m2 and 120 kVp. Image quality was subjectively scored, the objective parameters(noise, CT values of abdominal aorta and liver parenchyma, contrast noise ratio of abdominal aorta and liver parenchyma) were evaluated and radiation dose was recorded. The differences of the indexes between A1 and B1 groups, A2 and B2 groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U test and pared-samples t test. Results All CT images were good. No images with 4 scores were obtained. No significant difference was found between group A1 and B1, between group A2 and B2(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in contrast noise ratio of liver parenchyma(P>0.05), while significant differences existed in CT values of abdominal aorta and liver parenchyma, contrast noise ratio of abdominal aorta between group A1 and B1(P<0.05). Significant differences existed in the parameters above mentioned between group A2 and B2, respectively(P<0.05). Radiation dose was lower in group A1 than in group B1 and in group A2 than in group B2(P<0.05), respectively. Radiation dose was decreased by 40.1%(0.89/2.22) in group A1 than group B1 while radiation dose decreased by 56.9%(3.02/5.31) in group A2 than group B2. Conclusion According to BMI, the low concentration iodinated contrast agent and low-dose scan CT scanning technology could effectively reduce radiation dose and generate ideal images during the contrast-enhanced upper abdominal CT examination.