Objective:To investigate the oral-maxillofacial pain and t he surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscles and anterior and posterior portions of temporalis muscles after experimental interference. Methods:A cast onlay of 0.5 mm in height was placed on the right low er first molar and remained for three days in 10 adult volunteers with normal oc clusion and without any symptom of TMD. The oral-maxillofacial pain was continu ously scored on a visual analogue scale(VAS)by the subjects before and after t he placement of the onlay. At the same time, the integral data of surface EMG we re recorded, and then the asymmetry index of the activity of bilateral muscles w as calculated. Results:Three days after the placement of the occ lusal highspot, all the subjects complained oral-maxillofacial pain. 8 of them had headache in right temporal region with VAS value of 1~4; the activity of tem poralis anterior at rest position of mandible was increased significantly (P

OBJECTIVE:To explore the necessity of developing pharmaceutical services on the retailed pharma?cy.METHODS:The current state of the pharmacy retailers in China and the necessity of developing pharmaceutical services on the retailed pharmacy were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Only through developing specialized pharmacy services actively can the pharmacy retailer strengthen their competitive ability in the pharmacy market.

AlM: To investigate the effect of exogenous peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α ( PGC-1α) on vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) expression in human retinal vascular endothelial cells ( HRVEC) .METHODS:Recombinant PGC-1α protein was added to HRVEC, and no recombinant PGC-1α protein was added to HRVEC as control group. After 24h of incubation, two groups of cells were then placed into a normoxic ( 20%O2 ) or hypoxic ( 1% O2 ) environment for another 16h. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein were detected by real - time PCR, ELlSA and immunofluorescence cytochemistry.RESULTS: VEGF mRNA and protein levels in the cells were significantly increased by recombinant PGC - 1αprotein both under normoxia and hypoxia conditions as compared with control groups (P<0. 01).CONCLUSlON: PGC-1α can upregulate the expression of VEGF in HRVEC under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.

Objective To explore the effect and underlying mechanism of Sarcandra glabra Nakai on radiation pneumonnopathy in miniature pigs irradiated with 60Co γ-rays.Methods Totally 60 miniature pigs were randomly divided into blank control group,irradiated group with 15 Gy of 60Co γ-rays,and intervention group administered with Sarcandra glabra Nakai at the dosage of 0.3 g/kg before 15 Gy irradiation.At 4,8,12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation,the respiratory rate and weight were observed,and a portion of the right lung tissue was taken out to conduct HE and Masson staining examination,while the expressions of TGF-β1 and TNF-α as well as the content of hydroxyproline (HP) were detected.Results The respiratory rate,the lung coefficient and the content of HP in the irradiated group showed an increasing trend at 4,8,12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation and significantly higher than those in other two groups (F =21.035,146.014,32.610,P ＜ 0.05).Those indicators were indistinguishable between the control group and intervention group at 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation (F =0.055,2.456,5.581,P ＞ 0.05),while the indicators of the irradiation group were significantly higher than that of intervention group (F =91.897,93.149,83.487,P ＜0.05) at 12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation.The pulmonary histopathological results showed that no inflammatory response or fibrosis was found in the control group and intervention TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the intervention group were negatively expressed at 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation and had low expressions at 12 and 24 weeks post-irradiation which was lower than that of the irradiated group.Conclusions Sarcandrae has protective effect against radiation-induced lung injury in miniature pigs probably by inhibiting the expressions of TNF-α and HP.

AIM:To establish a capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking method for the separation and determination of aconitine alkaloid in Xiaohuoluo Pills. METHODS: An uncoated fused-silica capi-llary column(50 ?m i.d.?43 cm,effective length 35 cm) was used.The running buffer was 60 mmol/L phosphate electrolyte solution(pH=6.0)-acetonitrile(8(∶)2).The ruuning voltage was 10 kV and the capillary inlet was dipped in water for 5 s with 3.5 kPa prior to electrokinetic injection(12 kV,30 s).The detection wavelength was 235 nm. RESULTS: This method allowed 400 fold enrichment of aconitine alkaloid.A good linear relation was obtained in the range of 37.5～2.4?10~3 ng/mL (r=0.999 5),with the detection limit of 9.4 ng/mL.The average recovery was 97.6% with the RSD of 1.9%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,rapid,specific and selective with high stacking efficiency;it provides a new reliable means for production and quality control of Xiaohuoluo Pills.

