Abstract: Suxamethonium chloride is a depolarizing muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia. In overdose, it causes adverse reactions such as bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and death. The article reviews the progress on testing methods of suxamethonium chloride such as infrared spectroscopy, chemical color reaction, chemical titration, enzyme electrode, chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Anesthesia, General ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced* ; Biosensing Techniques ; Bradycardia/chemically induced* ; Chromatography ; Drug Overdose ; Heart Arrest/chemically induced* ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/analysis* ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Succinylcholine/analysis*

OBJECTIVE: Based on a retrospective analysis of the drunk driving cases, to explore the drunk drivers' personnel composition, occurrence time and psychology. METHODS: As a result of punishment of the drunk driving by criminal law for one year from May 1st, 2011 to April 30th, 2012, 91 drunk driving cases were statistically analyzed the easy-happening time of drunk driving, the drunk drivers' age, gender, occupational characteristics, domicile and psychological factors. RESULTS: In 97 drunk driving cases, 26-40 years old, non-local domiciled and non-professional male drivers were prone to drunk driving at night from 22:00 to 5:00. CONCLUSION The behavior of drunk driving is relevant to time, age, genders and occupation. The psychological characteristics of most drivers are fluky, making-life-easy, competitive and peacockish.
Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology* ; Automobile Driving/psychology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Social Behavior ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclosporin A(CsA)on the level of anti-myelin basic protein(anti-MBP)in the serum and myelinoclasis in rat models after brain trauma.Methods Seventy-seven SD rats were randomized into blank control group(n=7),model group(n=35)and CsA-treated group(n=35).The 0.9% normal saline(5 mg/kg/d)was intraperitoneally injected into the model group and 5 mg/mL CsA(5 mg/kg/d)was injected into the CsA-treated group.Different time points(1,4,10,20 and 30 d)after the brain trauma,the MBP content and anti-MBP titer in the serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and the degree of myelinoclasis in the brain stem slices was assessed with Marchi's method.Results As compared with that in the blank control group,the MBP and Anti-MBP contents in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.05):anti-MBP in the serum and the degree of myelinoclasis in the brain stem were all significantly increased in the 4th d,both reaching their highest levels on 10~(th) d.No significant differences of the MBP content in the serum between the CsA-treated group and the model group were found the same time points after the injury(P>0.05).However,lower level of anti-MBP in the serum 1 d after the injury and degree of myelinoclasis in the brain stem 4 daRer the injury in the CsA-treated group were observed as compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).Statistical analysis showed an intimate positive correlation between anti-MBP titer in serum and the degree of rnyelinoclasis(r=0.959,P=0.000).Conclusion CsA can affect the immune system to decrease the degree of myelinoclasis in the brain stem through decreasing the level of anti-MBP in the serum of rat models after brain trauma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanisms of high glucose on the phenotype transformation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

METHODSVSMCs ere isolated from rat thoracic aorta and the 3rd-5th VSMCs were incubated with normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L), high glucose (25 mmol/L), or high glucose (25 mmol/L) + P38 inhibitor (25 mmol/L +SB203580) for another 24 hours. Then the gene expression of osteopontin (OPN), alpha smooth-actin (alpha-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) were assayed by real time RT-PCR, the protein expression of P38 were assayed by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) High glucose promoted the phenotype transformation of VSMCs and up-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. (2) High glucose promoted the phosphorylation of P38. (3) SB203580, the inhibitor of P38/MAPK signal pathway, inhibited the effects of high glucose on phenotype transformation and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

CONCLUSIONHigh glucose may promote phenotype transformation of VSMCs via the signal pathway of P38/MAPK.

Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; cytology ; Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; drug effects ; Osteopontin ; metabolism ; Phenotype ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) is a reversed phase liquid chromatography with mobile phases containing surfactant above its critical micellar concentration (CMC). The basic mechanism and advantages of MLC in physicochemical analysis were reviewed, and its applications in analysis of drugs, barbiturates, benzodiazepines were chiefly introduced in this paper. MLC is a potential method to toxicological analysis due to strong selectivity, wide application scope and easy biological samples, etc.
Analgesics, Opioid/analysis* ; Barbiturates/chemistry* ; Benzodiazepines/chemistry* ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/chemistry* ; Micelles ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solvents/chemistry* ; Surface-Active Agents/chemistry*

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a prominent component of the descending modulatory system involved in the control of spinal nociceptive transmission. In the current study, we investigated melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) expression in the RVM, where the neurons involved in modulation of nociception reside. Using a line of mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the MC4R promoter, we found a large number of GFP-positive neurons in the RVM [nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) and nucleus gigantocellularis pars α (NGCα)]. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed that approximately 10% of MC4R-GFP-positive neurons coexpressed tyrosine hydroxylase, indicating that they were catecholaminergic, whereas 50%-75% of those coexpressed tryptophan hydroxylase, indicating that they were serotonergic. Our findings support the hypothesis that MC4R signaling in RVM may modulate the activity of serotonergic sympathetic outflow sensitive to nociceptive signals, and that MC4R signaling in RVM may contribute to the descending modulation of nociceptive transmission.
Animals ; Female ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; cytology ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways ; cytology ; metabolism ; Neurons, Afferent ; cytology ; metabolism ; Nociception ; physiology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Serotonergic Neurons ; metabolism ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the spiral CT and its reconstruction techniques in diagnosis and localization of gastrointestinal stromal tumor originated in the small intestine.

METHODSThe data of spiral CT scan and MPR, STS-MIP of 24 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the small intestine confirmed pathologically were analyzed retrospectrvely.

RESULTSOf 24 cases, 1 had multiple tumor, while the other 23 had single one. Seventeen of these tumors were benign and 7 malignant, with 2 in the duodenum, 12 in the jejunum and 10 in the ileum. The range of tumor diameters was from 2.5 to 12 cm. The main clinical characters of the tumors on the CT image: (1) The tumor of 15 cases located outside of the enteric cavity, 7 inside of the enteric cavity or presented as thicken bowel wall and 2 showed as niche sign. (2) The tumor shape of 19 cases were round-like, and 5 lobulated or irregular. (3) The tumor density of 12 cases was homegeneous, 7 heterogeneous and 5 map-like in the center. (4) The tumor enhancement style in 19 cases were homegeneous in dynamic enhanced scan, and 16 were slightly or mildly heterogeneous in the artery phase but apparently enhanced in the venous and equilibrium phase, with 5 showed as fast-in fast-out enhanced mode. Of those, one showed obvious enhancement in artery phase, while 2 did not. (5) The tumor of 2 cases had no clear margin and had invaded the surrounding tissue. (6) The arteries supplying tumors in 20 cases were demonstrated by multiple planar reconstruction (MPR), sliding thin slab-maximum intensity projection (STS-MIP). The accuracy of diagnosis and localization of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the small intestine by spiral CT scan combined with MPR, STS-MIP were 91.7% (22/24) and 95.8% (23/24), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSpiral CT and its reconstruction techniques (MPR, STS-MIP) can play an important role in the differential diagnosis and localization of gastrointestinal stromal tumor originated in the small intestine.

Adult ; Aged ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Duodenum ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Ileal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ileum ; diagnostic imaging ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Jejunal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Jejunum ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVETo assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Aike Mixture (AKM) on rats with nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP).

METHODSRat model of NBP was established by injection of Xiaozhiling Injection. The experimental rats were randomized into 7 groups: the three AKM groups (A1, A2 and A3), treated with high, middle and low dose of AKM respectively, the 2 positive control groups (C1 and C2), treated by Bazheng Mixture (BZM) and Qianliexian Decoction (QLXD) respectively, the model control group (Cm) and the sham-operative control group (Cso). The pathological changes in rats' prostate were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope.

RESULTSSignificant differences in the number and structure of acini, mesenchyma, as well as the degrees of anti-fibroplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration were shown between the treated groups (A1, A2, A3, C1, C1, C2) and the untreated groups (Cm, Cso), with statistical significance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, the anti-fibroplasia and anti-inflammatory effects in A1 were better than that in the two positive control groups significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAKM is a new TCM drug functioned for dispersing Gan-qi in treating NBP. It shows a better efficacy than that of BZM and QLXD, the two Chinese herbal medicines for clearing heat with remove dampness and activating blood circulation to remove stasis, respectively. Aike Mixture; prostatitis; pathological observation

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical significance of postoperative personalized antithrombotic therapy for patients with hemophilic arthritis (HA) patients after arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom September 2005 to October 2013, 11 cases of arthroplasty for hemophilic arthritis in hip and knee total operation 14 times,including 1 case of double knees (calculated as one operation), operation in left knees 6 times, operation in right knees 5 times, 2 in hip. All the patients were male and the age ranged from 23 to 57 years old,with an average of (36.1 ± 11.0) years old; the average weight was (64.1 ± 8.9) kg. All the patients were preoperatively diagnosed and classified as hemophilic arthritis with the radiological images and laboratory tests. According to the function of joints, the risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE), and dynamic observation of Factor VIII:C (FVIII:C) activity, patients were treated with personalized antithrombus by adjusting the dosage of recombinant human coagulation factor VIII (Kogenate FS). All the patients were orderly divided into postoperatively distal joints moving group and none-moving group to observe the coagulation function.

RESULTSThe enrolled patients had no postoperative complication of VTE and pulmonary embolism (PE). The APTT and D-2 were different between two groups in the postoperative early stage. Length of hospital day was shorter in the moving group than none-moving group.

CONCLUSIONBecause of the self-coagulation disorder, patients with HA tended to bleed. However it doesn't mean that there is no risk of postoperative thrombosis. Therefore,it's important to determine how to control the balance between postoperative antithrombus, hemostasis,and coagulation factor replacement therapy after arthroplasty for HA. Postoperative moving has proved helpful for HA, especially in reducing the risk of hemostasis and shortening the time in hospital.

Adult ; Arthritis ; surgery ; Arthroplasty ; adverse effects ; Factor XIII ; metabolism ; Hemophilia A ; complications ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Thrombosis ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects on chemotherapeutic sensitization of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in diffuse large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines ly1, ly8, ly10.

METHODSThe three cell lines were treated with LY294002, or doxorubicin alone or combined or sequentially respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the level of phospho-AKT after the treatment. Flow cytometry combined with annexin V-FITC assay and Brdu incorporation assay were used to analyze the alterations of cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively.

RESULTSLY294002 decreased the level of phospha-AKT efficiently in the three DLBCL cell lines. The ratio of S phase cells was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Sequential use of LY294002 and doxorubicin increased the ratio of apoptosis and there was significant difference between the sequential group and the other four groups (P < 0.05) at 24, 48, 72(ly1), 48, 72 (ly8) or 24 h (ly10).

CONCLUSIONLY294002 can sensitize doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and may be a potential molecular therapeutic agent targeted at AKT signaling pathway in DLBCL.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism