Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors.With the concealed characteristics and non-specific clinical expressions,its presence can be frequently missed,allowing progression to advanced stages where prognosis is poor.Therefore,early diagnosis is essential to improve the survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Recent developments in imaging technology and molecular biology are making strides in identifying and finding biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma,leading to earlier diagnosis.This article describes the latest developments,in combination with previous diagnostic methods to make a comprehensive examination of strategies for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To study the catalytic capability of glucosamirie-Cu( Ⅱ) complex for decomposition of H2O2 and its relative factors. Methods Glucosamine-Cu( Ⅱ ) complex was prepared by the reaction of D-glucosamine hydrochloride with Cu2+ in aqueous solution, then added it into H2O2 solution. The concentration of H2O2 was determined by titrimetric analysis in a regular interval of time, the rate of decomposition of H2O2 was obtained in various conditions. Results Strong catalytic capability of glucosamine-Cu( Ⅱ ) complex was obtained at 30℃ pH 6. 5, the rate of decomposition was over 90% after 12h, and was almost 100% after 24h. Conclusion The complex of glucosamine-Cu( Ⅱ ) showed good catalytic capability for decomposition of H2O2.

Research advances in pharmaceutical preparations of chitosan were reviewed in this paper, including peroral macromolecular drugs delivery system, pH-sensitive drug release system, targeting drug delivery system, nano-drug carriers, and so on.

Ear Protective Devices ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Mining ; Noise, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Petroleum ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To study the effects of low-temperature environment on the contents of serum protein, serum calcium and blood sugar in rabbits. Methods The rabbits were divided into three experiment groups, which were exposed to environment at 2, -4 and -6 ℃ respectively and one control group exposed to environment at room temperature of 16 ℃. After exposure for 30～60 min, the peripheral blood samples were collected from rabbits for determination of levels of blood sugar, serum protein and calcium. The anal temperatures and ECG of rabbits were also examined. Results The levels of blood sugar, serum protein and calcium of rabbits in experiment groups decreased with the decrease of environmental temperatures, and revealed significant differences compared with those of control group(P

AlM: To explore clinical efficacy of hyperosmotic glucose after cataract surgery.METHODS: Eighty eyes ( 80 cases ) with ll level and above grades corneal edema after small incision cataract operation were enrolled. They were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Control group used TobraDex eye drops and other conventional treatment and the treatment group received hyperosmotic glucose(500g/L) with the bases of the control group. The regression of corneal edema was observed by slit lamp microscope. SPSS 17. 0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: The level of corneal edema at the first day after surgery, age, sexuality and nuclear hardness in the treated group were compared with those in the control group, the differences were without significances ( P>0. 05). Disappearance time of corneal edema was 4. 95 ± 3. 62d of the treatment group, and was 6. 80±3. 33d of the control group, the treatment group was better than control group (t=8. 55, P=0. 00).CONCLUSlON: Hyperosmotic glucose has exact and obvious efficacy for early corneal edema after cataract surgery.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed at Beijing communities in men aged over 50 years. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire was used to evaluate the symptoms. Transabdominal ultrasonography was used to measure prostate size and the residual urine volume(RUV). Uroflowmetry was performed to record the maximum flow(Q_(max)). One-way ANOVA was used to analysis the differences. Results 1644 subjects were enrolled and the mean age was 64. 5 years (range 50 - 93 years). The mean IPSS, prostate weight andQ_(max) were 9. 9±8. 2, (30. 8± 19.4) and (14. 7 ± 7. 5)ml/s, respectively. They had correlation with age (r=0. 388,0. 262, - 0.371). The prevalence of moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) was 50. 8% (835/1644). Prostate volume was greater than 20 ml in 69. 7%(1146/1644) of the subjects.Q_(max) was less than 15 ml/s in 53. 8% (883/1642) of the subjects. Conclusions In men age over 50 years in Beijing, there is positive correlation between LUTS, prostate size and age, and negative correlation between Q_(max) and age. The prevalence of BPH, defined as IPSS greater than 7, maxium flow rate less than 15 ml/s and prostate size greater than 20 ml, is 26. 8%(441/1644).

Purpose To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of giant cell angioblastoma ( GCAB) presenting primarily in the bone. The differential diagnosis is discussed. Methods The clinical, radiological and histopathological profiles in three cases of bony GCAB were reviewed. Results The tumor occurred in two adult females and one boy. The lesion involved the second vertebrae, left distal femur and 3rd to 5th left metacarpal bones in one case each. Clinically, all three patients presented with bone pain. Two patients were accompanied with restricted mobility. Radiological examination showed bone destruction with involvement of adjacent soft tissue in two cases. Histologically, the tumor was composed of irregular angiomatoid nodules which showed striking plexiform architecture. On high power, the nodules were composed of small vessels surrounded by proliferative oval-to-spindled pericytes which showed concentric aggregation around the vascular channels. The hallmark of the lesion was the presence of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells scat-tered within the nodules. By immunohistochemistry, the endothelial cells were positive for CD31 and CD34, whereas the surrounding pericytes were positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and vimentin. CD68 staining highlighted the osteoclast-like giant cells. Conclu-sions GCAB is a distinctive vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy characterize by local aggressiveness. On rare occasions, GCAB may occur in adult patients and manifest as primary bone lesions. Awareness of its characteristic features will help in the distinction from a variety of disease including granulomatous lesions, plexiform fibrous histiocytoma, tufted hemangioma and Kaposiform heman-gioendothelioma.

Objective To study the expression of prepro-orexin mRNA in circadian rhythms and sleep-deprived rats.Methods Sleep was deprived with “rotation cylinder” in rats. RT-PCR was used to determine the change of prepro-orexin mRNA expression in cortex and hypothalamus of circadian rhythms and sleep-deprived rats.Results There was a significant changes of prepro-orexin mRNA expression with circadian rhythms in hypothalamus of rats. But there was no significant change in cortex. More prepro-orexin mRNA expression was found in hypothalamus than in cortex of rats. The expression of prepro-orexin mRNA in hypothalamus and in cortex of rats was not effected by short times of sleep deprivation. However the expression was raised by a 8-hour sleep deprivation.Conclusions There should be a close relationship between orexin and sleep. The control of sleep may be dependent on regulation of orexin in hypothalamus.

[Objective]To determine the biological effects of transfection of adeno-associated rirus(AAV) BMP4/7 on rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).[Method]The mature peptide of BMP4 and BMP7 were gained by One-Step RT-PCR from the human placenta and the BMP4/7 fusion gene was gained through gene recombinant techniques and then transferred to pGEM plasmid. The BMP4/7 fusion genen was cut down from the pGEM-BMP4/7 and the recombination was successfully completed in colibacillus, and recombinant adeno-assosiated was produced in 293 cells. Rabbit BMSCs were transfected with the recombinant adeno-assosiated virus vectors carrying BMP4/7 fusion gene with differen multiplicitv of infection(MOI) values. Cell growth curves were drawn to evaluate the biologic effect of AAV-BMP4/7 on cyto-activity. The transfection efficiency was measured using MTT method. The ossification of cells was evaluated by investigating the shape change of the cell ability of ALP and OC at 7,14 days after transfection. Cells were then transfected with AAV-BMP4/7 and AAV-EGFP,respectively.[Result]1.We successfully constructed the recombinant adeno-assosiated virus with BMP4/7 fusion gene.2.The ttransfection efficiency of AAV-BMP4/7 was roughly 72% without siginifficant biologic effect on cyto-activity.The ossification of cells was significant after transfection with AAV-BMP4/7. The 1?105 vg/cell MOI value of transfection efficiency was stroger than 5~104 vg/cell MOI value (59.3,8%). 3. The concentrations of ALP and OC in AAV-BMP4/7 transfection groups were significantbly higher than in AAV-EGFP groups (tALP=896.88 P