Objective: To study the effect of ischemic preconditioning on heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and the learning,memory functions after forebrain ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils. Methods: Gerbils (n=100) were evenly randomized into four groups: Sham group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, ischemia preconditioning (IP) group, and Cycloheximide + IP group (Cycloheximide was administered 30 min before IP). Transient forebrain ischemia-reperfusion model was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion according to the method described previously, and ischemia preconditioning model was established as described by Kitagawa. Changes of neuron morphous in hippocampus CA1 region were observed by H-E staining 1, 2, and 3 days after reperfusion. The expression of HSP70 was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assay. Neuron apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The learning/memory functions of gerbils were examined using 4-PTT dry path maze 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after reperfusion. Results: Compared with Sham group, I/R group had significantly decreased survival neurons(P<0. 05), increased neuron apoptosis(P<0. 05), increased expression of HSP70 (P<0. 05), and decreased learning/memory functions(P<0. 05). Compared with I/R group, IP group had significantly increased survival neurons(P<0. 05), decreased neuron apoptosis (P<0. 05), and increased expression of HSP70 (P<0. 05), and improved learning/memory functions (P < 0. 05). However, cycloheximide almost totally abolished the effect of ischemia preconditioning, with the neuron morphology, density, apoptosis, HSP70 expression, and learning/memory functions similar to those of I/R group. Conclusion: Ischemic preconditioning can protect against cerebral ischemia injury and improve the learning/ memory functions after forebrain ischemia-reperfusion damage, which is possibly through promoting HSP70 expression and starting endogenous neuroprotective mechanism, subsequently reinforcing the protective effect against ischemia.

Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fasciitis ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; pathology ; Fibrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Forearm ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Myxosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin ; metabolism

Based on M9 culture medium,the concentration of ingredients of culture medium was optimized for the fermentation of pNSR32/BL21(DE3),the engineering bacterial with spider silk protein,and lactose as an inducer.The condition of optimum culture medium was obtained for the expression of the high molecular weight recombinant spider silk protein by using orthogonal and individual factor experimental design.The result was showed that the optimum culture medium was consisted of 0.3% glycerol,3% yeast,0.75% tryptone,0.05%(NH_4)_2SO_4 and a little inorganic salt_.It was confirmed that the optimum culture medium will benefit the growth of bacterial and expression of recombinant spider silk protein.The production level of propose protein will attain at 20% of the total proteins in the fermentation.

A combination vaccine which consists of ≥2 immunogens is intended to provide protection against two or more diseases or against multiple serotypes of a single disease. The use of combination vaccines decrease the number of vaccine injections in the regular immunization schedules. However,the development of combination vaccines is more complicated than monovalent vaccines,preservatives and adjuvants used with one component may alter the potency of other components. Physical,chemical,and biological interactions between the components of combination vaccines must be considered to avoid detrimental effects on safety or efficacy. Therefore combination vaccines present unique challenges for product evaluation. This paper presents a review of research application status,the evaluation of effectiveness and safety,as well as development prospects on combination vaccines.

The academic connotation of "pathogenic factors" is discussed in this article from three aspects of etiology,diagnosis and treatment.It is considered that endogenous or exogenous pathogenic factors oppose to and destruct healthy energy.TCM pathogenic factors,obtained from "examining syndromes for causes of diseases",are diverged from physical,chemical and biological those in modern medicine.What is meant by "therapy of expelling pathogenic factors" is not a single method of dispelling toxin and killing germs,but the resort of regulating the integrated abilities of the human body fighting against pathogenic factors.

Objective To review the clinical characteristics of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) patients with special pulmonary complications.Methods Medical records of 506 AOSD inpatients,who were admitted in Peking Union Medical Hospital from October 1997 through March 2015,were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical features,biochemical parameters,radiology,pulmonary function tests,ultrasound,treatments and prognosis of AOSD patients with special pulmonary complications were analyzed.Results The incidence of special pulmonary complications in AOSD inpatients was 2.2％ (11/ 506),including 3 cases of interstitial lung disease and 8 cases of pulmonary artery hypertension.All 11 patients had common manifestations of AOSD,including fever (11/11),arthralgia/arthritis (11/11),rash (9/11),lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly (8/11),serositis (10/11),abnormal liver function (9/ 11),neutrophilia (11/11),and hyperferritinemia (11/11).The patients with interstitial lung disease had no or mild symptom,and were diagnosed by HRCT and pulmonary function test.The patients with pulmonary artery hypertension had various symptoms including dyspnea of exertion (8/8),cough (4/8),chest suppression (2/8),and chest pain (2/8).Four patients died from severe infection,including 3 cases of pulmonary artery hypertension and 1 case of interstitial lung disease.Conclusions Interstitial lung disease and pulmonary artery hypertension are life-threatening complications of AOSD patients.Earlier recognition and prompt treatment should be made to improve patient outcomes.

Objective To analyze the training and evaluation standards on urine analyzers in the grass-roots medical unit.Methods The applicability,requirements,subject setup and items of the standards as well as the requirements of evaluation scoring chart were expounded in detail,and the related elementary knowledge was analyzed including the structure,working principle,installation and adjustment,operation,application,maintenance and etc of the analyzer.Combined personnel with the equipment was suggested to ensure the accuracy and high efficiency of the test result.Results The interpretation of the standards contributed to enhancing the quality of medical equipment training and the ability of practical support,and facilitated the examiner to perform annual evaluation with the scoring chart.Conclusion It is necessary to grasp accurately the connotation of the standards,to improve the quality of medical equipment training and to enhance combat support capability for the grass-roots medical unit and examiner.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated endoscopic sclerotherapy injection(ESI) and endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) in eradication of esophageal varices among patients who survive an episode of first variceal hemorrhage with a high risk of rehaemorrhagia and death. Methods The correlated literatures were identified from Medline,Embsae,the Library Cochrance,PubMed and CNKI.RevMan 4.2 Software provided by the Library Cochrance was used for data analysis. Results A total of 4 randomized controlled trials were included.It was demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the esophageal varices eradication rate between repeated ESI and EVL(OR=0.75,95%CI: 0.48-1.15;P=0.19).However,the rehaemorrhagia rate of EVL after emergency hemostasis was significantly lower than that of ESI(OR=2.19,95%CI:1.44-3.31;P=0.000 2).Meanwhile,there was no significant difference in mortality between ESI and EVL(OR=1.34,95%CI:0.82-2.17;P=0.24).Little publication bias was found with funnel plot analysis. Conclusion EVL outperforms ESL in prevention of rehaemorrhagia in treatment of esophageal varices,while does no better than ESL in eradication of esophageal varices and mortality.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV) is a common disease of the retina,the disease is more found in colored race.In China,the mainly nosogenic population is the female about 60 years old.The pathogenesis of PCV is unknown and there is no specific medicine at present.The funduscopic present is orangered lesions,bleed and exudation.Indocyanine green angiography(ICGA) could make a definite diagnosis of PCV.In recent,the main treatment of PCV includes photodynamic therapy,intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy,surgery for treatment of complications and combined therapy.We review the treatment and diagnosis of PCV,and propose the further research direction.

Objective To analyze tissue-specific expression and polymorphic regulation of the UDP - glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A gene in human tissue. Methods Forty colorectal cancer tissue. 20 normal colorectal tissue and 10 normal liver tissue were studied. UGT 1A transcriptions were investigated by exon-1 specific RT-PCR. UGT 1A proteins were studied using Western blotting analysis. Meanwhile catalytic activity of microsomes was evaluated using N-hydroxy-PhiP. Results (1) UGT 1A mRNA expressions were found to be significantly down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissue as compared with the surrounding normal tissues(P