OBJECTIVES: To characterize fine particulate matter (PM _2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from different cooking fumes and their exposure routes and assess their health-associated impact to provide a reference for health risk prevention from PAH exposure across different age and sex groups. METHODS: Sixteen PM _2.5-bound PAHs emitted from 11 cooking styles were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The health hazards of these PAHs in the Handan City population (stratified by age and sex) were predicted using the incremental lifetime cancer risk ( ILCR) model. The respiratory deposition doses ( RDDs) of the PAHs in children and adults were calculated using the PM _2.5 deposition rates in the upper airway, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions. RESULTS: The total concentrations of PM _2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 61.10 to 403.80 ng/m ³. Regardless of cooking styles, the ILCR _total values for adults (1.23 × 10 ^-6 to 3.70 × 10 ^-6) and older adults (1.28 × 10 ^-6 to 3.88 × 10 ^-6) exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.00 × 10 ^-6. With increasing age, the ILCR _total value first declined and then increased, varying substantially among the population groups. Cancer risk exhibited particularly high sensitivity to short exposure to barbecue-derived PAHs under equivalent body weights. Furthermore, barbecue, Sichuan and Hunan cuisine, Chinese cuisine, and Chinese fast food were associated with higher RDDs for both adults and children. CONCLUSION ILCR _total values exceeded the acceptable limit for both females and males of adults, with all cooking styles showing a potentially high cancer risk. Our findings serve as an important reference for refining regulatory strategies related to catering emissions and mitigating health risks associated with cooking styles.
Humans ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis* ; Cooking/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Adult ; Child ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis* ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Aged ; China ; Inhalation Exposure ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; Cities ; Infant

A novel analytical method was developed in this study by combining online solid phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(Online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)for simultaneous determination of 50 kinds of steroid hormones in surface water.Specifically,after high-speed centrifugation of 4 mL water samples,the supernatant was directly injected into an Oasis HLB online SPE column for enrichment and purification.Subsequently,the target compounds were transferred to the analytical column via valve switching for separation and analysis.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Thermo Acclaim RSLC C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.2 μm),using a mobile phase composed of 5 mmol/L ammonium fluoride aqueous solution and acetonitrile.Mass spectrometric detection was conducted in positive ion mode,utilizing multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)with quantification achieved by the internal standard method.The method validation demonstrated that the limits of detection(LOD)for the 50 kinds of steroid hormones ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 ng/L,while the limits of quantification(LOQ)were between 0.08 and 1.67 ng/L.The average recoveries in surface water samples at spiked concentrations of 5,20 and 200 ng/L were between 74.1％and 119％,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 0.2％to 9.9％.This method was applied to analyze 11 surface water samples collected from sites surrounding a pharmaceutical and chemical industrial park.A total of 44 kinds of steroid hormones were detected,with concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 88.6 ng/L,revealing the presence of hormone contamination in the environmental waters surrounding industrial areas.Compared with the traditional offline SPE methods,the proposed online SPE technique significantly reduced sample volume requirements and pretreatment time,while minimizing the loss of target compounds during the pretreatment process.Moreover,compared to reported online SPE techniques,this method achieved high-throughput analysis of multiple classes of steroid hormones,with lower detection limits and higher recoveries.Overall,this method provided rapid sample preparation,high sensitivity,and excellent stability,making it suitable for the direct analysis of trace steroid hormones in surface water.

Aim To elucidate the underlying mecha-nism by which total triterpenoids extracted from Hove-nia dulcis(H-TP)enhance the sensitivity of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin.Methods The ARE-Nrf2 lu-ciferase reporter assay was applied to investigate the impact of H-TP on Nrf2 expression.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1,Nrf2-GPX4 signaling pathway,apoptosis-related proteins of Bcl-2 and Bax.Further validation of its effects on Nrf2 was conducted by using Nrf2 activator/inhibitor.Results H-TP could enhance the sensitivi-ty of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2,inhibiting the Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signating pathway in A549/DDP cells,and inducing ferroptosis.Conclusion H-TP enhances the sensitivity of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin by inducing the Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis pathway.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)combined with neutro-phil/HDL-C ratio(NHR),lymphocyte/HDL-C ratio(LHR)and monocyte/HDL-C ratio(MHR)for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:This retrospec-tive study enrolled 320 patients underwent coronary angiography in Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Harri-son International Peace Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022,including 215 ACS patients and 105 pa-tients without ACS;according to Gensini score,ACS patients were divided into low risk group(n=50),medium risk group(n=70)and high risk group(n=95).According to the presence of MACE within 1 year,patients were divided into MACE group(n=55)and no MACE group(n=160).After admission,blood routine,blood lipids,C-reactive protein(CRP)and endothelin-1(ET-1)levels were measured,then NHR,LHR,MHR and AIP were calculated.Spearman method was used to analyze the association of above-mentioned indexes with Gensini score;stepwise Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of MACE within 1 year in ACS patients;and ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of single and combined detection of above indexes for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.Results:Compared to patients in no ACS group,those in ACS group had significantly higher BMI[(23.59±0.85)kg/m2 vs.(21.57±1.16)kg/m2],proportions of hypertension(57.67％vs.13.33％),diabetes(23.26％vs.8.57％),NHR[(12.09±3.46)vs.(3.81±1.29)],MHR[(0.70±0.18)vs.(0.33±0.10)],LHR[(0.79±0.21)vs.(0.40±0.09)],AIP[(0.21±0.06)vs.(0.11±0.02)],CRP[(9.82±3.09)mg/L vs.(2.20±0.58)mg/L],ET-1[(31.25±10.34)μg/L vs.(10.60±1.96)μg/L](P＜0.001 all).Compared to those in no MACE group,patients in MACE group had significantly higher NHR[(17.33±3.87)vs.(10.12±2.68)],MHR[(0.93±0.24)vs.(0.61±0.13)],LHR[(1.05±0.27)vs.(0.71±0.16)],AIP[(0.28±0.04)vs.(0.17±0.02)],CRP[(15.52±3.83)mg/L vs.(7.69±2.40)mg/L],ET-1[(46.68±9.51)μg/L vs.(25.47±4.66)μg/L]levels(P＜0.001 all).Spearman correlation analysis showed that NHR,MHR,LHR and AIP were significant positively correlated with Gensini score(r=0.837～0.868,P＜0.001 all).Stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that NHR(OR=1.225,95％CI 1.016～1.550,P=0.035),AIP(OR=2.632,95％CI 1.055～6.566,P=0.038)were independent risk factors for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.ROC curve shows that AUC of AIP combined with NHR,MHR and LHR predicting MACE within 1 year in ACS patients was 0.786(95％CI 0.725～0.839),which was significantly higher than those of NHR(AUC 0.768,95％CI 0.706～0.823),LHR(AUC 0.749,95％CI 0.686～0.806)and AIP(AUC 0.764,95％CI 0.701～0.819)alone(Z=2.597,2.687,1.965,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:AIP combined with NHR,MHR and LHR have certain predictive value for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of atherogenic index of plasma(AIP)combined with neutro-phil/HDL-C ratio(NHR),lymphocyte/HDL-C ratio(LHR)and monocyte/HDL-C ratio(MHR)for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:This retrospec-tive study enrolled 320 patients underwent coronary angiography in Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Harri-son International Peace Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022,including 215 ACS patients and 105 pa-tients without ACS;according to Gensini score,ACS patients were divided into low risk group(n=50),medium risk group(n=70)and high risk group(n=95).According to the presence of MACE within 1 year,patients were divided into MACE group(n=55)and no MACE group(n=160).After admission,blood routine,blood lipids,C-reactive protein(CRP)and endothelin-1(ET-1)levels were measured,then NHR,LHR,MHR and AIP were calculated.Spearman method was used to analyze the association of above-mentioned indexes with Gensini score;stepwise Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of MACE within 1 year in ACS patients;and ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of single and combined detection of above indexes for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.Results:Compared to patients in no ACS group,those in ACS group had significantly higher BMI[(23.59±0.85)kg/m2 vs.(21.57±1.16)kg/m2],proportions of hypertension(57.67％vs.13.33％),diabetes(23.26％vs.8.57％),NHR[(12.09±3.46)vs.(3.81±1.29)],MHR[(0.70±0.18)vs.(0.33±0.10)],LHR[(0.79±0.21)vs.(0.40±0.09)],AIP[(0.21±0.06)vs.(0.11±0.02)],CRP[(9.82±3.09)mg/L vs.(2.20±0.58)mg/L],ET-1[(31.25±10.34)μg/L vs.(10.60±1.96)μg/L](P＜0.001 all).Compared to those in no MACE group,patients in MACE group had significantly higher NHR[(17.33±3.87)vs.(10.12±2.68)],MHR[(0.93±0.24)vs.(0.61±0.13)],LHR[(1.05±0.27)vs.(0.71±0.16)],AIP[(0.28±0.04)vs.(0.17±0.02)],CRP[(15.52±3.83)mg/L vs.(7.69±2.40)mg/L],ET-1[(46.68±9.51)μg/L vs.(25.47±4.66)μg/L]levels(P＜0.001 all).Spearman correlation analysis showed that NHR,MHR,LHR and AIP were significant positively correlated with Gensini score(r=0.837～0.868,P＜0.001 all).Stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that NHR(OR=1.225,95％CI 1.016～1.550,P=0.035),AIP(OR=2.632,95％CI 1.055～6.566,P=0.038)were independent risk factors for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.ROC curve shows that AUC of AIP combined with NHR,MHR and LHR predicting MACE within 1 year in ACS patients was 0.786(95％CI 0.725～0.839),which was significantly higher than those of NHR(AUC 0.768,95％CI 0.706～0.823),LHR(AUC 0.749,95％CI 0.686～0.806)and AIP(AUC 0.764,95％CI 0.701～0.819)alone(Z=2.597,2.687,1.965,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:AIP combined with NHR,MHR and LHR have certain predictive value for MACE within 1 year in ACS patients.

