OBJECTIVE:To analysis the micro-policy demand of medical institutions about carrying on qualified phar?maceutical service.METHODS:To compare the difference of pharmaceutical service and the policy between domestic and ov_ ersea medical institutions.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:To develop the pharmaceutical service of our country,the governm_ ent and authority should establish the encouraging and regulative policies about education,medicine,licensed pharmacist,personnel matters management,and so on.

Positive and meaningful exploration was conducted by related teachers to improve the teaching quality of oral clinical pharmacology.Case based teaching method was applied in the teaching of adverse reactions and bilingual teaching was employed in the teaching of local anesthesia.Correlation and comparison of the key knowledge points were emphasized in the teaching process. Students′ interests were aroused and satisfactory results were achieved through implementing these measures.

Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lead ; adverse effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects

Information Services ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration

Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Mutation

Child ; Humans ; Motor Skills Disorders ; diagnosis ; therapy

Congenital Abnormalities ; Encephalocele ; Humans ; Nose Diseases ; congenital

Multidrug resistant genes are highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma that seriousty affects the effect of chemotherapy. Screening of resistant genes from HCC cells and studying its mechanism of drug resistance will be helpful to improve the effecacy of chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we described an alternative method called cyclical packaging rescue (CPR). First we constructed a retrovirus cDNA library of hepatoma cells and used it to infect fibroblasts. Then we added drugs to screen survival cells. The survival cells, stably integrated helper-free retroviral libraries, were recovered rapidly after transfection with plasmids expressing retroviral gag-pol and env genes. Through this method, retroviral RNAs were directly repackaged into new infectious virions. Recovered retroviral supernatant was then used to reinfect fresh target cells. When performed in concert with selection using functional assays, cDNAs regulating functional responses could be identified by enrichment through multiple rounds of retroviral library recovery and retransmission. Using CPR, we obtained several cDNAs. After a preliminary detection, we found Ribosomal protein S11 (RPS11), Ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6), Ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11), Ribosomal protein L24 (RPL24) possibly had drug resistant function.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Gene Library ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Plasmids ; Retroviridae ; Ribosomal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Objective To investigate mechanisms of resistance to adriamycin(ADR)by human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and to find the alteration of features and celluar behavior of MCF-7 after exposure to ADR.MethodsProliferation speed,population doubling time of MCF(wild type),MCF-7/ADR(exposure to adriamycin)and withdrawl group were respectively tested.Cell phenotype alteration was detected using SP immunohiatochemistry methods.Results No significant difference of proliferation speed was found between MCF-7/ADR and MCF cells.As exposure time prolonged,withdrawl group cells grew faster,thus population doubling time shortened.Differentiation of MCF-7/ADR and wthdrawl group was lower than wild group.The expression of drug resistance associated marker of MCF-7/ADR such as Pgp,LRP,GST-pi,TOPOⅡwas higher than that of MCF-7,ER turned to express negatively,and expression of PR gradually decreased as exposure continued.Conclusion MCF-7 cells exposed to ADR got drug resistant,their proliferation was not suppressed by withdrawl of ADR and even grew faster.Drug resistant cells gained dedifferentiation ability.Their heredity and biochemistry features changed,expression of target enzyme also altered and was reversible by drug withdrawl.

Background Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) following cataract extracapsular extraction is a major cause of the reduction of visual acuity.Topical administration of eye drops is a research hotspot for the prevention of PCO.Objective This study was to evaluate the release of cyclosporine A-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CyA-CS-NP) by ionic gelation in vitro and its feasibility of modification of the surface of polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens (PMMA IOL) with CyA-CS-NP.Methods The CS-NP and CyA-CS-NP were prepared by ionic gelation of CS with sodium tripolyphosphate.The characteristics of CS-NP,such as the appearance and mean size,and drug entrapment efficient (EE),loading capacity (LC),and the drug release were studied ; the CyA content on the IOL surface was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The IOL surface modified with CyA-CS-NP was observed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique (XPS),the changes of elements and chemical bond types between simple plasma processed IOL and CyA-CS-NP modified IOL were analyzed.The transmittance at the wavelength of 360-490 nm and refraction of IOL were detected using back focal length method and spectrophotometer,and the effective resolution of IOL was evaluated according to the instruction of ISO/CD 11979-2.Loops anti fatigue test of IOL referred to the criteria of ISO/CD 11979-3.Results The CS-NP and CyA-CS-NP showed monodisperse,uniform appearance similar to spherical shape with a mean size of (158±18) nm and (219±29) nm,respectively.The CyA-CS-NP had high CyA association efficiency and loading capacity (64.2％ and 7.6％).In vitro release study revealed a fast release on the first day followed by a increased drug release during an 11-day following up.The sustained release was approximately 46.6％ at day 1 and 77.7％ at day 12,respectively.The surface of IOLs with cling film was smooth without CS-NP;while the edge of IOLs appeared a layer of CyA-CS-NP after modification.XPS analysis displayed some elements such as phosphonium,CNH2 and O =CN that appeared on the modified surface,indicating that CyA-CS-NP existed on the surface of IOLs edge.The mean quality of CyA on three IOLs surface after modification was 171.88 μg.The diopter,distinguishing ability and transmittance of modified IOL were (16.64±0.23) D,(90.28 ± 0.25) ％ and (73.57 ±0.62) ％,and those of unmodified IOL were (16.62±0.29) D,(90.28±0.21) ％,(73.61±0.60)％,without significant differences between them (t =0.381,0.078,2.291,all at P ＞ 0.05).The antifatigue ability of loops complied with the criteria of ISO/CD 11979-3.Conclusions The optical property and antifatigue ability of loops of the edge-modified IOLs by CyA-CS-NP reach the normal standard and meet the requirement of clinic application.The edge-modified IOLs by CyA-CS-NP can be a delivery system for intraocular drug release.