BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate programmed death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score in predicting the safety and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy in treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world setting. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter, observational study enrolled adult patients who received PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy in China and met the following criteria: (1) had pathologically confirmed, unresectable stage III-IV NSCLC; (2) had a baseline PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS); and (3) had confirmed efficacy evaluation results after PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression were used to assess the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 409 patients, 65.0% ( n = 266) with a positive PD-L1 TPS (≥1%) and 32.8% ( n = 134) with PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, were included in this study. Cox regression confirmed that patients with a PD-L1 TPS ≥1% had significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.747, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.573-0.975, P = 0.032). A total of 160 (39.1%) patients experienced 206 irAEs, and 27 (6.6%) patients experienced 31 grade 3-5 irAEs. The organs most frequently associated with irAEs were the skin (52/409, 12.7%), thyroid (40/409, 9.8%), and lung (34/409, 8.3%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a PD-L1 TPS ≥1% (odds ratio [OR] 1.713, 95% CI 1.054-2.784, P = 0.030) was an independent risk factor for irAEs. Other risk factors for irAEs included pretreatment absolute lymphocyte count >2.5 × 10 9 /L (OR 3.772, 95% CI 1.377-10.329, P = 0.010) and pretreatment absolute eosinophil count >0.2 × 10 9 /L (OR 2.006, 95% CI 1.219-3.302, P = 0.006). Moreover, patients who developed irAEs demonstrated improved PFS (13.7 months vs. 8.4 months, P <0.001) and OS (28.0 months vs. 18.0 months, P = 0.007) compared with patients without irAEs. CONCLUSIONS A positive PD-L1 TPS (≥1%) was associated with improved PFS and an increased risk of irAEs in a real-world setting. The onset of irAEs was associated with improved PFS and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving PD-1/PD-L1-based therapy.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism* ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Aged ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism* ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVES: To characterize fine particulate matter (PM _2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from different cooking fumes and their exposure routes and assess their health-associated impact to provide a reference for health risk prevention from PAH exposure across different age and sex groups. METHODS: Sixteen PM _2.5-bound PAHs emitted from 11 cooking styles were analyzed using GC-MS/MS. The health hazards of these PAHs in the Handan City population (stratified by age and sex) were predicted using the incremental lifetime cancer risk ( ILCR) model. The respiratory deposition doses ( RDDs) of the PAHs in children and adults were calculated using the PM _2.5 deposition rates in the upper airway, tracheobronchial, and alveolar regions. RESULTS: The total concentrations of PM _2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 61.10 to 403.80 ng/m ³. Regardless of cooking styles, the ILCR _total values for adults (1.23 × 10 ^-6 to 3.70 × 10 ^-6) and older adults (1.28 × 10 ^-6 to 3.88 × 10 ^-6) exceeded the acceptable limit of 1.00 × 10 ^-6. With increasing age, the ILCR _total value first declined and then increased, varying substantially among the population groups. Cancer risk exhibited particularly high sensitivity to short exposure to barbecue-derived PAHs under equivalent body weights. Furthermore, barbecue, Sichuan and Hunan cuisine, Chinese cuisine, and Chinese fast food were associated with higher RDDs for both adults and children. CONCLUSION ILCR _total values exceeded the acceptable limit for both females and males of adults, with all cooking styles showing a potentially high cancer risk. Our findings serve as an important reference for refining regulatory strategies related to catering emissions and mitigating health risks associated with cooking styles.
Humans ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis* ; Cooking/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Adult ; Child ; Middle Aged ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Adolescent ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis* ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Aged ; China ; Inhalation Exposure ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; Cities ; Infant

Pharmaceutical cocrystals is an advanced technology to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of drugs. However, there are few studies on the in vivo metabolism of pharmaceutical cocrystals. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of wogonin cocrystal in normal rats was further studied on the basis of the previous preparation of wogonin-aloperine cocrystal. Firstly, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for simultaneous determination of wogonin and its metabolite wogonoside in rat plasma, and to investigate the methodology. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of wogonin-aloperine cocrystal (Wog-Alop) in rats. The results showed that wogonin and its metabolite wogonoside had a good linear relationship in the range of 1-800 ng·mL^-1, and the precision, accuracy, matrix effect and stability in this range met the requirements of biological analysis. Compared with direct administration of wogonin, the C_max of wogonin and its metabolite in rats increased to 7.44-fold and 9.15-fold, AUC_0-t increased to 1.67-fold and 3.72-fold, and oral bioavailability of wogonin increased to 187.66% after cocrystal administration. Wog-Alop cocrystal can significantly improve the C_max, AUC, and oral bioavailability of wogonin and its metabolite, which provides a new perspective for the clinical application of wogonin. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Review Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: BUCM-2023032307-1148).

The study utilized spectral correlation analyses combined with bioactivity evaluation to examine the effective components of antidepressants in the Baihe Dihuang decoction. Firstly, the chemical fingerprints for different extraction parts in the Baihe Dihuang decoction were achieved using HPLC and UHPLC-MS technology. Then, in order to evaluate the antidepressant effect of Baihe Dihuang decoction, the animal experimental protocol has been reviewed and approved by Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (No. LLBH-202104270001), in compliance with the Institutional Animal Care Guidelines. We recorded the distance of autonomous movement of mice in open field experiment, the immobility time of tail suspension test, and the forced swimming. Additionally, we measured the content of neurotransmitters. Finally, Pearson analysis, grey correlation analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares regression analysis were utilized to establish the correlation between antidepressant efficacy indicators and fingerprinting. The spectrum-effect relationship results were confirmed through the in vitro activity verification. This study demonstrated that regaloside A, B, C, catalpol, and Isoacteoside might be the main antidepressant components in Baihe Dihuang decoction. Furthermore, it was found that using diverse mathematical models and bioactivity evaluation could enhance the accuracy of the spectral correlation analyses results.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of action of Wenweiyang decoction(WWYD)in treating func-tional dyspepsia in rats based on mast cell activation and stem cell factor(SCF)/receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit signaling pathway.METHODS:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,ranitidine hydrochloride capsule group,and low-,medium-and high-dose WWYD groups,with 10 rats in each group.The rat model of functional dyspepsia was established by tail clamping and irregular feeding compound senna method.After modeling,the rats in con-trol group and model group were given normal saline,while those in low-,medium-and high-dose(0.743 g/mL,1.485 g/mL and 2.970 g/mL)WWYD groups and ranitidine hydrochloride capsule(3 g/L)group were treated with corresponding drugs by intragastric administration.After treatment,the propulsion rate of the small intestine was measured by the carbon ink propulsion method.Rat duodenal mast cells were observed and counted by toluidine blue staining.ELISA was used for determination of mast cell tryptase(MCT)and histamine(HA)content in rat duodenum.The mRNA levels of SCF and c-Kit in duodenum were detected by RT-qPCR.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine the ex-pression levels of SCF and c-Kit in the duodenum.RESULTS:Compared with model group,WWYD treatment signifi-cantly increased the propulsion rate of the small intestine in rats(P<0.05).ELISA results showed that WWYD reduced the number of mast cells and the content of MCT and HA in the duodenal mucosa tissue of rats(P<0.05).Western blot and immunohistochemistry results suggested that WWYD up-regulated the protein expression levels of c-Kit and SCF in the duodenal tissue of rats(P<0.05),and increased the numbers of SCF and c-Kit positive cells.RT-qPCR results indicated that WWYD up-regulated the mRNA expression of c-Kit and SCF in the duodenum of rats(P<0.05).Moreover,the small intestinal propulsion rate was negatively correlated with MCT and HA content,and positively correlated with the expres-sion of SCF and c-Kit.CONCLUSION:Wenweiyang decoction promotes rat duodenal motility,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of rat duodenal MCT and HA production and activation of SCF/c-Kit signaling pathway.

Objective To plan microwave antenna puncture direction effectively and realize personalized preoperative simulation by exploring microwave ablation(MWV)outcomes of lung cancer based on real anatomical model.Methods Firstly,a personalized MWA simulation model consisting of the lung tissue,tumor and vascular system was constructed based on the lung CT data of real patients.Secondly,the MWA effect was simulated by coupling 2 physical fields including an electromagnetic field and a biological heat transfer field,so as to determine the volume of the ablation thermocoagulation zone and the temperature distribution of the lung tissue.Finally,the effects of the vascularized network on the ablation results were quantitatively evaluated in terms of conductivity and blood perfusion,and the ablation results were analyzed with different distances between the large vessels and the antennae(5 and 10 mm from the antennae tips)and puncture angles(large vessels parallelling or intersecting with the antennae tips).Results The vascularized network reduced the volume of the thermocoagulation zone by 0.5％to 3.7％,and blood perfusion made the ablation temperature and the volume of the thermocoagulation zone decreased significantly.The cooling effect gradually diminished with the increase of the distance between the large vessels and the antenna.With the same treatment parameters,the thermocoagulation zone formed when the large vessels paralleled with the antenna was obviously larger than that when the vessles intersected with the antenna.Conclusion Personalized MWA simulation analysis based on real CT data contributes to clarifying the temperature distribution and damage estimation close to the actual situation,which provides guidance and reference for precise treatment of the lung tumor and determination of microwave antenna puncture direction.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(9):27-34]

Objective To analyze risk factors and pathogenic characteristics of intestinal colonization of carbape-nem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)in patients from intensive care unit(ICU).Methods A total of 392 ICU pa-tients who underwent intestinal CRE screening in a tertiary hospital in Changzhou from March to December,2023 were divided into the colonization group(n=42)and the non-colonization group(n=350)according to the screening results.Clinical data of patients,including age,gender,underlying diseases,malignant tumors,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,infection before the last screening,antimicrobial use,and invasive procedures were collected for the analysis on risk factors and pathogenicity.Results Among 42 patients with positive CRE screening results,44 CRE strains were detected,mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae(65.91％),followed by Escherichia coli(15.91％)and En-terobacter cloacae(13.64％).The average time from admission in ICU to positive screening results of intestinal CRE in the colonization group was 14 days.Long term use of carbapenem antibiotics(OR=1.47,95％CI:1.31-1.65),mechanical ventilation(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.06-1.22),and Enterobacterales infection(OR=10.10,95％CI:3.28-32.09)were independent risk factors for intestinal CRE colonization.Patients who received carbap-enem antibiotics for ≥15 days(x2=167.52,P＜0.001)and those who received mechanical ventilation for ≥15 days(x2=101.03,P＜0.001)had higher risks for intestinal CRE colonization.Conclusion In clinical practice,it is necessary to improve pathogen detection,treat Enterobacterales infection timely,choose carbapenem antibiotics carefully,shorten treatment course,actively evaluate indications for mechanical ventilation,and wean off ventilator timely.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of posterior femoral composite tissue flap pedicled with inferior gluteal artery for repair of huge sacrococcygeal pressure injuries.Methods The clinical data of 11 patients with huge sacrococcygeal pressure injuries admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,with a mean wounds area of(205.3±15.3)cm2,and the depth of the wounds all reached the sacrococcygeal bone surface with partial sacrococcygeal necrosis.The inferior gluteal artery and its perforating branch were investigated with ultrasonic Doppler flow detector before operation,the posterior femoral composite tissue flap pedicled with inferior gluteal artery was designed according to the wound surface,and then the chronic sacrococcygeal wound was repaired.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,wound healing,postoperative skin flap survival and occurrence of complications were recorded.The skin flap color,temperature and two-point discernability were monitored to evaluate skin flap sensory sensitivity.The visual analog scale(VAS)was used to evaluate the satisfaction of appearance.Results The operation time of patients was(2.8±0.1)hours and the intraoperative blood loss was(235.4±10.2)mL.The posterior femoral composite tissue flap pedicled with inferior gluteal artery of all the 11 patients survived.The distal part of the flap was necrotic in 1 case,which healed well after local debridement and suturing by amplification;other wounds healed well in the first stage without complications such as infection,fat liquefaction or hematoma.The skin flap has good color,soft texture,and good elasticity,with good healing in the donor area.There were significant differences in the skin flap temperature,two-point discernability and VAS score of appearance satisfaction between 12 months after operation and other time points(P＜0.05).Conclusion The posterior femoral composite tissue flap pedicled with inferior gluteal artery has a constant blood supply,without damage to the main blood vessels.It can be transposed at anterograde or retrograde direction,with simple operation and less damage,which can reconstruct flap sense,and has significant clinical efficacy in repairing huge sacrococcygeal pressure injuries.

Investigate the biofilm-forming ability and drug resistance of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKP) to provide scientific basis for the treatment of HvKP-infection. A total of 96 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical infection specimens in Changsha Central Hospital from January to December in 2021 were retrospectively collected, and the clinical data of patients were collected. The string test preliminarily distinguished between HvKP and classic Klebsiella pneumoniae (CKP). The biofilm-forming ability of clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) was determined by microplate method. The Vitek 2 Compact automatic microbial identification/drug sensitivity analysis system was used for bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test. The clinical data of patients, biofilm forming ability and drug resistance in the HvKP group and those in the CKP group were compared and analyzed. The results showed that a total of 20 strains of HvKP were isolated from 96 non-repetitive KP, and the detection rate was 20.8%. HvKP mainly come from respiratory specimens, up to 75.0%.The prevalence of hepatobiliary diseases and the infection rate of multiple sites in patients with HvKP infection were higher than those in patients with CKP infection, and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=5.184,7.488;P=0.023,0.006).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, ICU admission, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, lung disease, urinary system disease, central nervous system disease and laboratory test indexes (all P>0.05).17 (85.0%) strains of HvKP can form biofilm, including 2 strains with weak biofilm-forming ability (10.0%), 10 strains with moderate biofilm-forming ability (50.0%) and 5 strains with strong biofilm-forming ability (25.0%). Among the 76 CKP, 71 (93.4%) could form biofilm, including 13 (17.1%) with weak biofilm-forming ability, 30(39.5%) with moderate biofilm-forming ability and 28 (36.8%) with strong biofilm-forming ability. There was no significant difference in biofilm-forming ability between HvKP and CKP (χ²=1.470,P=0.225).The overall resistance rate of HvKP was not high, but a multi-resistant HvKP resistant to carbapenems was found. The detection rate of multi-resistant HvKP (5.0%) was lower than that of multi-resistant CKP (28.9%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=4.984, P=0.026).The resistance rate of HvKP to piperacillin/tazobactam, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime, tobramycin, minocycline, doxycycline, and compound sulfamethoxazole was lower than that of CKP, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). In conclusion, most of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae can form biofilm in this study, but the difference of biofilm-forming ability is not obvious compared with classic Klebsiella pneumoniae. HvKP maintains high sensitivity to commonly used antibacterial drugs, but the drug resistance monitoring of the bacteria cannot be ignored.

Investigate the biofilm-forming ability and drug resistance of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKP) to provide scientific basis for the treatment of HvKP-infection. A total of 96 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical infection specimens in Changsha Central Hospital from January to December in 2021 were retrospectively collected, and the clinical data of patients were collected. The string test preliminarily distinguished between HvKP and classic Klebsiella pneumoniae (CKP). The biofilm-forming ability of clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) was determined by microplate method. The Vitek 2 Compact automatic microbial identification/drug sensitivity analysis system was used for bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test. The clinical data of patients, biofilm forming ability and drug resistance in the HvKP group and those in the CKP group were compared and analyzed. The results showed that a total of 20 strains of HvKP were isolated from 96 non-repetitive KP, and the detection rate was 20.8%. HvKP mainly come from respiratory specimens, up to 75.0%.The prevalence of hepatobiliary diseases and the infection rate of multiple sites in patients with HvKP infection were higher than those in patients with CKP infection, and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=5.184,7.488;P=0.023,0.006).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, ICU admission, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, lung disease, urinary system disease, central nervous system disease and laboratory test indexes (all P>0.05).17 (85.0%) strains of HvKP can form biofilm, including 2 strains with weak biofilm-forming ability (10.0%), 10 strains with moderate biofilm-forming ability (50.0%) and 5 strains with strong biofilm-forming ability (25.0%). Among the 76 CKP, 71 (93.4%) could form biofilm, including 13 (17.1%) with weak biofilm-forming ability, 30(39.5%) with moderate biofilm-forming ability and 28 (36.8%) with strong biofilm-forming ability. There was no significant difference in biofilm-forming ability between HvKP and CKP (χ²=1.470,P=0.225).The overall resistance rate of HvKP was not high, but a multi-resistant HvKP resistant to carbapenems was found. The detection rate of multi-resistant HvKP (5.0%) was lower than that of multi-resistant CKP (28.9%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=4.984, P=0.026).The resistance rate of HvKP to piperacillin/tazobactam, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime, tobramycin, minocycline, doxycycline, and compound sulfamethoxazole was lower than that of CKP, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). In conclusion, most of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae can form biofilm in this study, but the difference of biofilm-forming ability is not obvious compared with classic Klebsiella pneumoniae. HvKP maintains high sensitivity to commonly used antibacterial drugs, but the drug resistance monitoring of the bacteria cannot be ignored.