Objective:To investigate the relationship between hypercoagulable state and the activation of the NF- kappa B pathway,inflammatory/suppression cytokines in patients with osteoarthritis. Methods:56 patients with OA were divided into two groups according to random number table:XFC group ( 28 cases ) and glucosamine ( GS ) group ( 28 cases ) . Two groups were treated for 3 months. Nine healthy people are healthy control group ( NC) . Determining the expression levels of the index of the NF-κB signaling pathway (p50,p65,TAK1,IκBα) and TNF-α,IL-1,IL-10,platelet activating factor(PAF) in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Detected the level of the indicators and laboratory indexes related with coagulation,observed the changes between the two group, used OA symptoms integral scale, LequesneMG, SF-36 and vas to assess efficacy;and made a correlation analysis. Results: After treatment,FIB,D-D, PAF, PLT, p50, p65, TAK1, IL-1, TNF-α, hs-CRP, ESR, IgG, LequesneMG, symptom integral meter, and VAS integral were significantly higher,APTT,PT,PAF-AH,IL-10 and each dimension integral of SF-36 significantly decreased in 2 groups (P<0. 05). XFC group was better than the GS group in reducing the level of PLT,FIB,TNF-α,p65,TAK1,hs-CRP,ESR,symptom integral meter,and VAS integral and increasing PT,each dimension integral of SF-36, etc (P<0. 05,P<0. 01). The results of Pearson correlation analysis show that PLT,FIB,D-D,PAF had positive correlation with p50,p65,TAK1,IL-1,TNF-α,hs-CRP,ESR,IgG,Le-quesneMG,symptom integral meter,and VAS integral,and negative correlation with IL-10 and each dimension integral of SF-36 ( P<0. 05,P<0. 01). PT had positive correlation with IL-10,GH and PF,and negative correlation with p50,p65,TAK1,IL-1,TNF-α,hs-CRP,ESR,IgG,symptom integral meter,and VAS integral (P<0. 05,P<0. 01). Conclusion: XFC could inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, raise the level of IL-10, reduce the expression of IL-1, TNF-α, P50, p65, TAK1 and so on, and reduce the abnormal inflammatory immune response. So as to achieve the purpose of delaying and inhibiting the production of hypercoagulable state,reduce joint disease,relieve the symptoms of joint pain and stiffness,eventually improve the patient’s quality of life.

Objective:To observe the changes in coagulation parameters, peripheral blood cytokines, NF-kappa B signaling pathway protein, laboratory indexes in Sjogren′s syndrome ( SS ) patients, thus to explore the mechanism of hypercoagulable state. Methods:60 patients with SS and 20 healthy persons were randomly selected as the study group and the control group;Automatic coagulation analyzer was used to detect the value of coagulation parameters [ activated partial thromboplastin time ( APTT) ,prothrombin time ( PT) , plasma fibrinogen ( FIB ) , prothrombin time ( TT ) , D-dimer ( DD ) ]; ELISA method was performed to observe the expression of related cytokines(IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-10) and NF-κB signaling pathway proteins (p65,p50,IκBα); Westergren method was used to determine erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) ,and automatic biochemical analyzer to examine immune protein( IgG,IgA, IgM,GLO) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Results: Blood coagulation parameters in 60 patients with SS were at least one abnormal for 46 cases,accounting for 76. 7% of the subjects. Among them,the abnormal rate of D-D was the highest,followed by FIB,APTT,PT,TT. Compared with the control group,D-D,FIB were significantly increased in SS patients,and TT,PT,APTT was not found obviously different. In addition,IL-1β,TNF-α,P50,P65,IκBα and inflammatory indexes like ESR,hs-CRP,IGg,GLO,ESSDAI, corneal staining score increased while the salivary flow rate,tear film break-up time and IL-10 decreased significantly( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Correlation analysis showed that the coagulation parameters FIB were positively correlated with the salivary flow rate,TNF-α, P50,P65,ESR,hs-CRP,while negatively correlated with IL-10,that TT was negatively correlated with TNF-α;that D-D was positively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β, P65, ESR, hs-CRP, ESSDAI and corneal staining score, while negatively correlated with IL-10. Conclusion: SS patients generally have hypercoagulable state, and may be associated with the imbalance of cytokines, abnormal activation NF-kappa B signaling pathway,which mediates vascular endothelial cell damage,causing coagulation/fibrinolytic system dis-orders.

Objective To study the methods and results of endovascular treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. Methods Twenty-one patients with PICA aneurysms were treated with endovascular treatment. The locations of aneurysm on PICA were evaluated through the DSA. Eight patients received single coil embolization, 5 received liquid Glue embolization, 2 received coil embolization combined with liquid Glue, 2 received coil embolization assisted with stents, and 4 underwent ocelasion of the parent PICA. Outcome was evaluated with the Glasgow outcome scale (COS). Results There were complete (100%) occlusion in 5 patients, near complete (>90% ) occlusion in 2, and incomplete (85%) occlusion in 1 in single coil embolization. Seven patients with Glue embolization (n = 5 ) or combination with coils ( n = 2 ) exhibited complete ( 100% ) occlusion. There were near complete ( >90% ) occlusion in 2 cases with coil assisted with stents. Complete occlusion of the parent PICA was achieved in 3 patients, and near complete occlusion of PICA in one case. One patient suffered from new neurological deficits, and one patient treated with coils and stents died. None of the patients suffered from re-bleeding. These patients received follow-up during a mean period of (22±8) months. Overall long-term outcome was good ( GOS score 4 or 5 ) in 17 patients, poor ( COS score 2 or 3) in 3, and fatal ( GOS score 1 ) in one case. Conclusions According to the location of aneurysms on PICA, aneurysms can be effectively and safely treated with endovaecular embolization.

This is a case study of a 22-year-old National Serviceman presenting with the main complaint of insomnia. This case demonstrates possible gaps in the integration of care between public and National Service healthcare. We illustrate a pathway which primary physicians may use to improve communication with National Service healthcare.

OBJECTIVETo explore the causes and mechanisms of children elbow joint injury led to elbow varus.

METHODSOne hundred children with elbow varus causded by elbow joint injuries were retrospectively studied during January 2005 to April 2008 in department of child orthopedics involving 54 males and 46 females with an average age of 9.7 years old ranging from 7 to 16 years. The anterior-posterior and lateral position X-ray films of elbow joint continuous 12 to 18 months (means 15 months) of all the cases were collected. The postoperative X-ray films were observed to analyze the cause of elbow varus.

RESULTSThere were 81 cases caused by epiphyseal dysplasia, growth imbalance, included 47 cases of humeral supracondylar fractures, 16 cases of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 11 cases of humeral lateral condyle fractures, 7 cases of humeral medial condyle fractures. There were 19 cases caused by ulna drift and rotation of the distal fracture end,the ulnaris cortibal bone crushing and collapse involving 11 of humeral supracondylar fractures, 2 of entire epiphysis separation of distal humerus, 5 of humeral lateral condyle fractures, 1 of humeral medial condyle fractures.

CONCLUSIONThere are two main factors of formation for the children elbow varus deformity: the main causes is epiphysial dysplasia after fracture and imbalance growth of epiphysis; the secondary reasons is ulnar inclination of the distal fracture, rotation of the distal fracture, fracture shift such as ulnar bone cortical extrusion collapse.

Adolescent ; Child ; Elbow Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo in vestigate the chemical constituents of Sarcandra glabra and obtain a more comprehensive understanding on its effective components.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic method and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTFive flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (1), quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (3), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavanone (4), neoastilbin (5), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (6), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (7), isofraxidin (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 were isolated from the genus Sarcandra for the first time. The glucuroide compounds compounds 1-3, were first isolated from the genus Sarcandra.

Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glucuronides ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment of acute and chronic osteomyelitis with negative pressure wound therapy.

METHODThirty cases of acute and chronic osteomyelitis were treated with negative pressure wound therapy, assisted with debridement, autodermoplasty and myo-cutaneous flap surgery.

RESULTSNo evidence of relapse was found in all cases treated with negative pressure wound therapy. All the patients were followed up, range from 6 to 23 months, the average was 13.6 months.

CONCLUSIONThe negative pressure wound therapy maybe a simple, effective and inexpensive method, and could be one of the favorable therapy in the treatment of acute and chronic osteomyelitis.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Diseases, Infectious ; etiology ; surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Debridement ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Osteomyelitis ; surgery ; Surgical Wound Infection ; surgery

BACKGROUNDSevoflurane and propofol are widely used anesthetics for surgery. Studies on the mechanisms of general anesthesia have focused on changes in protein expression properties and membrane lipid. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate neural function by altering protein expression. We hypothesize that sevoflurane and propofol affect miRNA expression profiles in the brain, expect to understand the mechanism of anesthetic agents.

METHODSRats were randomly assigned to a 2% sevoflurane group, 600 μg·kg - 1·min - 1 propofol group, and a control group without anesthesia (n = 4, respectively). Treatment group was under anesthesia for 6 h, and all rats breathed spontaneously with continuous monitoring of respiration and blood gases. Changes in rat cortex miRNA expression profiles were analyzed by miRNA microarrays and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Differential expression of miRNA using qRT-PCR among the control, sevoflurane, and propofol groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTSOf 677 preloaded rat miRNAs, the microarray detected the expression of 277 miRNAs in rat cortex (40.9%), of which 9 were regulated by propofol and (or) sevoflurane. Expression levels of three miRNAs (rno-miR-339-3p, rno-miR-448, rno-miR-466b-1FNx01) were significantly increased following sevoflurane and six (rno-miR-339-3p, rno-miR-347, rno-miR-378FNx01, rno-miR-412FNx01, rno-miR-702-3p, and rno-miR-7a-2FNx01) following propofol. Three miRNAs (rno-miR-466b-1FNx01, rno-miR-3584-5p and rno-miR-702-3p) were differentially expressed by the two anesthetic treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONSSevoflurane and propofol anesthesia induced distinct changes in brain miRNA expression patterns, suggesting differential regulation of protein expression. Determining the targets of these differentially expressed miRNAs may help reveal both the common and agent-specific actions of anesthetics on neurological and physiological function.

Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacology ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced inflammatory cytokines and reoxygenation on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) expression in rat skeletal muscles.

METHODSTwenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to blank control group, chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) group, and reoxygenation group. At the end of the experiment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS) and serum inflammatory cytokine levels were measured with glucose oxidase-peroxidase, insulin radioimmunoassay and ELISA, respectively. Homeostasis model assessment (IRI) was used to evaluate insulin resistance in the rats, and GLUT-4 protein expression in the skeletal muscles was measured with Western blotting.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, CIH resulted in significantly increased fasting blood glucose, blood insulin levels and insulin resistance index (IRI) (P<0.05); fasting blood glucose was significantly elevated in reoxygenation group (P<0.05). Inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) were significantly higher in CIH group than in the blank control and reoxygenation groups (P<0.05), and were higher in reoxygenation group than in the blank control group. GLUT-4 expression in the skeletal muscles was significantly reduced after CIH (P<0.05) but increased after subsequent reoxygenation (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCIH can cause increased release of inflammatory cytokines to lower GLUT-4 protein expression in the skeletal muscles, which contributes to insulin resistance in adult rats.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6 ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood