The accumulation of uremic toxins such as urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, and uric acid of patients with renal failure in vivo would lead to aggravated kidney damage. In this study, coated aldehyde oxy-starch (CAO) was used as an adsorbent to investigate its in vitro adsorption performance on renal failure indexes for urea, indoxyl sulfate (INS), monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), uric acid (UA), and creatinine (Cr). The effects of variables such as pH, temperature, concentration, dosage, and time on the adsorption capacity of CAO were systematically investigated, employing analytical techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). The results revealed that CAO exhibited a strong adsorption capacity for urea, INS, and MMA, alongside a moderate adsorption capacity for DMA, UA, and Cr. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO were fitted in pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm aligned with the Freundlich adsorption model. The enthalpy change ΔH of urea in adsorption was in the range of 40 to 60 kJ·mol^-1, which demonstrated the presence of strong adsorption force due to the interactions of coordinating groups. The ΔH of UA was greater than 80 kJ·mol^-1, indicating the generation of chemical bonds during the adsorption. Both of them, Gibbs free energy ΔG was less than 0, within the range of -20 to 0 kJ·mol^-1, suggested that the adsorption of urea and UA by CAO occurred spontaneously as physical adsorption process. The adsorption entropy ΔS of urea and UA was > 0, which indicated an increase in entropy throughout the adsorption. The infrared spectroscopygram showed the formation of a chemical bond, specifically the imine bond, following the adsorption of urea by CAO, thereby indicating a chemical reaction during the adsorption. This study elucidates the adsorption mechanism of CAO on various indexes of renal failure, providing a scientific basis for its clinical usage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and cognitive dysfunction, and its mediating role between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive dysfunction. MethodsA case-control study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2021 at the Shanghai Yangpu District Central Hospital, China. A total of 193 subjects were recruited and divided into two groups based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): normal control (NC) group (n=95) and cognitive impairment group (n=98). The prevalence of T2DM was determined on the basis of medical history, while mtDNAcn in peripheral blood samples was quantified using realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ResultsUnivariate analyses revealed that the mean mtDNAcn in the cognitive impairment group was 0.76±0.37, significantly lower than that in the NC group (1.06±0.45) (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that higher mtDNAcn was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment (OR=0.315, 95%CI: 0.125‒0.795). Additionaly, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between mtDNAcn and the total MoCA score (r=0.381, P<0.01). Morever, T2DM history (OR=2.741, 95%CI: 1.002‒7.497) and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (OR=1.796, 95%CI: 1.190‒2.711) were identified as risk factors for cognitive impairment. Mediation analyses indicated that mtDNAcn served as a mediator between T2DM/HbA1c and the risk of cognitive impairment, with proportions of mediating effect of 9.04% and 9.18%, respectively. ConclusionPatients with mild and moderate cognitive impairment have significantly lower mtDNAcn than those with normal cognitive function. Reduced mtDNAcn is an influencing factor for cognitive dysfunction and may play a mediating role in the association between T2DM and mild to moderate cognitive impairment.

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease with a complex etiology and a tendency for recurrence. So far, the clinical efficacy of western medicine in treating UC has been poor and is often accompanied by adverse reactions. Therefore, the multi-target, multi-level, synergistic, and heterogeneous characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) are more beneficial for the treatment of UC. As one of the largest microbiotas, the intestinal flora is closely related to human health and disease. Once the intestinal flora becomes dysfunctional, it can affect the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, thereby exacerbating UC. Additionally, the abnormal activation of signaling pathways may lead to dysregulation of the inflammatory response and play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC. Many studies have shown that individual TCMs and their compounds can further protect the intestinal barrier and immune system function by regulating the intestinal flora and associated signaling pathways, achieving therapeutic effects for UC. This paper summarizes the latest research results in China and abroad on the regulation of intestinal flora and related signaling pathways by individual TCMs and compounds in the treatment of UC, aiming to provide theoretical references for the clinical practice of TCM in treating UC and for related new drug research and development.
Humans ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of 3D-printed navigation guided pudendal lead implantation on nervous regulation of lower urinary tract symptoms（LUTS） in male patients. METHODS: Twenty-eight male patients who underwent perineal nervous regulation treatment for LUTS in Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area from October 2021 to October 2023 were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The technology assisted with 3D-printed navigation to regulate the genital nerves was used in observation group. And the patients in control group were treated with regulation of the genital nerves by routine puncture. Operation time of puncture, number of surgical punctures, and stimulator debugging time compared between the two groups. The improvement of postoperative symptoms and surgical complications of patients in the observation group were recorded as well. RESULT: A total of 12 male LUTS patients were included in the observation group, with an average age of 36.5±6.5 years, including 7 cases of frequent micturition, 3 cases of perineal pain, and 2 cases of dysuria. Four patients showed no significant improvement in symptoms, including two patients with pain and two cases of frequent micturition who did not undergo secondary surgery. While the other eight patients showed significant improvement in symptoms. The average time for successful puncture in control group was (21.13 ± 4.53) minutes, which was longer than that of the 3D-printed navigation group (［10.32 ± 3.42］ min) significantly (P<0.05). The average number of punctures in the ordinary puncture group was 5.62 ± 1.43, which was significantly higher than that in the 3D-printed navigation group (1.5 ± 0.56). There was no statistically significant difference in the average time for stimulator debugging between the two groups of patients. The conversion rate of the 3D-printed navigation group in the second phase was 66.7%, which was higher than that (37.5%) significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION 3D printing navigation of pudendal nerve electrode wire implantation can improve the accuracy of electrode implantation and the conversion rate to a certain extent, which has the advantages of reducing the difficulty of surgery.
Humans ; Male ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/surgery* ; Adult ; Pudendal Nerve ; Middle Aged ; Electrodes, Implanted

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process involving multiple injury factors and cell types, with different stages. Currently, protective drugs targeting a single condition are limited in efficacy, and interventions on immune cells will also be accompanied by a series of side effects. In the current bottleneck research stage, the multi-target and obvious clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) is expected to become a breakthrough point in the research and development of new drugs. In this review, we summarize the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in various stages of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and on various types of cells. Combined with the current research progress in reducing ROS/RNS with CM, new therapies and mechanisms for the treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion are discussed.
Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism* ; Humans ; Liver/drug effects* ; Animals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for organic lesions in the intestines of patients with chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea. Methods The IUS signs in 263 patients with chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea were retrospectively analyzed.With the endoscopic examination results as the gold standard,comparison was performed for the IUS signs between the groups with positive and negative endoscopic results,as well as between the inflammatory bowel disease group and the non-specific intestinal inflammation group of positive cases.Furthermore,the detection rates of IUS in different intestinal segments were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of IUS in the diagnosis and localization of intestinal lesions. Results Among the 263 patients,194 (73.8%) and 69 (26.2%) patients were in the groups with positive and negative endoscopic results,respectively.The diagnosis sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of IUS were 82.0%,71.0%,and 79.1%,respectively.The proportions of positive IUS signs in the group with positive endoscopic results were higher than that in the group with negative endoscopic results (all P<0.001).The proportions of positive IUS signs in the inflammatory bowel disease group were higher than those in the non-specific bowel inflammation group (all P<0.001).When the lesion was located in the ileum,ileocecal region,and colon,IUS demonstrated good consistency with endoscopic results in locating the lesion (kappa=0.642,0.686,and 0.601,respectively),with sensitivity and specificity of 82.7% (95%CI=75.4%-88.6%) and 81.5% (95%CI=73.5%-87.9%),73.7% (95%CI=62.3%-83.1%) and 93.0% (95%CI=88.4%-96.2%),and 68.9% (95%CI=58.3%-78.2%) and 89.6% (95%CI=84.1%-93.7%),respectively. Conclusions IUS can be used for screening the patients with chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea to detect organic lesions in the intestines. Moreover,it can effectively locate the affected intestinal segment,which is helpful for the monitoring and follow-up of intestinal diseases.
Humans ; Diarrhea/diagnostic imaging* ; Female ; Male ; Abdominal Pain/diagnostic imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Ultrasonography ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Intestines/diagnostic imaging* ; Adolescent ; Chronic Disease ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Aged, 80 and over

Pneumococcal vaccine plays a key role in preventing diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae).Capsular polysaccharide,C-polysaccharide and phosphorus content are important indicators for quality control of polysaccharide antigens in vaccine development and production.In this study,a quantitative 1H NMR and 31P NMR method based on a single internal standard hexamethylphosphoramide(HMPA)was developed to achieve simultaneous determination of capsular polysaccharide,C-polysaccharide and phosphorus content in 6A,6B,18C,19A,19F and 23F S.pneumoniae polysaccharide antigens.Using the internal reference comparison method,the effect of solubility of polysaccharide on quantitative 1H NMR determination was investigated.It was found that the determination results of quantitative 1H NMR were affected by the viscosity and concentration of polysaccharide solution.It was found that high viscosity polysaccharides at 3-15 mg/mL and low viscosity polysaccharides at 5-25 mg/mL were the optimal detection solution concentration range.This"one internal standard three quantitative"NMR method has good precision,specificity and accuracy,and provides a valuable new strategy for the quality control of pneumococcal vaccine.

Objective:To investigate the application of 3.0T high resolution magnetic resonance imaging(HR-MRI)in acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and the influence factors of prognosis.Methods:A total of 92 AIS patients who underwent treatment in Hainan General Hospital from January 2019 to June 2022 were selected as the research objects.All patients were treated by thrombolytic therapy,and they were divided into favorable prognosis group(mRS scores≤2 points,n=66)and poor prognosis group(mRS score>2 points,n=26)according to modified Rankin Scale after they received 90d treatment.All of patients underwent Magnetom Trio type of 3.0 T HR-MRI examination within 1 week after they hospitalized,and the changes of luminal stenosis rate,the luminal area at the narrowest point,the plaque load,T2WIsignal intensity index,T1WI signal intensity index,plaque enhancement rate and other parameters were compared.The receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve was adopted to analyze the predictive value of 3.0T HR-MRI parameters on the AIS prognosis.Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors that affected the prognosis of AIS patients.Results:The difference of infarction diameter between two groups was statistically significant(x2=6.574,P<0.05).The lumen area at the narrowest point in the poor prognosis group was significantly lower than that in the favorable prognosis group,while the T2WI signal intensity index,T1WI signal intensity index and plaque enhancement rate in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the favorable prognosis group(t=-3.378,4.443,4.413,3.890,P<0.05),respectively.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve(AUC)values of T2WI signal intensity index,T1WI signal intensity index,lumen area at the narrowest point and plaque enhancement rate in predicting the AIS prognosis were respectively 0.743,0.739,0.706 and 0.748.The Logistic regression analysis showed that infarction diameter>3.0cm,T1WI signal intensity index,T2WI signal intensity index,lumen area at the narrowest point and plaque enhancement rate were respectively independent risk factors that could affect AIS prognosis(OR=3.889,257.151,105.073,4.091,1.121,P<0.05).Conclusion:3.0T HR-MRI has higher efficiency in the assessment for the prognosis of patients with AIS,which can provide guidance for the judgement of prognosis and the formulation of treatment scheme through observes the changes of a series of parameters include T2WI signal strength index,T1WI signal strength index,the lumen area at the narrowest point,plaque enhancement rate.The above parameters are risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients,which often represent the progress of patients'conditions.

AIM To investigate the clinical effects of Jingu Xiaotong Powder combined with platelet-rich plasma on patients with knee osteoarthritis.METHODS Ninety-six patients were randomly assigned into control group(48 cases)for 8-week administration of platelet-rich plasma,and observation group(48 cases)for 8-week administration of both Jingu Xiaotong Powder and platelet-rich plasma.The changes in clinical effects,IL-17,SDF-1,TLR4,GSH-Px,NO,ox-LDL,WOMAC scores,TCM syndrome score,AIM2-SF score were detected.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated higher total effective rate than the control group(P<0.05).After the treatment,the two groups displayed decreased IL-17,SDF-1,TLR4,NO,ox-LDL,WOMAC scores,TCM syndrome score(P<0.05),and increased GSH-Px,AIM2-SF score(P<0.05),especially for the observation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For the patients with knee osteoarthritis,Jingu Xiaotong Powder combined with platelet-rich plasma can reduce IL-17,SDF-1,TLR4 levels,inhibit body inflammation,improve oxidative stress indices,alleviate pain,and enhance clinical efficacy and life quality.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors for compliance to colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer in outpatients.Methods:Patients aged 40-74 years who visited the outpatient gastroenterology department of 7 tertiary hospitals in 7 regions of Xinjiang from January 2022 to June 2022 were enrolled. Recommendations for colonoscopy screening were made according to the patient's medical conditions, and the questionnaire was used to collect information. The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of compliant and non-compliant patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of compliance to colonoscopy screening.Results:A total of 463 valid questionnaires were obtained from 7 centers, in which, 427 outpatients (92.2%) followed the recommendation for colonoscopy screening, and 36 (7.8%) did not. Chi-square test results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, education, subjective cognition of intestinal polyps, personal history of colorectal polyps, family history of colorectal cancer, family history of colorectal polyps, abdominal pain or distension, and defecation habit or stool changes ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the screening compliance of patients aged 40-49 years ( P=0.005, OR=0.141, 95% CI: 0.036-0.549) and 50-59 years ( P=0.039, OR=0.257, 95% CI: 0.071-0.932) was lower than that of patients aged 60-74 years. The screening compliance of patients with high school education ( P=0.011, OR=3.121, 95% CI: 1.304-7.473) and college education or above ( P=0.016, OR=3.544, 95% CI: 1.270-9.890) was higher than those with primary school education and below. Patients with personal history of colorectal polyps ( P=0.015, OR=12.288, 95% CI: 1.629-92.719), family history of colorectal cancer ( P=0.038, OR=8.506, 95% CI: 1.124-64.351) and changes in defecation habit or stool trait ( P=0.039, OR=4.794, 95% CI: 1.085-21.192) also had higher compliance. Conclusion:Age, educational level, personal history of colorectal polyps, and family history of colorectal cancer are related to colonoscopy screening compliance in outpatients of 7 tertiary hospitals in 7 regions of Xinjiang. The independent risk factors affecting compliance to colorectal cancer screening in outpatients are age of 40-59 years, lower educational level, no previous history of polyps or family history of colorectal cancer, and no defecation habit or stool changes.