Several minimally invasive techniques were used to treat infection secondary to pancreatic and (or peri-pancreatic) necrosis recent years,including percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD),endoscopic transluminal treatment,min-incision surgery,video-assisted minimally invasive technique and laparoscopic surgery.We should grasp the indication of each technique.PCD/ endoscopic transluminal surgery usually acted as initial therapy.Open surgery is still effective,and acts as a rescue operation when minimally invasive techniques fail.

Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group published Classification of Acute Pancreatitis-2012:Revision of the Atlanta Classification and Definitions by International Consensus in 2012,which redefined the diagnosis,severity,local complication,local infection of acute pancreatitis (AP).Under the guidance of revised Atlanta classification (RAC),the constituent ratio of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) decreases significantly,which is between 3.7％ ～ 25.4％,and less than 10.0％ is reported in most researches.The mortality of SAP is between 10.0％ ～ 52.9％,and more than 20％ is observed in most publications.The constituent ratio of mild severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) is between 10.9％ ～ 40.1％,the mortality is between 0 ～ 4.8％,and the incidence rate of organ failure is between 4.6％ ～ 34.0％.The percentage of patients with SAP who need ICU care and surgery intervention is higher than that of MSAP,and the total hospital stay of SAP are longer than that of MSAP.RAC could better reflect the severity and predict the outcome of AP than Atlanta classification published in 1992,but RAC also has some potential limitations.For example,the “local infection” is not included in this classification.This paper veviewed the relavent issues.

There is no specific diagnostic tools or marker for detection of asthma in children.However,A large number of studies have shown that atopic disease and positive family history are the important risk factors.It is helpful for the asthma early diagnosis,proper management and prevention through the analysis of the relationship between childhood asthma and atopic disease as well as positive family history.

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Translations

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; epidemiology

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Aspirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Hypertension ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Intestinal Perforation ; chemically induced ; surgery ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Proteinuria ; chemically induced ; Thromboembolism ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

Brain Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Heat Stroke ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; complications ; therapy

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; etiology

Objective To observe the clinical effect and safety of using Sufentanil in children's enteroscopy under general anesthesia. Methods 80 ASA Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ children, aged 5~10 years, weighed 18~35 kg, who scheduled for enteroscopy, were randomly divided into two groups: group Sufentanil (group S, n = 40) and group Fentanyl (group F, n = 40). Group S were given Sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg and Propofol 2.50 mg/kg in intravenous injection, group F were given Fentanyl 2.0 μg/kg and Propofol 2.50 mg/kg in intravenous injection. Proseal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) was inserted when eyelash reflex disappeared and the submaxilla was loosen, and Propofol 6.00 ~8.00 mg/(kg?h) and 2% ~ 3% Sevoflurane inhalation for anesthesia maintenance. Parameters of HR, MAP, SpO2 and RR were recorded at different times: before induction (T0), insertion of PLMA (T1), enteroscopy to the ileocecal valve (T2) and end of operation (T3). Also, time of induction and recovery, pain on injection, perioperative body movement, intraoperative regurgitation, glossocoma, nausea and vomiting, throat pain and agitation were also recorded. Results Compared with T0, HR and MAP at T1 and T2 were significantly higher in group F (P < 0.05), but in group S, there was no significant differences (P > 0.05). RR in both groups were significantly lower at T1 compared with T0 (P < 0.05), and no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). HR, MAP and RR were significantly lower in group S than that in group F at T1 and T2 times (P < 0.05). Pain on injection, body movement and agitation were significantly lower in group S than that in group F (P < 0.05). Induction and recovery time in group S were significantly shorter than that in group F (P < 0.05). Conclusions The anesthetic effect of Sufentanil for combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia in children's enteroscopy is safe and satisfactory. It could provide more smoothly intraoperative hemodynamics and higher quality of awakening.

Objective To explore the relation between endothelial function and Alzheimer′s disease(AD).Methods The concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA)and L-arginine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),the concentration of nitric oxide(NO) detected by the method of nitrate reductase,and the activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)examined using NOS assay kits,in the plasma of 45 mild/moderate AD patients and 48 controls.Results Compared with controls,the concentration of ADMA(0.95?0.09?mol/L,P=0.00)was significantly increased,however the activity of NOS((13.9?3.9)U/L,P=0.00),inducible NOS(iNOS)((5.1?1.8)U/L,P= 0.00)and concentration of NO((41.7?5.0)?mol/L,P=0.00)were significantly decreased.In addition,Logistic regression analysis found significant positive correlations between the plasma concentration of NO and the score of the CDR(y=36.64?0.398_x;r=0.398,P