The interaction between co-stimulatory ligands and their receptors of T cells and antigen presenting cells is crucial for the activation or resting of the immune cells. The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and CD28-B7 family contain many such regulatory molecules. Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), also named as tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14, is noted for its pivotal role in regulating immune responses through binding LIGHT as a ligand to develop T-cell immunity, and in interacting with B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) as a receptor to negatively regulate T-cell responses. In antitumor immunity, increasing amount of evidence demonstrates that HVEM is an indispensable receptor on lymphocyte for LIGHT to co-stimulate tumor antigen-specific CTL. This article discusses the role of HVEM in regulating immune response and antitumor-immunity.

Objective:To evaluate the anti-metastatic and bone preserving therapeutic effects of herbal medicine extraction on rat model of bone metastatic carcinoma.Methods:A rat model of cancer-induced bone pain using the MRMT-1 cell line injected into the tibia was established to investigate the efficacy of the herbal medicine extraction,on osteoclast activity and bone mineral density.The development of the bone tumor and structural damage to the bone was monitored by radiological analysis.Specimens of the tibial bone were processed for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)stain to observe the bone pathological changes and count TRAP stained osteoclasts.OPG and RANKL expression was evaluated by immunohistological methord.Results:Histological and radiological examination showed that the herbal medicine extraction significantly inhibited tumor proliferation and preserved the cortical and trabecular bone structure.In addition,a dramatic reduction of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive polykaryocytes(osteoclasts)and increase of OPG expression were observed.Conclusions:The herbal medicine extraction was an anti-metastatic and bone preserving therapeutic effects in a rat model of metastatic cancer pain.

Objective To explore the risk factors in the prognosis of patients with severe multiple trauma related factors.Methods Ninety-three patients with severe multiple trauma(ISS score≥16 points) were selected as our subjects,who all hospitalized in the second hospital affiliated to Dalian medical University.Among of which,38 cases' ISS score was 16-25,and 55 cases' ISS score was higher and equal to 25.Clinical data and general information were recorded.ISS score,APACHE Ⅱ score and 6 h lactate clearance rate score were measured.Results Twenty-seven dead among these 93 cases and the mortality was 29.03％.There were significant differences in terms of ISS score,APACHE Ⅱ score,lactate level when entering ICU,6 h lactate level and 6 h lactate clearance rate between death patients (27 cases) and survival patients (66 cases) (t =9.846,9.812,7.112,7.012,9.831 ; P ＜ 0.001).In multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) patients,the mortality of ISS score:16-25 group was different from that of ISS score≥25 (15.78％ (6/38) vs.35.18％ (21/93),x2 =21.52,P ＜0.001).Among the 93 cases of severe multiple trauma,35 cases with MODS(37.6％ (35/93)),and 20 cases of which were dead(57.1％ (20/35)).There was statistic difference between MODS group(35 cases) and non-MODS(58 cases) in term of mortality(37.6％ (35/93) vs.12.1％ (7/58) ;x2 =21.52,P ＜ 0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ISS score,APACHE Ⅱ score,6 h lactate clearance rate and MODS were independently prognostic correlation factors (P ＜ 0.05).Operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that AUC of ISS score was 0.735 (95 ％ CI 0.629-0.842),of APACHE Ⅱ score was 0.888 (95％ CI 0.821 =0.956),of 6 h lactate clearance rate score was 0.951 (95％ CI 0.906 -0.997).Conclusion The factors of ISS score,APPCHE Ⅱ assessment,6 h lactate clearance rate,the occurrence of MODS are independent prognostic factors.

Aim To establish a model of the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) injury in SDrats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into the control and the modelgroups. The model rats were injected with adrenaline diluted to 2. 5 times 0. 05 mg?100 g-1 (tid) for 5 d continously. From the 4th d, they were irritated for 5 min in the0℃ cold-water in the middle between adrenaline injections.The control rats weregiven 0. 9% NS as above. At 6th d, blood samples were taken from carotid arteries ofthe rats and the CEC counts, t - PA、PAI activities, 6-keto-PGF1? concentrations andthe platelet aggregation rate(max) were detected respectively. Results In the modelgroup, as compared with those in the control group, t - PA activity and 6-keto-PGF1?concentration decreased significantly(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the effective method of preventing cubitus varus deformity in nonoperative treatment of humeral supracondylar fracture in children.

