Objective To investigate the feasibility of tension-free inguinal hernia repair whether use of antibiotics prophylaxis.Methods A total of 204 cases of adult inguinal hernia were selected and they were divided into treatment group(51 cases)and control group(153 cases)under a hospital order by 1 ∶ 3 randomly.The patients in treatment group were treated by first-generation cephalosporin antibiotics once preoperatively,while the patients in control group received no antibiotics treatment.The incidence of early postoperative infection between two groups was compared.Results Among of 204 cases,5 cases developed surgical site infection,1 case from treatment group,infection rate was 2.0％ (1/51),while 4 cases from control group,infection rate was 2.6％(4/153).There was no significant difference in the infection rate between two groups(x2 =0.000,P =1.000).No significant difference was found in the results of complete white blood cell count,neutrophilic granulocyte ratio,hospital stays and hospital expenses between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There is no real need to apply regular antibiotics prophylaxis treatment for adult tension-free inguinal hernia repair without high risk factors.

Clinical features and thyroid-stimulating antibody(TSAb)in 32 newly diagnosed patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy(GO)were compared with those in 27 Graves' disease(GD)patients without GO(as control group).All of the patients with GO received intravenous glucocorticoids.The level of serum TSAb in patients with GO was significantly higher than that in patients without GO.TSAb was also associated with the prognosis.It suggests that TSAb seems to be the most active component among the TSH receptor antibodies related to ophthalmopathy and may act as a predictive parameter.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of bone turnover markers bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and N-MID osteocalcin (N-MID) in monitoring of osteoporosis treatment with recombined parathyroid hormone 1-34 (rhPTH1-34).

METHODSThe bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine L2-L4 and the proximal femur were examined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and 6 and 12 months after rhPTH 1-34 treatment. Meanwhile, serum levels of BALP and N-MID were detected by electro-chemiluminescence assay.

RESULTSSix months after rhPTH 1-34 treatment, the BMD of proximal femur remained unchanged, and the BMD of the lumbar L2-L4 spine increased from 0.753 g/cm(2) to 0.781 g/cm(2) (P<0.05); while serum levels of N-MID increased from 15.46 ng/ml to 27.07 ng/ml(P<0.01), BALP from 14.05 μg/ml to 24.31 μg/ml(P<0.01). Twelve months after drug administration, no significant changes were observed in BMD of proximal femur, and the BMD of the lumbar spine L2-L4 increased from 0.753 g/cm(2) to 0.807 g/cm(2)(P<0.01) while serum levels of N-MID and BALP increased from 15.46 ng/ml and 14.05μg/ml to 49.38 ng/ml and 33.99 μg/ml, respectively (both P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSerum levels of BALP and N-MID are more sensitive than BMD. Combination of two methods may provide better indicators for monitoring of osteoporosis treatment.

Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Bone Density ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Parathyroid Hormone ; therapeutic use ; Radiography ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

Eleven type 1 diabetic patients who received fixed regime of insulin Glargine were included in the study.The levels of fasting serum insulin were measured for each subject at 6:00 in three consecutive mornings.The variability of mean fasting serum insulin in each subject was 3.3%-41.5% (mean 15.4%).The variability did not correlate with the dose of Glargine statistically.

BACKGROUNDNF-kappaB p65 was shown to inhibit transcription of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis in the liver. To understand the mechanism of action of NF-kappaB p65, we investigated the nuclear receptor corepressor in the regulation of PEPCK transcription.

METHODSRat H4IIE cells, human hepatoma HepG2 cells and human embryo kidney (HEK) 293 cells were used in this study. The transcriptional activity of a rat PEPCK gene promoter (-490/+100) was analyzed in HepG2 cells, a HepG2 super suppressor IkBalpha (ssIkBalpha) stable cell line, and HEK 293 cells. The effects of p65 and ssIkBalpha on a rat PEPCK gene promoter were observed using the PEPCK luciferase reporter system. The interaction of the cAMP-response- element-binding (CREB) protein, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and silencing mediator for retinoic and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) with the PEPCK gene promoter were investigated using the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. p65 cotransfection and RNAi-mediated gene knockdown were used to determine the corepressor involved in the inhibition of PEPCK by NF-kappaB p65 and the transcriptional regulation of CREB by NF-kappaB p65.

RESULTSNF-kappaB p65 inhibited PEPCK expression and the inhibition was blocked by ssIkBalpha. The inhibitory effect of p65 was completely blocked in a HepG2 stable cell line in which ssIkBalpha was expressed. HDAC3 or SMRT knockdown led to a significant up-regulation of PEPCK reporter activity in the presence of p65 cotransfection. In the ChIP assay the interaction of HDAC3 and SMRT with the PEPCK gene promoter was induced by p65 activation, but the CREB signal was reduced. Transcriptional activity of CREB was inhibited by NF-kappaB p65 cotransfection. The inhibitory effect of NF-kappaB p65 was blocked by HDAC3 RNAi or SMRT RNAi.

CONCLUSIONSThe study showed that the inhibition of PEPCK by NF-kappaB p65 was dependent on HDAC3 and SMRT, which form a nuclear corepressor complex for transcriptional inhibition. The transcription factors NF-kappaB p65 and CREB share the same corepressor HDAC3-SMRT, and the corepressor exchange leads to inhibition of PEPCK gene transcription by NF-kappaB p65.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Histone Deacetylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP) ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Protein Binding ; genetics ; physiology ; Rats ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Complications ; complications ; epidemiology ; Diabetic Foot ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-metastatic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 extracellular domain gene-modified dendritic cell (DC-sVEGFR-2) vaccination.

METHODSDendritic cells (DC) were electroporated with pcDNA3. 1/sVEGFR-2 plasmid DNA. Expression of sVEGFR-2 was determined by ELISA. For immunization, C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected three times with 1 x 10(5) cells per mouse of DC, pcDNA3. 1-transfected DC (DC-vector) , DC-sVEGFR-2, or 100 microl of PBS at 7-day intervals. At 10 days after the last immunization, the immunized mice were subjected to assessment of cytotoxic T lymphocyte ( CTL) response to VEGFR-2, alginate bead analysis of tumor cell-induced angiogenesis, and observation of the anti-metastatic effect in B16 melanoma metastasis model. CTL activity was determined by a standard 4-h 51Cr release assay against VEGFR-2 + vascular endothelial cell line H5V, 3LL cells stably transfected with pcDNA3. 1/sVEGFR-2 (3LL,-sVEGFR-2), and VEGFR-2- cell lines EL-4 and 3LL. Monoclonal antibodies GK1.5 anti-CD4 and 2.43 anti-CD8 were used to deplete in vivo CD4 + T cells and CD8' T cells, respectively.

RESULTSDC-sVEGFR-2 could effectively express sVEGFR-2, whereas DC-vector and DC could not. Immunization of mice with DC-sVEGFR-2 significantly induce CTL activity against VEGFR-2 + cell lines H5V and 3LL-sVEGFR-2, however, no significant CTL activity was observed when VEGFR-2- syngeneic cell lines EL-4 and 3LL. were used as target cells, implying this CTL activity was VEGFR-2 specific. Alginate bead analysis of in vivo neoangiogenesis showed that the inhibition reached 50% in mice vaccinated with DC-sVEGFR-2 compared with mice vaccinated with DC, DC-vector or PBS. Anti-metastatic experiment showed that profound reduction in pulmonary metastases was found in mice immunized with DC-sVEGFR-2, while mice immunized with PBS, DC, DC-vector developed extensive pulmonary metastases. The number of tumor nodules on lung surface decreased by 81.9% in mice immunized with DC-sVEGFR-2 when compared with mice immunized with DC-vector (49.7+/-12.7 vs. 9.0+/-3.2). In vivo T cell subset depletion experiments showed that the anti-metastatic effect of DC-sVEGFR-2 vaccination was abrogated in CD8 + T cell-depleted but not in CD4+ T cell-depleted mice.

CONCLUSIONImmunization of mice with DC-sVEGFR-2 could break self-tolerance and induce a significant CTL response to VEGFR-2, leading to profound inhibition of tumor-cell induced angiogenesis and metastasis. This anti-metastatic effect is mainly mediated by CD8+ T cells.

Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ; blood supply ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Electroporation ; Female ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; immunology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the content of 7 anthraquinones in Semen Cassiae.

METHODA HPLC method was developed, with Inertsil ODS-3 column, acetonitrile and 0.1% H3PO4 solution as mobile phases in gradient elution. The detection wavelength wasset at 278 nm, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL x min(-1).

RESULTRecoveries of all 7 anthraquinones were between 95%-105%. The content of the anthraquinones in crude drug produced in different habitation were different.

CONCLUSIONThe method is convenient and accurate, which provides the foundation for the research of Semen Cassiae.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Cassia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; isolation & purification

Twelve cases of Bartter's syndrome were reported and reviewed retrospectively.Usually vomiting was the first sympton in children,while fatigue was common in adults.Bartter's syndrome was characteristic of hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis,elevations of plasma renin activity,serum angiotersinⅡand aldosterone and juxtaglomerular apperatus hyperplasia.Supplementation of potassium choloride was the main manner of therapy.

BACKGROUNDEarly intensive insulin therapies in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients may improve beta-cell function and yield prolonged glycemic remissions. This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between the glycemic remission and beta-cell function and assess the variables predictive of long-term near-normoglycemic remission.

METHODSEighty-four newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were treated with 2-week continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and followed up longitudinally. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed, and blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin were measured at baseline, after CSII and at 2-year visit. The patients who maintained glycemic control for two years were defined as the remission group and those who relapsed before the 2-year visit were the non-remission group.

RESULTSThe duration to be diagnosed of the patients (from the time that patients began to have diabetic symptoms until diagnosis) in the remission group was shorter than that in the non-remission group (1.00 month vs 4.38 months, P = 0.040). The increase of the acute insulin response (AIR) was maintained after 2 years in the remission group compared with AIR measured immediately after intervention (413.05 pmol*L(-1)*min(-1) vs 408.99 pmol*L(-1)*min(-1), P = 0.820). While AIR in the non-remission group significantly declined (74.71 pmol*L(-1)*min(-1) vs 335.64 pmol*L(-1)*min(-1), P = 0.030). Cox model showed that a shorter duration to be diagnosed positively affected the duration of near-nomoglycemic remission with an odds ratio (OR) 1.019, P = 0.038, while fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and post-breakfast plasma glucose (PPG) after CSII were the risk factors (OR 1.397, P = 0.024 and OR 1.187, P = 0.035, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThe near-normoglycemic remission is closely associated with long-term maintenance of beta-cell function and occurs more commonly in patients with shorter duration to be diagnosed and better glycemic control during CSII.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; pathology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Insulin ; therapeutic use ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult