The combination of Danggui and Honghua (GH) is a popular herb pair commonly used in clinic for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome in China. To evaluate the activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of the combination of different proportions of Danggui and Honghua on acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the proportion of GH to have the best activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effect. Acute blood stasis rat model was induced by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline and ice water bath. The blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1: 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) extracts. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), and high shear whole blood relative index (HSWBRI), low shear whole blood relative index (LSWBRI), and erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI) were tested to observe the effects of GH on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. And the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of GH on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats. In addition, the prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were tested to observe the effects of GH on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. Then principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were both used to comprehensively evaluate the total activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of GH. The results showed that the hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group both had significant differences with normal group. Compared with model group, GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2: 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1 : 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) could improve all the blood hemorheology indexes and regulate part indexes of blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation in acute blood stasis rats. Based on principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, GH 1 : 1 and GH 3 : 2 both had the best effect of blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis, and the effect of GH 1 : 1 was slightly better than GH 3 : 2. These results suggest that GH could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. The optimized proportion of GH was consistent with regulations of medicine usage that GH 1 : 1 had the highest frequency used in traditional Chinese formulae. It could provide scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between Danggui and Honghua in modern clinic medicine.
Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Blood Viscosity ; Carthamus tinctorius ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythrocyte Aggregation ; Hemorheology ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Aggregation ; Principal Component Analysis ; Prothrombin Time ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombin Time

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of estrogen (E(2)) and progesterone (P) on cervical cancer and the synergistic action between estrogen, progesterone and human papillomaviruses (HPV).

METHODSHoted-start polymerase chain reaction (HS-PCR) was used to detect HPVs, HPV16 and ELISA was used to assay E(2) and P on 141 cases with cervical cancer and on 129 healthy controls.

RESULTSPositive rates of HPVs and HPV16 were 75.2% and 46.8% respectively in cervical cancer group, significantly higher than that in controls. Levels of estrogen and progesterone in case group were significantly higher than that in controls and a dose-responded relationship between the levels of estrogen and cervical cancer was revealed. Estrogen and HPV showed an additive interaction in the development of cervical cancer.

CONCLUSIONHPV16 infection played a principal role in the development of cervical cancer. The high levels of entogenous estrogen could increase the risk of cervical cancer and might serve as a cofactor in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Progesterone ; blood ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; blood ; epidemiology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the levels of estrogen (E2) and progestogen (P), expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and cervical cancer.

METHODSA case-control study with hospital and community controls was employed. The levels of serum estrogen and progesterone were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 141 cervical cancer cases, 137 uterine myoma patients as controls and 129 health women as controls. ER and PR were measured by immunohistochemistry sABC in cervix tissues from patients with cervical cancer and uterus myoma as well.

RESULTSThe levels of estrogen (47.49 ng/mL) and progesterone (2.34 pg/mL) in cases were significantly higher than those in both control groups. The association between estrogen and cervical cancer was significant both before and after menopause-adjusted, with over 89% of attributable risk percentage (ARP), and showed a dose-response relation. Using the lowest value of 2 pg/ml in follicular phase as cut off point for progesterone, there were no statistically significant difference between cases and controls, and neither in progesterone nor in premenopausal. The expressions of ER and PR in cases were lower than those in controls, even after being menopause-adjusted.

CONCLUSIONThe high level of endogenous estrogen and progestogen might increase the risk of cervical cancer. Compared with progestogen, estrogen showed a higher risk that was not influenced by menopause. In some sense, ER and PR may exert certain protective effect on progressing of cervical carcinogenesis.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Estrogens ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leiomyoma ; blood ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; blood ; metabolism ; Progesterone ; blood ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism ; Uterine Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism

Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of juglone on the ultrastructure of human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells.

METHODSBEL-7402 cells were incubated in the presence of 12.5 micromol/L juglone for 24 h, and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for HE staining and Coomassie brilliant blue staining and scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTSIncubation with juglone resulted in obvious changes in the cell morphology and cytoskeletal alterations of the cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduced volume of the cell bodies, dissociation of the cells, curling and malformation of the microvilli on the cell surface with rupture of the intercellular junction and enlargement of the intercellular space. The formation of apoptotic bodies was observed. Transmission electron microscopy showed expansion of the endoplasmic reticula, mitochondrial cristea disintegration, nucleolar fragmentation and formation of the apoptotic bodies after the exposure to juglone for 24 h.

CONCLUSIONJuglone can cause ultrastructural changes of human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells and induce their apoptosis.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; ultrastructure ; Naphthoquinones ; pharmacology

Along with progress of modern science and technology, human is utilizing natural resources and their inherent law more effectively and more efficiently according to their own purposes. Chinese medicine pair (CMP) is relatively fixed combination of two TCMs which was proven to be effective in clinical application. CMP has its inner specification, and it is an intermediate point between single herb and many TCM formulae. With the aid of modern science and technology, and by means of choosing appropriate strategies and approaches, the compatibility rules of CMP might be revealed, which will be significant to develop the compatibility theory of TCM formulae and create modern TCM new drugs.
Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Research Design ; Systems Biology

OBJECTIVEThis study is to understand the difference of semen quality among the different areas and the related factors.

METHODSFive hundred and sixty-two people were under from seven provinces.

RESULTSResults showed that the quantity and density of semen, the rate of moving forward semen, livability, percent age of normal formed semen and the total number of semen were statistically different among the seven areas. The difference was ranged as 28.82%, with the highest 2.95 ml in Shanxi province and the lowest 2.29 ml in Henan province. Geometric mean of semen density was found the lowest 36.27 x 10(6)/ml in Guizhou province, next to it was 42.52 x 10(6)/ml in Shandong province and the highest was 74.77 x 10(6)/ml in Hebei province. The percent age with forward progression of semen was seen the lowest 44.40% in Henan province, followed by 51.88% in Hebei province and 52.88% in Zhejiang province and the highest were 76.50% in Shanghai, 75.24% in Shanxi province, with a range of 72.30%. The highest semen viability was 85.89% in Shanghai, while the lowest 72.35% in Henan, with a range of 18.71%. Normal sperm morphology was seen the lowest 68.45% in Hebei province, with the highest 88.06% in Guizhou province, and the range was 28.65%. The geometric mean of total sperm count was seen the highest 204.23 x 10(6)/ml in Hebei province and the lowest 77.69 x 10(6)/ml in Guizhou province. Results showed through analysis of variance that some indexes were different in some provinces.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that the semen quality was different in different regions in China and its influential factors may be region and geography environment.

Adult ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Residence Characteristics ; Semen ; cytology ; physiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa ; physiology

To construct a rabies virus mutant, the psi region was replaced by the coding region of human cytochrome c gene, and the coding region for cytoplasmic domain of glycoprotein G was deleted in the full-length of genomic cDNA of rabies virus strain SRV9. The mutant plasmid and the plasmids with N, P, L and G structural proteins of wild type SRV9 were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. It was shown by IFA that there were many specific fluorescence in the BHK-21 cells, and typical rabies virus virions were observed by electronic microscope. These results demonstrated that the mutant rabies virus was successfully rescued. The genetically modified SRV9 stain has promise to provide invaluable experimental tool to develop attenuated live rabies vaccine.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Humans ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Mutation ; Rabies virus ; genetics ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo study the changes in pathogenic causes and the prognosis of aortic valve replacement (AVR).

METHODSThe clinical data of 1026 patients undergoing AVR from December 1980 to December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. The mortality, morbidity, changes in pathogenic causes and risk factors were analyzed.

RESULTSThe postoperative mortality and complication morbidity were 4.3% and 10.6% respectively within 30 days followed operation. Main causes of operative death were heart failure, multi organ failure and endocarditis. The major risk factors for operative death were left ventricle ejection fraction less than 0.4, endocarditis, valve regurgitation and emergency operation before AVR. Late mortality was 0.54% patient-year (3.4%), most of whom died of heart failure, endocarditis and arrhythmias. Patients underwent reoperation 0.22% patient-year (1.4%), with the causes of endocarditis and perivalvular fistula.

CONCLUSIONSMorbidity of rheumatic damage in aortic valve has decreased, while valve degeneration has increased gradually in the recent years. Avoiding prosthesis-patient mismatch, good postoperatively guide and prevention of endocarditis can improve the prognosis of AVR.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aortic Valve ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Diseases ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; mortality ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome