ObjectiveTo investigate current iodine nutritional status of different groups of people in Harbin city, and to provide the basis for development of salt iodization standard and scientific iodine supplementation.MethodsThree urban districts and three surrounding counties were chosen in Harbin,2011.In each chosen urban district and county,one district office (township) was selected,and one residents committee (village) was chosen in each of the district office(township),and 30 households were selected by systematic sampling.Iodized salt,water iodine and iodine intake per capita were investigated.In each of the residents committee (village),20 adults aged 18 - 45,30 pregnant women or lactating women,and 100 school children aged 8 - 10 were selected.Urine samples were collected and urinary iodine level were tested.Salt iodine was determined by direct titration,water and urinary iodine by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Iodine uptake and iodine nutritional status of different populations in Harbin urban and rural areas were compared.ResultsThe edible rate of qunlified iodized salt were 93.3％(84/90) and 96.3％(156/162) in Harbin urban and rural residents,respectively,which were all greater than 90％,and the highest value of salt iodine were 38.3,46.0 mg/kg,respectively,in urban and rural areas,which all did not exceed the upper limit(50 mg/kg) of qualified iodized salt,but there were some samples of salt iodine content below the national standard(20 mg/kg).Water iodine value in urban and rural areas,even the highest value(9.40,8.40 μg/L),was failed to meet the national standard 10 μg/L; salt eaten by rural people perperson a day(8.33 g) was significantly higher than that of the urban people(7.03 g,Z=- 2.750,P ＜ 0.01); in addition to rural children aged 8 - 10,whose urinary iodine value(228.6 μg/L) was higher,the values in urban and rural adults ( 111.3,195.6 μg/L),pregnant women ( 193.0,172.9 μg/L),lactating women ( 128.4,173.7 μg/L)and urban children ( 186.8 μg/L ) were all in appropriate level.The urinary iodine medians ( 195.6,228.6 μg/L )of adults and children in rural were significantly higher than that of urban adults and children(111.3,186.8 μg/L,Z =- 2.294,- 5.434,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01,respectively).Population composition of iodine deficiency in both urban and rural adults,lactating and pregnant women[46.7％(28/60),21.6％(13/60) ; 21.1％(19/90),21.3％ (18/89) ; 27.8％ ( 25/90 ),42.2％ (38/90) ] were significantly higher than that of the population composition with iodine excess[4.6％(4/60),5.0％(3/60) ; 16.7％(15/90),16.9％(15/89) ; 4.4％(4/90),0.0％(0/90)],but proportion of iodine excessive population in rural children [26.3％(79/300)] was significantly higher than proportion of iodine deficiency[5.6％(17/300)].ConclusionsThe natural environment of Harbin city is still in the iodinedeficient state.In addition to children in rural areas,the iodine intake and iodine nutrition level is basically appropriate; the risk of disease caused by iodine deficiency in adults,lactating and pregnant women is higher than by iodine excess,but the situation of children in rural is on the opposite.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of different populations,and supplement iodine scientifically based on their need.

Objective To assess the clinical value of 16-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of multiple carcinomas in unilateral upper urinary system. Methods The imaging findings of 16-slice spiral CT of 10 patients suffered from multiple carcinomas in the unilateral upper urinary system proven pathologically were analyzed. Results Among 10 cases, 6 cases had multiple carcinomas in the unilateral renal pelvis and ureter and simultaneously involved urinary bladder, 3 cases had the multiple carcinomas in the unilateral renal pelvis and ureter, and 1 case had the multiple carcinomas in the lower and middle ureter and involved urinary bladder. CT images clearly presented the thickened irregular renipelvic and ureteric wall with stenosis and/or mass in the renipelvic and ureteric cavity. The urinary bladders involved by carcinoma were depicted as thickened irregular wall of urinary bladder or the mass in the wall of urinary bladder. The images of curved reconstruction clearly showed the extention of the multiple carcinomas and the changes of the urinary tract involved by the multiple carcinomas. Enlarged retroabdominal lymph nodes were detected in 3 cases simultaneously, and 2 of them were proved metastasis, the imaging findings were absolutely identical to that of the operation and pathological examination. Conclusion Sixteen slice spiral CT can clearly and accurately depict the location and extention of multiple carcinomas in the unilateral upper urinary system.

Animals ; Captopril ; pharmacology ; Heart Failure ; metabolism ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Background and Objective Keshan disease is clinically characterized as a dilated eardiomyopathy. We analyze the prevalence trend during last decade of hypertension and Keshan-disease in Yangzhuang village which was a Keshan-disease epidemic area.Method The survey including medical history,blood pressure and ECG were carried out every two years during the follow up 13 years.Results During follow up period,the total detection rate(hypertension:13.4 % vs Keshan-disease:10.7 %,?~2=8.555,P=0.002)and the accumulative rate of hypertension were higher than those of Keshan-disease,which was on the contrary to that before 1993,when increasing rate of Keshan-disease was higher than hypertension.Furthermore,the accumulative increasing rate of hypertension was 240.0%,which was higher than the national average level during corresponding period with no significant differences between female and male.Conclusion The detection rate of hypertension in Keshan disease epidemic area was higher than the average rate nation-wide.Whether the hypertension prevalence was re- lated to Keshan-disease needs further investigation.

Objective To explore the treatment method for femoral neck fracture in the young adult patients and discuss the corresponding curative efficacy.Methods Closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow screws were carried out in treatment of 58 young adult patients with femoral neck fracture.There were 37 males and 21 females at age range of 19-56 years(average 37.5 years).According to Garden classification,there were seven patients with type Ⅰ fractures,19 with type Ⅱ,23 with type Ⅲ and nine with type Ⅳ.Results Follow-up lasted for 0.5-7.0 years(average 3.8 years),which showed the average one stage healing time of 5.8 months in 50 patients.Nonunion occurred in three patients and avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH)in five patients,of which six patients were treated with two stage sartorius pedicled iliac graft,with fracture healing in three patients.According to Harris evaluation,the result was rated as excellent in 29 patients,good in 22,fair in two and poor in five,with excellence rate of 88％.Conclusions Closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow screw takes advantages of minor wound,few complications,high healing rate and satisfactory function recovery,and is effective in treatment of femoral neck fracture in the young adult patients.Open reduction and internal fixation with sartorius pedicled iliac graft can be used as remedial treatment for fracture nonunion and avascular necrosis.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling in rats. ISO was given subcutaneously (5 mg x kg(-1), sc, 7 days) to induce cardiac remodeling in rats. Therapeutic groups were given GSP (50, 100, and 150 mg x kg(-1)) after ISO treatment. After 2 weeks intervention, heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (+/- dp/dt(max)) were examined. The myocardial hypertrophy index was expressed as heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and left ventricle weight/body weight (LVW/BW), the histological changes were investigated by HE and Van Gieson stain. SOD activity and MDA content in serum, contents of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the left ventricular tissue were assayed by xanthinoxidase method, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and alkaline hydrolysis method, respectively. After the onset of ISO-treatment, GSP therapy potently improved cardiac function, inhibited myocardial hypertrophy, improved cardiac pathology change, decreased the myocardial cross-section area (CSA), collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular circumferential collagen area (PVCA), reduced the content of Hyp in the left ventricular tissue, inhibited the decrease of SOD activity and increase of MDA content in serum. GSP possess protective effect against ISO induced cardiac remodeling in rats, this may be related to reducing the oxidative stress and improving antioxidant capacity.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Grape Seed Extract ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Hydroxyproline ; metabolism ; Isoproterenol ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Proanthocyanidins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects ; Ventricular Pressure ; drug effects ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects ; Vitis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill childhood patients with influenza A virus (H1N1) and enterovirus 71 (EV71), and to study the significance of the serum creatinine and urine output in diagnosis of AKI.

METHODThe clinical data of AKI in critically ill children admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with confirmed influenza A (H1N1) or enterovirus 71 infection (EV71 group) from Oct. 2009 to Oct. 2010.

RESULTTwenty-eight critically ill children were involved in the study. In H1N1 group, there were 18 cases including 6 males and 12 females, and the average age was 5.4 years. In EV71 group, there were 10 cases including 8 males and 2 females, and the average age was 1.1 years. In H1N1 group: 4 cases developed AKI, whose average number of involved organ was 5.3. Two children were classified as first stage completely recovered after treatment; three children who were classified as third stage died. In 14 children without AKI, the average number of involved organ was 3.0, four of these children died. In EV71 group: 3 cases (first stage) developed AKI and 3 cases' serum creatinine increased to 45.0 to 47.6 percent from baseline. The average number of involved organ was 5.7. All the six children died. The other 4 cases whose serum creatinine was normal, and the average number of involved organ was 3.0, recovered.

CONCLUSIONIn critically ill virus-infected children, more organs were involved in the patients who developed AKI. As to influenza A (H1N1) infected critically ill children, the prognosis was comparatively better if the children were classified as AKI stage 1 and received early effective treatment. On the contrary, the prognosis was comparatively worse for those with AKI stage 3. As to EV71 infected critically ill children, the prognosis was worse once AKI developed. As to diagnosis of AKI, the sensitivity of serum creatinine criteria seemed to be superior to the urine output criteria. However, the significance of the serum creatinine and urine output in diagnosis of AKI still needs to be investigated in the future in large scale clinical studies.

Acute Kidney Injury ; diagnosis ; etiology ; virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Critical Illness ; Enterovirus ; pathogenicity ; Enterovirus Infections ; complications ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; virology ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of early stage liver diffuse lesions.

METHODSDiethylnitrosamine (DEN) was used to induce liver lesions in rats. Sequential DWI studies were performed on the livers from 1 to 14 weeks after DEN was administered through drinking water. Comparing studies with a blank control group was set and pathohistological examinations of the livers were performed.

RESULTSNo obvious routine MRI morphological change was found in either group during this period, but DWI demonstrated heterogeneous changes in the test group at the cirrhosis stage. There was no significant alteration of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the control group during this period (P > 0.05). The ADC values of the test group began to decline from the fifth week. Until the tenth week, the ADC value of the test group decreased drastically and when b = 300 s/mm2 statistic, the results showed an obvious difference between the two groups. There were also differences between the ADC values at the 10th, the 9th and the 1st weeks of the test group (P < 0.05). When b = 600 s/mm2 and 1000 s/mm2, significant differences were found after the sixth week between the two groups (P < 0.01). The main pathohistological liver change in the test group during the 1 to 4 week period after DEN was administered was swelling of hepatocytes; during the 5 to 8 week period it was fibrous tissues hyperplasia, and in the 9 to 14 week period it was cirrhotic nodule formation.

CONCLUSIONMR functional DWI could detect liver diffuse lesions earlier than conventional MR imaging. Measurement of ADC value may be of use in early diagnosis of liver diffuse diseases and for monitoring the changes of the lesions.

Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Diethylnitrosamine ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the correlation between the changes of serum S100B protein level in acute phase and the scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in patients with brain concussion, and evaluate the role of serum S100B protein level in the prognosis of cognition disorders after brain concussion. Methods The serum S100B protein level was determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 126 cases of brain concussion 6 and 12 h, and 3 d after admission, and these data were compared with those in 96 cases of moderate head trauma without transitory loss of consciousness (admitted to our hospital at the same period, control group). MMSE was performed 1 and 14 d and 3 months after injury, and the correlation between the changes of serum S100B level in acute phase and MMSE scores was observed. Results As compared with that in control group,the serum S100B protein level in patients with brain concussion was significant higher at 6 and 12 h after admission(P＜0.05). The serum S100B protein level at 6 h, but not at 12 h and 3 d after admission, was closely associated with the MMSE scores 1 and 14 d and 3 months after injury. Conclusion Early elevation of S100B within 6 h of admission in patients with brain concussion, obviously correlating with cognitive impairment, may serve as an important prognostic marker in predicting clinical outcome of cognition disorders after brain injury.

Adult ; Blood Coagulation ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged