Objective To study the relationship between the OATP1B1 521T ＞ C genetic polymorphism and essential hypertension.Methods 164 essential hypertension subjects and 159 normotensive subjects were detected by the TaqMan-MGB probe real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the results were compared with those of DNA sequencing.Results The frequencies of T/C genotype and C allele of OATP1B1 521T ＞ C gene of the essential hypertension subjects were obviously lower than those of the normotensive subjects(T/C genotype:0.16 vs 0.25,P ＜0.05 ;C allele:0.10 vs 0.17,P ＜0.05),The difference was significant.Binary logistic stepwise regression analysis was used for evaluatine the risk factors of essential hypertension,there was significant relationship between OATP1 B1 52IT ＞ C gene polymorphism and essential hypertension.Conclusion The SLCO1 B1 521T ＞ C variant was common in Chinese essential hypertension population,but the difference of frequency of SLCO1B1 52IT ＞ Cmuton between the essential hypertension patients and the normotensive controls was of obviously statistical significance,which indicates that the SLCO1B1521T ＞ C variant maybe associate with essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of total saponins from Sanguisorba officinalis (DYS) on hematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation and the expression level of IL-3R and c-kit.

METHODBaf3 and 32D cells were cultured with or without IL-3, then the cells were exposed to DYS in different concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg x L(-1) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours separately. After that, the cell proliferation and differentiation capacity were determinated by the methods of CCK8 and Giemsa staining separately. The effects of DYS on the expression level of IL-3 receptor in Baf3 cells and the expression level of c-kit in 32D cells were determinated using RT-PCR.

RESULTDYS promotes alone proliferation of Baf3 cells and 32D cells after 48 h. In contrast to control cells, 32D cells containing DYS without IL-3 form many large clusters. DYS also increases the proliferation when cultured with IL-3. High concentration of DYS induce alone the differentiation of 32D cells and increase alone the number of the polyploidy megakaryocyte. Moreover, DYS increases alone the expression level of IL-3R in Baf3 cells and the expression level of c-kit in 32D cells separately.

CONCLUSIONOur data shows DYS can promote alone proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocyte progenitor cells. The proliferative and differentiative effect of DYS on megakaryocyte progenitor cells is correlated to the up-regulation of IL-3 receptor and c-kit expression.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Interleukin-3 ; pharmacology ; Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-3 ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sanguisorba ; chemistry ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV infection had a revolutionary impact, with the universal application of the anti-retroviral drugs, HAART-related adverse reactions have attracted more and more attention. HAART-related hyperlipidemia is one of the common adverse reactions with more and more scholars study the pathogenesis and therapy of hyperlipidemia in recent years. This article elaborated the latest research of Chinese medicine treatment of HAART-related hyperlipidemia.
Animals ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; adverse effects ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate efficacies of three commonly used oral drugs including Berbamine Hydrochloride Tablet (B), Qijiao Shengbai Capsule (Q), and Leucogen Tablet (L) (by single drug, two drugs or three drugs) combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for treat ment of chemotherapy related leukocytopenia in mice.

METHODSTotally 156 Kunming male mice were divided into the normal control group (A, n=24), the model group (B, n=24), the G-CSF group (C, n =24), the G-CSF+Q group (D, n=12), G-CSF+ B (E, n=12), the G-CSF+L group (F, n=12), the G-CSF + Q + B group (G, n=12), the G-CSF + Q + L group (H, n=12), the G-CSF + L + B group (I, n=12), and the G-CSF + L + Q + B (J, n=12). Mouse models of chemotherapy related leukocytopenia were established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). A G-CSF group was set up as a positive control. Mice were treated by a single oral drug, a single oral drug combined with G-CSF, and two or three drugs combined with G-CSF respectively, and the death rate calculated. Hemocytes [such as white blood cells (WBC) and its classification, red blood cells (RBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (Hb)] were calculated by hematology analyzer. Mice were anatomized and important organs weighed. Organ indices were calculated.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in the mortality rate among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared with Group B, WBC was elevated in all other groups (P < 0.01). WBC and PLT were elevated most in Group J, Hb and RBC were also increased at the same time (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01). Compared with Group B, RBC increased in Group E, F, G, I, and J (P < 0.01); Hb obviously increased in Group C, E, F, H, I, and J (P<0.01). Compared with Group B and D, the promotion of erythroid hematopoiesis by G-CSF could be elevated in any group contained drug B and L (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The spleen index of model mice could be significantly improved in Group C, D, and G (P < 0.01). The thymus index of model mice could be significantly improved in Group H (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe best scheme to treat mice with chemotherapy related leukopenia or decreased three blood series was to administrate three commonly oral drugs combined with G-CSF. Authors speculated that G-CSF and Q might have a certain effect on CTX induced immune inhibition.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Cyclophosphamide ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocyte Count ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Hematopoiesis ; Hemoglobins ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Adult ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; etiology ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Phthalimides ; adverse effects

Highly active antiretroviral combination therapy significantly reduced the mortality, but in the high-speed copying, high genetic variation and drug selection pressure under the effect of the increasingly serious problem of drug resistance greatly weakened the role of HAART inhibit viral replication and reduce antiviral treatment. This paper reports the latest trends in HIV drug-resistance in order to develop anti-HIV drugs in clinical programs, research and development of new guidance anti-HIV-1 strategy to bring guidance.
Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; HIV ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Humans ; Internationality

This article reviews the research reports of Chinese herbal compound on AIDS immune reconstitution for nearly 20 years, found that Chinese herbal compound has exact clinical efficacy for AIDS immune reconstitution. Therefore, we should give full play to the unique advantages of Chinese herbal compound in improving immunity, thus improving symptoms and improve quality of life, to achieve optimal clinical treatment of AIDS.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effects of the Huanglian Jiedu decoction aqueous extract and its active fraction, which consists of total alkaloids, total flavonoids and total iridoid, on the thalamus of cerebral ischemia in rats.

METHODThe rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was chosen. Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, aqueous extract group (800 mg x kg(-1)), total alkaloids group(44 mg x kg(-1)), total flavonoids group (50 mg x kg(-1)) and the total iridoid group (80 mg x kg(-1)). The rats were administered the appropriate drugs intragastrically once a day, for 7 days after surgery. An equivalent volume of saline was given in the sham surgery and model groups. The HE staining was adopted to observe the pathological changes. Determination of Glu and gamma-GABA in thalamus were detected by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The expression of GAD65 was examined with immunohistochemistry and double staining with uorescent-conjugated antibodies against GFAP and Cx43 was chosen in this study.

RESULTThe neurons degenerated in MCAO rats after cerebral ischemia 7 d. The content of Glu, gamma-GABA decreased (P < 0.05), the expression of GAD65 reduced (P < 0.05) and the expression of GFAP and Cx43 increased (P < 0.01) in thalamus of rats compared with sham-operation group. Huanglian Jiedu decoction aqueous extract, total alkaloids, total flavonoids and total iridoid reduced the degeneration of neurons. Total flavonoids could promote the expression of GAD65 (P < 0.05) and decrease the expression of GFAP and Cx43 (P < 0.01) in thalamus compared with model group while it could also increased the content of Glu,gamma-GA BA to normal levels. Compared with model group, Huanglian Jiedu decoction aqueous extract, total alkaloids and total iridoid could raise the expression of Cx43, and Huanglian Jiedu decoction aqueous extract could also increase the expression of GAD65 (P < 0.05). The expression of GFAP in Huanglian Jiedu decoction aqueous extract group, total alkaloids group and total iridoid group were not different compared with model group while the content of gamma-GABA decreased (P < 0.05) compared with sham-operation group.

CONCLUSIONThe degeneration of nerve cells, the reduction of neurotransmitter amino acids content, the aberrant activation of astrocytes and the abnormal expression of GFAP and Cx43 will appear in thalamus of MCAO rats after ischemia. Huanglian Jiedu decoction total flavonoids could relieve the injury of nerve cell through inhibiting the abnormal activation of astrocytes and regulating the expression of GFAP and GAD65.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; drug therapy ; Male ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thalamus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of simulated navigation stimulation on the anesthetic sensitivity of sevoflurane in rats, so as to provide basis for rational using sevoflurane during navigation.

METHODSSD rats were stimulated by Crampton model and the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was regarded as criterion of motion sickness. (1) 60 rats were randomly divided into control (n = 15) and rotation group (n = 45). The changes of behavior and autonomic activity, sevoflurane concentration achieved sleep and anesthesia states, and the revitalization time were observed in two group rats. (2) 32 rats were randomly divided into control (I), rotation (II), anesthesia (III) and rotation plus anesthesia (IV) group (n = 8). The acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE), r-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (Glu) of brain cortex, thalamus and hippocampus were determined respectively in the four group rats.

RESULTSIn control group, the sevoflurane concentration achieved sleep and anesthesia states were 1.74% +/- 0.05% and 3.54% +/- 0.05% respectively, but, those concentrations were 1.51% +/- 0.06% and 3.14% +/- 0.08% in rotation group. There were lower significantly in rotation group than those in control group (P < 0.01). It was a major characteristic that all of the neurotransmitters were reduced significantly in II group, this was even more in brain cortex and thalamus (P < 0.01). In II group, Ach was upward in brain cortex, NE and GABA were reduced in hippocampus obviously. The change tendency of neurotransmitters in IV group was more close to II group, that was, the effect of rotation stimulation was more obvious.

CONCLUSIONThe anesthetic sensitivity of sevoflurane could be obvious increased in rats simulated navigation stimulation.

Anesthetics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Gravity, Altered ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; analysis ; Norepinephrine ; analysis ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rotation ; Thalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; analysis

This study aims to explore HIV traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome distribution and TCM syndrome evolution. The 485 cases of HIV/AIDS patients from 10 major regions of the AIDS epidemic in HIV. In this study, the interpretation of experts to explore the TCM syndromes in different routes of infection, different stage of disease, with syndrome distribution under different interventions. The results showed that Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney and liver Qi stagnation is the most common type in the patients who with sexually transmitted infections. TCM syndrome type most commonly seen in patients infected by the blood collection is yang deficiency of spleen and kidney and spleen deficiency wet-sheng. Including Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney with the highest frequency in patients with AIDS, people who with sexually transmitted infections and patients that treated with simple HAART were prone to liver-stagnation and spleen-deficiency syndrome. In short, such as Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, liver Qi stagnation, deficiency of both Qi and Yin, deficiency-weakness of spleen-Qi, syndrome of damt-heat ftagnation were the main AIDS syndrome types.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; transmission ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult