Background Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an important way for after cataract.Usually the patient will use glucocorticoid eye drops to treat the anterior chamber inflammation after operation,but there is potential risk of elevating intraocular pressure (IOP).Objective This study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and safety of loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension,tobramycin+ dexamethasone eye drops and fluorometholone eye drops following Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.Methods A randomized-controlled clinical trail was performed.One hundrcd and seventy-onc cycs of 127 paticnts who received Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy for after cataract were randomly divided into four groups.Loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension,fluorometholone eye drops,tobramycin+dexamethasone eye drops and systane eye drops was topically administered respectively in the four groups after laser posterior capsulotomy and 6 times per day for 5 days.IOP was measured with Goldmann tomometer 1 hour before operation and 1 hour,1 day,3 days and 7 days after operation.The ocular anterior segment inflammatory response was examined under the slit lamp and scored based on the Peizeng criteria.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any relevant medical procedure.Results The IOP was (18.2 ±4.7),(20.1 ±5.7),(18.7±5.5),(19.0 ±4.1),(19.5 ±3.5) mmHg in various time points in the loteprednol etabonate group; (18.7 ±5.3),(20.9±5.7),(21.3±4.5),(21.0±4.9),(22.5±6.5) mmHg in the fluorometholone eye drops group ; (17.9± 6.3),(20.3 ± 6.1),(23.0 ± 3.7),(24.7 ± 4.9),(24.5 ± 6.5) mmHg in the tobramycin +dexamethasone group and(18.4±6.3),(20.7±3.7),(22.7±6.5),(19.6±4.8),(18.5±3.5) mmHg in the systane group,showing a significant difference among the 4 groups (Fgroup =3.876,P =0.023).With the time lapse,the IOP was gradually reduced in the loteprednol etabonate group and systane group,but that in the fluorometholone group and tobramycin+dexamethasone group was elevated,showing a significant difference among them (Ftime =3.801,P =0.031).No any ocular and systemic adverse effect was found in various groups.The percentage of grade 1 and 2 of aqueous inflammatory cells was lower in the loteprednol etabonate group and tobramycin+dexamethasone group than the fluorometholone group and fluorometholone group and systane group(H =8.276,P =0.012).The percentage of Ⅰgrade of aqueous flare was 8％ in the loteprednol etabonate group,22％ in the fluorometholone group,18％ in the tobramycin+dexamethasone group and 30％ in the systane group,with a significant difference among them (H=9.305,P=0.000).Conclusions The use of corticosteroid eye drops can relieve the inflammatory response of ocular anterior chamber after Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.Loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension has a better anti-inflammatory effect and less influence on IOP.

Objective To investigate the application value of early evaluation and monitoring of 125Ⅰ interstitial implantation in a pancreatic cancer xeuograft.Methods Xenograft models were created by subcutaneous injection of Sw 1990 human pancreatic cancer cell suspensions into the right hind limbs of the immunodeficient BABL/c nude mice.The tumors size were about 8-10 mm after two weeks.The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,including control group (n = 4) ,empty seed implantation group (n = 4)and 125Ⅰ implantation group (n = 4).Before treatment and one week after treatment,18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT scan was performed and then maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax),mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean),tumor size and necrosis rate were measured.HE staining and TK1 immunohistochemistry examination were carried out in the paraffin-embedded sample.Results Before treatment the SUVmax and SUVmean values of three groups did not reach statistical significance.One week after treatment the SUVmax and SUV values of three groups were 3.53 + 1.20 and 0.57±0.26 vs.3.83±2.13 and0.59 ±0.24vs.0.29±0.23 and0.016±0.001,respectively,with a significant difference (F =7.62,P =0.01 ; F = 10.34,P =0.005).The SUVmax and SUVmean values of 125Ⅰ implant group were significantly lower than empty seed implant group and control group and were significantly lower than before treatment.Before treatment,tumor necrosis rate of three groups were not significantly different.Immunohistochemical staining found the TK1 positive staining index of three groups were respectively (64.25±1.71) % ,(62.25±2.22) % and (38.25±1.71) % with statistically significant difference (F =233.67,P < 0.001).The TK1 positive staining index of 125Ⅰ implant group was significantly lower than empty seed implant group and control group.The SUVmax values had some positive correlation with TK1 positive staining index (r = 0.85,P = 0.001).Conclusions 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT may be useful as a noninvasive imaging modality to assess early response to 125Ⅰ seed brachytherapy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft.

Objective To evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of CT-guided percutaneous radioactive 125I seeds implantation in treatment of spinal metastatic tumors.Methods Totally 20 cases (23 lesions) of spinal metastatic tumors with spinal compression and severe back pain were treated by CT-guided percutaneous 125I seeds implantation.Intractable pain and nerve function before and after therapy were evaluated.And the postoperative cumulative local tumors control rates and cumulative survival rates were calculated.Results The median follow-up period was 14 months (range 7-32months).There was no patient lost follow-up.And no severe complication occurred.Intractable pain significantly relieved one month after therapy.The neural retention rate of 12 patients with nerve function impairment was 85.00％ (17/20) and the neural function recovery rate was 30.00％ (6/20) three months after 125 I seeds'implantation.The local tumors control rates in 3-,6-,and 12-month were 100％,100％ and 90％,respectively.The survival rates in 6-and 12-month was 100％and 78.81％,respectively.Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous radioactive 125I seeds implantation for spinal metastatic tumors is safe and feasible.It can relief pain and improve neural function effectively.

Objective to explore the safety and clinical efficacy of CT-guided radioactive seed implantation in treating recurrent rectum carcinoma. Methods CT-guided ~(125)I radioactive seed implantation was carried out in 20 patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma. Treatment planning system was used preoperatively to reconstruct three dimensional image of the tumor and to calculate the estimated seed number and distribution. The tumor matched peripheral dose (MPD) of the radioactive seeds was 80-130 Gy. The radioactivity of the seeds was 0.5-0.8 mCi/seed and the median implanted seeds was 48 (range 25-95) in number. CT scan was made immediately after the implantation to check the quality of the seeds. Change of pain score, tumor size and complications were recorded during the follow-up period. Results Twenty cases composed of 12 males and 8 females, aged 38 to 78 years (median age of 62 years). The follow-up period lasted 2-28 months. On an average, 3 to 7 days after the procedure patients experienced significant pain relief. CT scan performed 2 months after the procedure revealed that complete relief (CR) of the tumor was seen in 2 cases, partial relief (PR) in 13 cases, no change (NC) in 3 cases and progression (PD) in 2 cases. The total effective rate (CR + PR) was 75%. The median survival time was 18.8 months. The survival rate of 1 and 2 years was 75% and 25% respectively. Two cases died of tumor deterioration and 3 cases died of extensive metastases. No complications such as frequent micturation, pain on urination and hematuria occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion CT-guided ~(125)I radioactive seed implantation is a safe and effective interventional treatment for recurrent rectal carcinoma with reliable short-term efficacy and excellent anti-pain effect.

Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of CT-guided radioactive ~(125)I seed implantation treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods Forty patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study, including 25 males and 15 females with an median age of 69 years (38-89 years). Treatment planning system (TPS) was used to reconstruct 3-dimensional images of pancreatic tumor and to define the quantity and distribution of ~(125)I seeds. The radioactivity of ~(125)I seeds was 0.5-0.8 mCi/seed. The seeds were implanted into pancreatic tumor under CT guidance at intervals of 1 cm and were kept away from vessels, pancreatic duct and other adjacent important organs. The tumor matched peripheral dose (MPD) was 60-140 Gy. The median amount of implanted ~(125)I seeds was 36 (18-68) in number. CT scan was performed immediately after the procedure to check the quality of the seeds. In addition, 10 patients received concurrent chemotherapy with arterial infusion of gemcitabin and 5-fluororacil (5-Fu) for 3 to 4 therapeutic courses. Results The median diameter of the tumors was 4.9 cm. The follow-up period was 2 to 28 months. After the treatment the refractory pain was significantly relieved (P < 0.05), and Karnofsky score was dramatically increased (P < 0.05). Most patients experienced relief of pain within 2-5 days after implantation. Two months after treatment, on CT scans the tumors showed completed relief (CR) in 3 cases, partial relief (PR) in 20 cases, no change (NC) in 14 cases and progression (PD) in 3 cases. The overall effective rate (CR+PR) was 57.5%. The median survival time for all patients was 10.2 months, while it was 14.7 months, 10.9 months and 7.1 months for patients in stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ and stage IV respectively. For patients in stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲ and stage Ⅳ, the 6-month cumulative survival rate was 100%, 88% and 62% respectively, while the 12-month cumulative survival rate was 70% , 41% and 0% respectively. After the therapy, liver metastasis occurred in 5 cases and chemoembolization was employed. In three patients, immigration of four radioactive seeds to the liver was found. No serious complications, such as upper GI bleeding, pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula formation and radiation colitis, occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion CT-guided radioactive ~(125)I seed implantation is a safe, effective and minimally-invasive brachytherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer with reliable short-term efficacy. It has an excellent anti-pain effect. The curative results can be further improved when chemotherapy is employed together. However, its long-term efficacy needs to be observed.

Objective To study the clinical characters,the mode of inheritance of osteogenesis Imperfecta in a Chinese Family and effect of bisphosphonate on Osteogenesis Imperfecta.Methods Clinical data of proband and their family members were collected.The family patterns were mapped.clinical features were summarized and analyzed.Results(1)Clinical features:There are sixty members of four generations in the family.20 cases including proband's mother and cousin were diagnosed as having OI type Ⅰ based on clinical manifestations.15 cases of blue sclera,16 cases of dentinogenesis imperfecta,5 cases of hearing loss and 3 cases of fracture.Thyroid cancer and Turner's syndrome was found in Proband's mother and cousin respectively.(2)The genetic map showed that the disease was autosomal dominant inheritance.(3)Treatment:The proband,her mother and her cousin were treated with alendronate for two years.Bone pain relieved and bone mineral density increased significantly,and no fracture occurred so far.Conclusion(1)This OI family was diagnosed as having OI type Ⅰ.The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant inheritance.(2)Bisphosphonates may be an effective drug for treatment of OI.

There are some human diseases associated with mitochondrial DNA genome defect. Now many studies think that: oxygen radical resulting from oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS) disorder caused by myocardium ischemia and the increased OXPHOS induction damage mitochondrial DNA. Chronic damage accumulations lead to mitochondrial DNA deletion or point mutation in the end which show mitochondrial DNA 5.0 kb or 7.4 kb deletion and point mutation at position C15452A in the cytochrome b gene; the conservative sequence mutation of tRNA gene such as A4300G, C4320T point mutation in the tRNA Ilegene, A3243G point mutation in the tRNA leu gene etc result in defective contractile proteins whose persistent and inefficient contraction may increase the myocardium's metabolic demands for ATP and leads to cardiac hypertrophy. In this article, we review the study on the association of mitochondrial DNA mutation with ischemic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia/genetics* ; Point Mutation

Objective To analyse the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test(HDDST)-related differences in the clinical and biochemical features of the patients with Cushing's disease Methods Cases were drawn from 60 consecutive patients with Cushing's disease,who were then divided into two groups according to the response to the HDDST.The clinical and biochemical features between two groups were compared.Results(1) Of the 60 patients with Cushing's disease,23.3%(14/60)of patients(group A)did not yield results of suppression with the HDDST,and the others(group B)did.No difference was found in the age[(33.8?10.4 vs 36.2?11.2)years]and duration of illness[(2.1?1.6 vs 3.9?3.1)years]between two groups.(2)In clinical features,the patients in group A were more likely to have edema of lower limbs(64.3% vs 32.6%),hypokalemia (71.4% vs 28.3%),secondary diabetes(57.1% vs 26.1%)and purple striae(85.7% vs 54.3%,all P

OBJECTIVETo develop a mouse model of acute lung injury induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and to investigate inflammatory changes with the model.

METHODSICR mice exposed to CS for 20-min, 3/d. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were harvested at d 0, d 1, d 3 and d 7 after CS exposure. Neutrophil count in BAFL, TNF-alpha and MMP-12 levels, the activity of MPO in lung tissue were determined.

RESULTNeutrophil count in BALF, MMP-12 and MPO levels in lung tissue were increased after CS exposure in a time-dependent manner with a peak at d3. TNF-alpha level sharply increased at d1, and remained high level until d7.

CONCLUSIONICR mice are tolerant and sensitive to CS exposure, which may be used as an appropriate animal model for acute lung injury induced by cigarette smoke.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; cytology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Smoke ; adverse effects ; Tobacco ; adverse effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDThe mechanisms of action of volatile anesthetics are still unknown. Recently, the use of genetics as a means to investigate anesthetic action has increased in scale. However, only limited forward genetic approach studies were performed in mammals, especially with volatile anesthetics as the selection agent. In the present study, a selective breeding process was designed to produce strains of mice with different sensitivity to isoflurane.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty male and female virgin outbred ICR/CD-1 mice at 65 - 70 days of age were selected as original generation, and the median effective dose (ED(50)) of inhaled isoflurane were measured by probit analysis with the loss of righting reflex as the endpoint of anesthesia. The most sensitive males and females were selected and mated one another randomly, as with the most resistant males and females. Thus two branches of mice (sensitive and resistant to isoflurane) were created and allowed to produce the next generation. At 65 - 70 days of age, screening experiment was performed in offspring, by selecting the most sensitive mice in sensitive branch and the most resistant mice in resistant branch. Selected males and females within each branch were mated one another randomly to produce the following generation. The same procedure was performed in the offspring. The process of screening and breeding was repeated for 8 generations, and then strains were conserved by mating the offspring one another randomly within each branch for 3 generations. Each pair of mice was allowed to produce the second litters as a backup, and isoflurane ED(50) was measured in mice from the second litters.

RESULTSIsoflurane righting reflex ED(50)s (95% confidence limit (CL)) in original mice were 0.65% (0.58% - 0.72%) in females and 0.63% (0.56% - 0.69%) in males. After the 4th generation, isoflurane ED(50)s in resistant branch were significantly higher than those in sensitive branch (P < 0.05), for both in females and males. In the 11th generation, isoflurane ED(50) in the two branches differed by 32% in females and 36% in males.

CONCLUSIONSAfter 8 generations of selective breeding and 3 generations of strain conservation, two strains of mice with high and low sensitivity to isoflurane were developed. The separation of inhaled anesthetic requirement in parents could be transferred to the offspring in mice.

Anesthetics, Inhalation ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Breeding ; methods ; Female ; Isoflurane ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Reflex ; drug effects ; Selection, Genetic ; genetics