Dental educations in China and USA have different histories and systems even if they are similar in some respects.In this paper,by taking school of dental medicine in Harvard university as an example,dental educations in China and USA were compared with each other concerning the enrollment requirement,school system,course arrangement,teaching methods,clinical practice,elc.Based on the comparison,advices on how to improve and reform our dental education system were provided by learning from the advantages of dental education in USA.

Animals ; Dementia, Vascular ; blood ; psychology ; Erythrocyte Count ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

[Objective] To explore the effects of mycocide and insecticide on indoor air quality in archives.[Methocls] The levels of camphor, formaldehyde and 2, 2-dichlorovinyldimethyl phosphate (DDVP) in indoor airwere determined in 17 archives. [Results] The average concentration of camphor in indoor air was 1.00mg/L inarchives applying synthetic camphor, 0.74 mg/m3 in archives applying commercialized mycocide (the main compo-nents were synthetic camphor and pyrethrin ), and 0.14 mg/m3, applying natural camphor. The concentrations offormaldehyde reached 0.297 mg/m3 at the 10th day after the co-fumigation by formaldehyde and DDVP. At thesametime, DDVP was not found in indoor air of archives.[Conclusion]The pollution of formaldehyde and camphorin indoor air of archives should be paid more attention to.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Osteitis ; pathology ; therapy ; Sacroiliac Joint ; pathology ; Sclerosis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Animals ; Ear Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Nerve Block ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; genetics ; metabolism

Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Inferior Colliculi ; metabolism ; N-Methylaspartate ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; genetics ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Benzene ; toxicity ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contamination in the water sources of city drinking water in Heilongjiang Province. Methods Fifteen water samples were collected from 6 water sources in May to June in 2006. The method in EPA524.2 of the United States was referred and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine VOCs. Results The precision and accuracy of this method could meet the determination. The rates of recovery were 63%-118%, RSD was ≤26%. Five kinds of VOCs in the water samples were detected, they were 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, toluene, styrene and isopropylbenzene. Conclusion The investigation shows that the volatile organic compounds are detected in the water sources of city drinking water in Heilongjiang Province.

Objective To establish a laboratorial test method of soaking the sample of hygienic protection beaded paint contacted with drinking water. Methods The samples of hygienic protection beaded paint were chosen to conduct the soak experiment, incontinuous soak of 4 times for 96 hours(exchange the soaking aqua every 24 hours), continuous soak of 4 times for 96 hours were conducted respectively, and then compared these experimental results with that which was obtained with the standard soak method(30 d,6 times) stipulated by The Examination Norm of Life Drinking Water (2001). Results The results of standard soak method(30 d,6 times)showed that chroma, smell, visible objects, volatility hydroxybenzene, arsenic, chromium, cademium, aluminium, lead, carbon tetrachloride, formaldehyde and etc. were all under the determination limit. Along with the increment of days of soak, the mean values of changed quantity of turbid degree, deliquescent total solid, pH value, mercury,and chlorpicrin concentration all showed a downtrend. When the incontinuous and the continuous soak of 4 times for 96 hours were finished, the results showed that chroma, smell, visible objects, volatility hydroxybenzene, arsenic, chromium, cademium, aluminium, lead, carbon tetrachloride, formaldehyde, and etc. were all under the detection limit. Along with the increment of days of soak,the mean values of changed quantity of turbid degree, deliquescent total solid, pH value, mercury, and chlorpicrin concentration all presented an decreasing trend, oxygen consuming content, pH value presented a fluctuant trend. The 4 times and 96 hours incontinuous soak procedure dissolved slightly more objects than the 4 times and 96 hours continuous soak procedure did. Conclusion The method of 4 times and 96 hours incontinuous soak should be recommended as the standard laboratorial method for soaking the hygienic protection beaded paint which will be contacted with drinking water.

Objective To investigate the position and distribution of the neurovascular bundle at the lateral border of the prostate in adult male. Methods The neurovascular bundle at the lateral border of the prostate was observed on the remaining 25 sides of the medially dissected 18 male formalin-preserved cadavers with an operative microscope.The neurovascular bundle at the lateral border of the prostate of an adult male cadaver was explored with hematoxylin and eosin staining and nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry staining. Results The neurovascular bundle,which stemed from the pelvic plexus,together with the corresponding vessels were formed and divided into 2 branches to pass the lateral border of the prostate.One of them traveled between the posterolateral prostate and anterolateral rectum.The other traveled between the bladder neck and the prostate to reach the lateral border of the puboprostatic ligament.After 2 nerve branches of the neurovascular bundles pierced the urogenital diaphragm, they met together to form a nerve bundle again.Two bundles and the urogenital diaphragm formed a triangle area at the lateral border of the prostate.There was no nerve and vessel in this triangle area.The nerve branches at the lateral border of the prostate contained nerve cell bodies and fibers that stained positive for nitric oxide synthase. Conclusions There are 2 neurovascular bundles at the lateral border of the prostate.One of them travels between the posterolateral prostate and anterolateral rectum.The other travels between the bladder neck and the prostate to reach the lateral border of the puboprostatic ligament.They contain nerve ganglia that stain positive for nitric oxide synthase.