Aim To elucidate the underlying mecha-nism by which total triterpenoids extracted from Hove-nia dulcis(H-TP)enhance the sensitivity of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin.Methods The ARE-Nrf2 lu-ciferase reporter assay was applied to investigate the impact of H-TP on Nrf2 expression.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1,Nrf2-GPX4 signaling pathway,apoptosis-related proteins of Bcl-2 and Bax.Further validation of its effects on Nrf2 was conducted by using Nrf2 activator/inhibitor.Results H-TP could enhance the sensitivi-ty of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2,inhibiting the Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signating pathway in A549/DDP cells,and inducing ferroptosis.Conclusion H-TP enhances the sensitivity of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin by inducing the Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis pathway.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of pathological positive surgical margins(PSM)after radical resec-tion of prostate cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 407 patients who underwent radical resection of prostate cancer in our hospital from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.And the patients were divided into two groups according to postoperative pathological results.Single factor analysis was used to evaluate the differences in postoperative Gleason score,preoperative total prostate-specific antigen(tPSA),preoperative serum free prostate-specific antigen to preoperative tPSA ratio(fPSA/tPSA),clinical stage,postopera-tive pathological stage,operation method,age,body mass index(BMI),diameter and volume of prostate tumor.Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factor of PSM.Results:Among 407 patients with prostate cancer,179 cases(43.98％)were positive.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in postoperative Gleason score,preopera-tive tPSA,clinical stage and postoperative pathological stage between the two groups(P＜0.05).And Gleason score,preoperative tPSA and pathologic stage were independent risk factors for PSM.Conclusion:There are relationships between PSM and post opera-tive Gleason score,tPSA,clinical T stage,postoperative pathologic pT stage.Among them,postoperative Gleason score(Gleason=7 points,Gleason≥8 points),preoperative total prostate-specific antigen(tPSA＞20 μg/L),and postoperative pathologic pT stage(pT3a,pT3b)were independent risk factors for positive pathological margins of prostate cancer.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

This study investigated the characteristics of gut microbiota imbalance in patients with infectious diarrhea caused by various pathogenic infections,and the role of Bacteroides in maintaining homeostasis in the intestinal environment.The gut microbiota in patients with diarrhea caused by pathogenic infections,such as viral and bacterial infections,was determined through full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.Patients with diarrhea were grouped and analyzed according to the presence of single bacterial infection,single viral infection,mixed infection,or Clostridioides difficile infection.Bacteroides had the highest absolute number and relative abundance in the gut microbiota in healthy people,whereas patients with infectious diar-rhea showed lower relative abundance of Bacteroides at each phylum/order/family/genus taxonomic level.Alpha diversity anal-ysis indicated no significant differences among groups.NMDS and PCoA indicated formation of distinct clusters in the control group compared with the different infectious diarrhea groups.The diversity of the gut microbiota was higher in the control group than the infectious diarrhea groups.Patients with infec-tious diarrhea caused by different pathogens showed differing predominant gut microbiota.Bifidobacterium predominated in the single viral infection group,Streptococcus predominated in the single bacterial infection group,and Lachnoclostridium predominated in the mixed infection group.Escherichia and Klebsiella were the major gut microbiota in the C.difficile infection group.Meanwhile,the dominant gut microbiota in the healthy population was Bacteroides.COG function prediction revealed that the healthy control group formed a distinct cluster from the different infection groups.The functions of defense mechanisms,cell wall synthesis,protein modification,cellular differentiation,and replication and recombination were signifi-cantly diminished in all infectious diarrhea groups.In general,patients with infectious diarrhea caused by different pathogens showed dysbiosis,with diminished gut microbiota diversity and the emergence of related biomarkers.Our findings indicated that Bacteroides has a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human intestinal environment,thus providing new ideas for the subsequent treatment of infectious diarrhea and research in other fields.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with CD5+diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:The clinical data of 161 newly treated DLBCL patients in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2013 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.According to CD5 expression,the patients were divided into CD5+group and CD5-group.The clinical characteristics and prognosis of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:The median age of patients in CD5+group was 62 years,which was higher than 56 years in CD5-group(P=0.048).The proportion of women in CD5+group was 62.96％,which was significantly higher than 41.79％in CD5-group(P=0.043).The proportion of patients with IPI score＞2 in CD5+group was 62.96％,which was higher than 40.30％in CD5-group(P=0.031).Survival analysis showed that the median overall survival and progression-free survival time of patients in CD5+group were 27(3-77)and 31(3-76)months,respectively,which were both shorter than 30(5-84)and 32.5(4-83)months in CD5-group(P=0.047,P=0.026).Univariate analysis showed that advanced age,positive CD5 expression,triple or double hit at initial diagnosis,high IPI score and no use of rituximab during chemotherapy were risk factors for the prognosis of DLBCL patients.Further Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that these factors were also independent risk factors except for advanced age.Conclusion:CD5+DLBCL patients have a worse prognosis than CD5-DLBCL patients.Such patients are more common in females,with advanced age and high IPI score,which is a special subtype of DLBCL.