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) on retinal neovascularization in the mouse.Methods Eighty seven-day-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal group,model blank group,model control group and PGC-1α siRNA group,twenty mice in each group.Mice in the normal group were kept in normal room air.Mice in the model blank group,model control group and PGC-1α siRNA group were induced for retinal neovascularization by hypoxia.Liposome with PGC-1α siRNA (1 μl) and liposome with negative control siRNA (1 μl) were injected into the vitreous in the PGC-1α siRNA group and model control group respectively when mice were moved out to room air from the cabin (Postnatal 12).No injection were performed in the model blank group.At postnatal 17,fluorescein angiography was used to assess the vascular pattern.The proliferative neovascular response was quantified by counting the nuclei of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in cross-sections.PGC-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in retina were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western blot.Inhibition efficiency of PGC-1α siRNA on PGC-1α and VEGF was calculated.Results Mice in the normal group showed reticular distribution of retinal blood vessels.Central nonperfused retina,neovascular tufts and fluorescein leakage were seen in the model blank group and model control group.Neovascular tuft and fluorescein leakage were decreased in the PGC-1α siRNA group compared to the model blank group and model control group.The neovascular nuclei were increased in the model blank group and model control group compared to the normal group (P＜0.05).The neovascular nuclei were decreased in the PGC-1α siRNA group compared to the model blank group and model control group (P＜0.05).The expression of PGC-1α mRNA and protein in retina was increased significantly in the model blank group and model control group as compared with normal group,while decreased 54％ and 53％ respectively in the PGC-1α siRNA group as compared with model blank group and model control group (P＜0.05).The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein in retina was increased significantly in the model blank group and model control group as compared with normal group,while decreased significantly in the PGC-1α siRNA group (decreased 48 ％ and 40 ％ respectively) as compared with model blank group and model control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Intravitreal injection of PGC-1α siRNA mediated by liposome can inhibit retinal neovascularization in the mouse effectively.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and outcomes of two separate vertical wiring combined with tension band and Kirschner-wire plus cerclage wire in the treatment of displaced inferior pole fractures of the patella.Methods:From January 201 3 to January 201 5,1 5 consecutive patients (mean age 54.5 years)with inferior pole fractures of the patella were retrospectively included in this study.All the patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation by separate vertical wiring com-bined with tension band and Kirschner-wire plus cerclage wire through longitudinal incision,4.5 d (range:3.1 -5.9 d)after initial injury.A safety check for early knee range of motion was performed before wound closure.The complications including infection,nonunion,loss of fixation and any wire breakage or irritation from implant were recorded.Anteroposterior and lateral views of the knee joint ob-tained during the follow-up were used to assess bony union based on the time when the fracture line disap-peared.At the time of the final outpatient follow up,functional evaluation of the knee joint was conduc-ted by B?stman system.Results:The follow-up time was 1 3.1 months (range:1 2 -1 9 months)after surgery on average,immediate motion without immobilization in all the cases was allowed and there was no case of reduction loss of the fracture and wire breakage.There was no case of irritation from the im-plant.At the final follow-up,the average range of motion (ROM)arc was 1 26.7°(range:1 1 5°-1 40°),the average ROMlag versus contralateral healthy leg was 1 0.3°(range:0°-35°).The mean B?stman score at the last follow-up was 28.9 (range:27 -30),and graded excellent in most cases. Conclusion:Two separate vertical wiring is an easy and effective method to reduce the displaced inferior pole fracture of patella.Augmentation of separate vertical wiring with tension band and Kirschner-wire plus cerclage wire in these patients provides enough strength to protected the early exercise of the knee joint and uneventful healing.By this surgical treatment,excellent results in knee function can be expec-ted for cases of displaced inferior pole fractures of the patella.

Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polychondritis, Relapsing ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; methods

retina. Degeneration was found in the epithelial cells of lens at day 30 after radiation. During day 90 to 360 after radiation, lens capsule was thickened, degeneration of epithelial cells, and edema on the posterior surface were found, and cataract ensued. The injurious effect was dose-related. Conclusion High power EMP may cause posterior capsular opacity and subsequent cataract, and the injurious effect was dose-related.

Abstract: TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has a wide range of biological activities and plays an important roles in regulating cell growth, adhesion, differentiation, cell dynamic balance, and immune responses. The higher activity of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway may promote scar formation, organ fibrosis, immunosuppression, and late-stage cancer progression, while low activity may lead to inflammation, dysplasia, poor healing and oncogenesis. The function of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is extremely complex and can exhibit inhibitory or enhancing effects on immunity and inflammation under different circumstances, but immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects are dominant. During HIV infection, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway interacts with HIV in a complex manner as HIV proteins tat and gp120 can induce TGF-β expression. Meanwhile, this signaling pathway may also play a role in HIV infection and replication, latent virus reservoir, host immune deficiency and HIV-related inflammation. It is worth noting that even though TGF-β, which mainly exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, is induced by HIV, high levels of TGF-β do not seem to inhibit HIV-related inflammation. So far, the relationship between TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection has not been elucidated, and its role and mechanism in HIV infection and related illnesses need further exploration and validation. This review summarizes the relevant research progress on the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and HIV infection, and provides a reference for further understanding of HIV pathogenesis and exploring strategies of AIDS treatment.