METHODSFrom May 1992 to December 2013,319 patients with hemeral supracondylar fracture in children were treated with manual reduction and external plaster fixation in extension position. There were 253 males and 66 females, aged from 15 months to 13 years old with an average of 6.7 years. Among the patients with humeral supracondylar fracture, extension type was in 284 cases and inflexion type was in 35 cases; 167 cases on the left and 152 cases on the right. Injury to treatment time was 1 hour to 7 days with a mean of 1.8 days. No included nerve injury and operative case in the patients.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 3 months to 14 years with an average of 37.3 months. All fractures obtained bone healing and healed time was 6 to 8 weeks with an average of 6.9 weeks. No complications of serious cubitus varus deformity,vascular nerve injury or volkmann contracture were found. In 183 cases, the carrying angle was consistent with itself contralateral,ranged from 5° to 15°; in 105 cases, the carrying angle of uninjuryed side was decreased. During the reset, the carrying angle of 26 patients with ulnar deviation angle was for -5° to 0°; and 5 patients with radial deviation angle was for 15° to 18°, basically does not affect the appearance. The activities of all elbow joint were normal.

CONCLUSIONExternal plaster fixation in extension position has some value to preventing cubitus varus deformity in nonoperative treatment of humeral supracondylar fracture in children and hope that more scholars to do further study.

Adolescent ; Casts, Surgical ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Infant ; Male

Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating ; diagnosis ; therapy

Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy mechanisme of chicory extract interventing abdominal obesity rat from the aspect of gut bacteria.

METHODMale SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely the normal group, model group, large and small dose group of chicory and the fenofibrate group. Normal group was given deionized water, the other group was given fructose water and give the medical treatment of chicory and fenofibrate. Assay triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL by biochemical methods and measure body weight and abdominal circumference and microscopicly observe the count changes of gut bacteria through real-time PCR method.

RESULTCompared with normal group, the triglyceride level and abdominal circumference were significantly higher (P < 0.05), weight and high-density lipoprotein increased but no significant changes and E. coli, lactobacillus increased significantly. Compared with model group, chicory extract large and small dose group and the fenofibrate group can significantly reduce triglyceride levels (P < 0.05), reduce the number of E. coli and Lactobacillus and increase the number of bifidobacteria. The fenofibrate group can significantly reduce total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels.

CONCLUSIONThe chicory's treatment effect on abdominal obesity is significant. The efficacy mechanisme intervention abdominal obesity may be related to the reduction of the number of lactic acid bacteria and E. coli and the increase of bifidobacteria.

Animals ; Bacteria ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Biodiversity ; Chicory ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Microbiota ; Obesity, Abdominal ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Plant Extracts ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Coptis chinensis is widely used as Chinese medicine herbs and serious soil problems occur after continual cultivation of this medicinal plant. In the preset experiment, fibrous root extract of C. chinensis (REC) was added into soil to study the effect of REC on microbes and enzyme activity in soil. The results showed that both bacteria and actinomycetes decreased by about 2 times in contrast to fungi, which increased by about 3 folds. Phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, azotobacter, ammonia bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria were also reduced significantly by REC, suggesting the inhibition of nitrogen biofixation and supply, mobilization of phosphorus and potassium, ad plant growth promotion as REC added into soil. There were multiple influences of REC on soil enzyme activities. Invertase activity was stimulated, while urease was inhibited and dehydrogenase unchanged by REC, indicating the interference of biochemical reactions in soil. In addition, type and total content of phosphorus lipid fatty acids (PLFAs) , the signature of microbes, decreased while the ratio of bacterium to fungus PLFAs increased as REC increased in soil, which suggested that fungi increased relatively with bacteria decreased thereby leading to easy occurrence of crop fungus diseases following cultivation of C. chinensis. The decrease in diversity and evenness indexes of microbial community in soil by REC indicated soil ecosystem deterioration and reduction of microbial groups and densities in soil. Therefore, allelopathic chemicals released from the roots of C. chinensis could change microbial community structure and resulted in serious soil problems by continual cropping of this medicinal plant.
Coptis ; Ecosystem ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; Soil ; chemistry ; Soil Microbiology

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for vancomycin-induced neutropenia adverse reactions/adverse events in clinical diagnosis. METHODS:With a case of children with neutropenia treated by long-course and large-dose vancomycin,PubMed and CNKI were retrieved to collect related literature and the literature was analyzed. RESULTS:Neutropenia may be associated with vancomycin,based on causality criterion of adverse reaction in China. CONCLUSIONS:Vancomycin-induced neutropenia in chil-dren is most likely associated with prolonged exposure induced by infusion,vancomycin dosage should be reduced or stopped,and routine blood and plasma concentration should be closely monitored.