Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; prevention & control ; Infant ; Primary Prevention

Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Cough ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

Asthma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Emphysema ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Child ; Cough ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; complications ; therapy

Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors

Adult ; Child ; Diet ; Female ; Fetus ; immunology ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; embryology ; immunology ; Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; immunology ; Risk Factors

Objective To examine plasma adrenomedullin(ADM) levels in patients with IgA nephropathy,and investigate the correlation of plasma ADM and urinary albumin.Methods Specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure the plasma concentration of ADM in 35 patients with IgA nephropathy and 22 controls,and to analyse correlation of plasma ADM level and urinary albumin. Results The levels of plasma ADM (24 2?3 8)pg/ml was significantly higher in patients with IgA nephrophathy than that of controls(10 9?0 8)pg/ml)(P

Objective To explore the possible role of PGE 1 in tubulointerstitial fibrosis formation. Methods Rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) was established.In situ hybridation(ISH) technique, morphological observation and biochemical analysis were applied to determine TGF? 1 mRNA expression, changes of tubulointerstitium and rencortical hydroxyproline content after used PGE 1. Results 3 days after UUO,the rats renal interstitial edema, a number of mononuclear cells recruitment. On day 14,tubule atrophy, interstitial proliferative fibrosis and area enlarged,hydroxyproline content,TGF? 1 mRNA expression increased, the peak value of the latter occurred early than that of hydroxyproline peak value and interstitial area enlargement.PGE 1 could down -regulate these changes.Conclusions The antagenistic effect of PGE 1 on renal interstitial fibrosis may be partly associated with down-regulating overexpression of TGF? 1 mRNA and inhibiting mononuclear cells recruitment.

Objective To explore change and significance of serum and urinary transforming growth factor-? 1(TGF-? 1)in the patients with primary chronic glomerulonephropathy (PCG). Methods 65 patients with PCG were divided into four groups according to the degree of renal function damage: normal renal function,renal compensatory,renal decompensatory and renal function failure groups. Levels of serum and urinary TGF-? 1 were determined with ELISA, and the levels of urinary protein and renal function were examined as well. Results Levels of serum and urinary TGF-? 1 in patients with PCG were singificantly higher than those in control, and the levels of serum and urinary TGF-? 1 among four groups were significantly different. The TGF-? 1 level of urinary was associated with the degree of renal function damage(r=0 28,P