OBJECTIVE To approach the factors and precautions of sharp injuries of nurses in operating room.METHODS We reviewed the literatures and combined the clinical practice,the risk factors and adopted precaution of sharp injuries of nurses in operating room were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS The sharp injuries rate of nurses in operating room was decreased from 54.2% to 4.8%.The rate of reported was increase from 3.1% to 80.0%.So the efficiency and quality of work were elevated.CONCLUSIONS It is the key of protective measure that enhancing the protective consciousness and reducing the factors of the sharp instrument injury.

Objectives This study was designed to explore the function of ATP binding cassette transporter 1 ( ABCA1) and ApolipoproteinA-I (ApoA-I) in cholesterol reverse transportation ( RCT) , the influence of lovastatin and rosiglitazone on the concentration of cholesterol ( CHO) in THP-1 ( human monocytic leukemia cell line) derived foam cells.Methods LDL from healthy volunteers was obtained by density-gradient ultracentrifugation and was oxidized by incubation with Cu2+ and ox-LDL was identified.Macrophages were induced from THP-1 cell by phorbol ester (PMA).Models of foam cells were built by incubating macrophages with oxLDL.The effect of lovastatin and rosiglitazone on ABCA1 protein expression in THP-1 cell line derived macrophage were detected by western blot Foam cells were divided into 9 groups: control, ApoA-I, lovastatin, rosiglitazone lovastatin + ApoA-I, rosiglitazone + ApoA-I, ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment + ApoA-I, ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment + lovastatin + ApoA-I, ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment + rosiglitazone + ApoA-I.The concentration of intracellular CHO in each group was detected by using cholesterol kit Results As compared with control group, there are no big differences of CHO concentration within the cell of group lovastatin, rosiglitazone, and each ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment group (P >0.05), but the CHO concentration within the cells of group ApoA-I, lovastatin + ApoA-I, rosiglitazone + ApoA-I decreased obviously as compared with the control (P <0.05), and CHO concentration in group rosiglitazone + ApoA-I have a further decrease than the former two groups ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions CHO concentration can be descreased in foam cells by cooperation of ABCA1 and ApoA-I mediate cholesterol efflux.Rosiglitazone can enhance this procedure in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells which means that they can promote ABCA1 mediated cholesterol reverse transportation through improve ABCA1 protein expression.

Adult medical education has its own particularity.Its quality is affected by students' work units,families,schools,their own and other factors.Changing concepts,optimizing management,promoting personal quality education,setting up early warning mechanism,and doing full co-ordination are effective ways to improve the quality of adult medical education.

Objective To analysis influence of perioperative function rehabilitation training combined with drug treatment on uri-nary incontinence recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy .Methods The clinical data of 31 cases of incontinence after lap-aroscopic radical prostatectomy were retrospectively analyzed .Early functional rehabilitation training ,drugs and mental guidance were applied to the patients .Results 31 out of 91 cases who receiving the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy immediately suffered from urinary incontinence when removing catheter .9 cases rehabilitated after 7 days ,12 cases rehabilitated after 1 months ,and 29 cases rehabilitated after 6 months .Conclusion Urinary incontinence occurs more in the early laparoscopic radical surgery ,perioper-ative function rehabilitation training combined with drug treatment could effectively improve the function of patients with urinary continence .

Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) on penile erection in rats with diabetes-as-sociated erectile dysfunction (ED) .Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were established diabetic rats by injecting streptozo-tocin(STZ) ,and observing erectile phenomenon by injecting apomorphine .After 4 weeks of PNS treatment (low-dose ,medium-dose , high-dose group) ,erectile function in each group was assessed by intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) measurement .The level of nitric oxide(NO)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)in cavernous tissue were detected .Immu-nohistochemical staining and TUNEL were performed for detecting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and apoptosis ,respec-tively .Results ICP and ICP/MAP ratio were significantly increased in medium-dose and high-dose PNS treated groups compared with the diabetic untreated group(P<0 .05) .Compared with the diabetic untreated group ,the expression of eNOS and the levels of NO and cGMP were increased in medium-dose and high-dose PNS treated groups(P<0 .05) .The apoptosis ratecorpus of caverno-sum in 3 PNS treatment groups significantly decreased than the diabetic untreated group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion PNS can recovery the endothelial cell function in corpus cavernosum by adjusting the NO/cGMP pathway and controlling the accumulation of AGEs , and may be used for improving in diabetic ED rats .

Objective To determine the safety of the fetal olfactory ensheathing cell(OEC) transplantation in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) by examination of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A prospective clinical study involving 16 patients with chronic SCI was designed to investigate the feasibility and biological safety of the fetal OEC transplantation in treatment of SCI. The olfactory bulbs from the 3-4-month-old aborted human fetuses following the strict ethical guidelines were harvested and trypsinized down to single fetal OEC. These cells were then cultured for 12-17 days and were prepared for a clinical use. From November 2001 to December 2002, 16 patients with chronic SCI were randomly enrolled. The patients suffered from SCI for 1.5-8 years (average 4.3 years) after the injury. The suspension (50 μl) containing about 1×106 fetal OECs was transplanted by an injection into the patients' spinal cords above and below the injury site. All the patients were assessed before the transplantation and were followed up with MRI for 29-42 months (average 38 mon) after the transplantation. Results No cell-related adverse effects were observed in any patient during the follow-up period. The follow-up with MRI did not reveal any development of optic glial tumor, tumor-like mass, new hemorrhage, edema, expanding cyst, new cyst formation, infection or disruption of the neural structure in the transplant site of all the patients. Conclusion This is the first clinical study demonstrating the long-term safety of the OEC therapy for SCI. The results indicate that our protocol is feasible and safe in treatment of patients with chronic SCI within 38 months after the injury. Although the size of the samples for our study was not big enough, the positive results of the study have encouraged us to make a further research in this field.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and countermeasure of residual stones after single‐channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy for higher stone‐free rate and better operation result .Methods All patients who underwent single‐channel percu‐taneous nephrolithotomy in our hospital from June 2011 to December 2013 were retrospected and the cause of residual stones were analyzed .Results There were 42 patients who had residual stones after operation among total 262 patients undergone single‐chan‐nel PCNL .21 patients had residual stones because the stones they burdened were too complex .7 patients were concerned with com‐plications such as intraoperative hemorrhage .The stone fragments scattered into the calices in 7 patients with overlarge stone during fragmentation .The other causes concerned with stone residue included anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidneys(3 patients) , operation itself inherent limitations(3 patients) ,insufficient practice and experience in operation(1 patients) .Conclusion The main causes concerned with residual stones of single‐channel PCNL are complexity of urinary calculi ,bleeding ,scattering of stone frag‐ments and anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidney .

Objective To evaluate the value of cough test in the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)procedure.Methods A cohort of 85 women with stress urinary incontinence underwent the TVT procedure with cough test (n =41) or without cough test (n =44).Patients in cough test group were performed according to the Ulmsten’s method strictly,with the stress of tape adjusted in light of cough test; whereas in other 44 operations,the tape was placed on the urethral tract without stress,and no cough test was performed.The urine catheter was removed after 48 hours postoperatively and follow-up evaluation was carried out at 12 month postoperatively.Results TVT procedure was carried out successfully in all patients by a single experienced surgeon.Four cases of urinary retention and 5 cases of voiding difficulty were observed in the cough test group.However,urinary retention or voiding difficulty was not detected in the nun-cough test group.Based on the twelve-month follow-up results,the cure rate was 92.6％ (38/41) in the cough test group and 93.1％ (41/44) in the non-cough test group.Flow-pressure study indicated that 11 cases in cough test group were in the obstruction zone,while only 3 cases in the obstruction zone were detected in the non-cough test group.Conclusions TVT is a safe as well as effective minimally invasive surgical procedure to treat female stress urinary incontinence.However,Adjusting stress of tape in accordance with cough test during the TVT may potentially increase the incidence of urinary dysfunction postoperatively.Therefore,no convincing evidence was gained to support the efficacy of cough test during TVT in terms of preventing postoperative voiding dysfunction.

Adult ; Calcinosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Inhibins ; metabolism ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Sertoli Cell Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Testis ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To analyse appearances of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) of breast local adenosis,and to explore the value of CEUS in the diagnosis of the local adenosis of breast.Methods The data of conventional ultrasound and CEUS of local adenosis of breast in 110 cases confirmed by operation and pathology were analysed.The enhancement patterns,border of the lesion,time-intensity curve were evaluated respectively.Results Totally 151 lesions were detected by conventional ultrasound in 110 cases,61 lesions were diagnosed by conventional ultrasound for adenopathy or adenosis tumor,the diagnosis coincidence rate was 40.4％ (61/151).By CEUS,106 lesions were diagnosed as adenopathy or adenosis tumor,the diagnosis coincidence rate was 70.2 ％ (106/151),higher than that of conventional ultrasound.The features of CEUS include:In contrast perfusion time to peak,103 lesions inhomogeneously enhanced in whole or in part (68.2 ％).The enhancement degree of 121 lesions (80.1 ％) were moderate enhancement or slightly high enhancement,a few lesions (11.9％,18/151) showed significantly enhanced,and very few lesions (7.9 ％,12/151) for low enhancement.In contrast perfusion peak,107 (70.9 ％) lesions had less clear boundary,no envelope,and had a certain continuity with the surrounding background breast tissue,in which 5 lesions were showed significantly increased in size by CEUS comparison with conventional ultrasound,and the boundary of 4 lesions was shaped like the burr,no regularity after enhancing.The boundary of 29.1％ (44/151) of the lesion was clear.In the lesions with moderate enhancement or slightly high enhancement,the time-intensity curve mainly displayed same washin and same wash out (60/151,39.7 ％) and fast washin and fast wash-out (65/151,43.0％).Conclusions CEUS image of focal breast adenosis has certain characteristics.CEUS can provide more evidences in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast adenosis,which can help to improve diagnostic confidence.