The emerging technologies change rapidly in the medical field, refresh the medical ethical scenari-os, brought some medical ethical blind spot.Therefore, building the platform of academic research, making use of the new media, MOOC and“flipped classroom”, inheriting the native“The Spirits of A Great Physician” in tradi-tional Chinese medicine and western medicine, life ethics education and sublation of new exploration, the ideolog-ical and moral education for medical students is expected to be improved in China.

0.05).The expression rate of p53 protein in patients with cervical lymph nodes metastasis(≥4cm)was 81.8%(9/11),in cervical lymph nodes metastasis (

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-tumor effect of dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with G422 glioblastomas RNA in mice bearing intracranially G422 glioblastomas.

METHODSDCs were pulsed in vitro with glioblastomas G422 cell RNA. The tumor-bearing mice were injected intratumorally or subcutaneously with pulsed DCs, PBS, non-pulsed DCs. The survival duration of mice was recorded. Serum levels of cytokine IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-10, IL-4 were detected. Pathological examination was performed.

RESULTSThe survival duration of mice with DC-based vaccine increased significantly(P<0.01). The serum IFN-gamma level was increased (P<0.01) and IL-10 level was decreased (P<0.05) after treatment. Pathological examination showed necrotic tumor in the treatment mice.

CONCLUSIONDC vaccination can significantly increase survival duration of mice with intratumoral or subcutaneous administration of vaccines.

Animals ; Brain Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; transplantation ; Glioblastoma ; immunology ; therapy ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Mice ; RNA, Neoplasm ; immunology ; Random Allocation ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo detect the effects of lumbar vertebrae Gucuofeng on the substance P content of hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglia in rat models.

METHODSA hundred and twenty SPF level SD male rats with the weight of 350 to 450 g were randomly divided into rotary fixation group (RF group), simple fixation group (SF group) and sham-operation group (Sham group). The external link fixation system was implanted into the L4-L6 of rats in RF group and SF group; and in RF group, that the L5 spinous process was rotated to the right resulted in L4, L5, L6 spinous process not collinear; in SF group, the external link fixation system was simply implanted and not rotated. The rats of Sham group were not implanted the external link fixation system and only open and suture. The substance P content of hypothalamus and dorsal root ganglia were detected at 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation.

RESULTSSubstance P content of hypothalamus in RF group and SF group was lower than Sham group at 1, 4, 8 weeks after operation (P<0.05). Substance P content of dorsal root ganglia was higher than Sham group at 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in the substance P content of hypothalamus among three groups at 12 weeks after operation (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONLumbar vertebrae Gucuofeng can inhibit the analgesic activity of substance P in hypothalamus and promote the synthesis and transmission of substance P in dorsal root ganglia, so as to cause or aggravate the pain.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ganglia, Spinal ; chemistry ; Hypothalamus ; chemistry ; Joint Dislocations ; metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance P ; analysis ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate whole blood viscosity changes at different time points in rats model with lumbar vertebrae semidislocation, study Shi's theroy of qi and blood and "Gucuofeng and Jinchucao" [symbols: see text], also reveal pathological physiology characteristics of spinal disorder.

METHODSThirty-six SPF male rats weighted 350 to 450 g were randomly divided into rotatory fixation group (RF group), simple fixation group (SF group) and Sham group (Sham group), 12 rats in each group. Exterior vertebrae implanted through L4-L6 segments of lumbar vertebrae in RF and SF group were connected fixed device. In RF group, L5 spinous process were rotated to right, and caused L5 spinous process was non collinear with L4 and L6; in SF group, external fixed device were simple connected without rotation. At 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after fixation, whole blood viscosity changes were tested.

RESULTSAt 4 and 8 weeks after fixation, high (150/s), medium (60/s) and lower (10/s) shear rate in RF and SF group were higher than that of Sham group (P<0.05). At 1 and 12 weeks, there was no sigificant differences among three groups in whole blood viscosity (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION"Gucuofeng and Jinchucao" [symbols: see text] vertebrae could raise whole blood viscosity, increase degree of bloos stasis and induce or aggravate spinal disorder in further.

Animals ; Blood Viscosity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of pulmonary disorders characterized by various patterns of inflammation and fibrosis in the interstitium of the lung.The underlying pathogene sis of ILDs is complex and associated with multiple rheumatologic conditions,such as systemic sclerosis,rheumatoid arthritis,pollymyositis and dermatomyositis,Sjt(o)gren's syndrome,and systemic lupus erythematosus.As the disease progresses,excessive pulmonary fibrosis impairs alveolar gas exchange and damages pulmonary function.The common methods to diagnose ILDs,such as clinical manifestations,pulmonary function test,and radiological examinations are not specific for ILDs and not able to diagnose ILDs at the early stage due to their low sensitivity.So,the easy way is important to diagnose ILDs.One important biomarker for ILDs is the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein,Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6).KL-6 encoded by the MUC1 gene is a mucin-like glycoprotein with high molecular weight and expressed predominantly on the cell surface of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells,and is detectable in the serum of patients with ILDs.We here report a case of ILDs associated with dermatomyositis and secondary Sj(o)gren's syndrome.A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of debilitation,dry mouth,dyspnea and astasia.ILDs associated with dermatomyositis and secondary Sj(o)gren's syndrome was diagnosed clinically when the following criteria were satisfied:(1) development of dyspnea within 2 months of presentation,(2) pulmonary dispersion dysfunction,(3) bilateral infiltrative shadows on chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT).She was treated with prednisone 50 mg/d prior to admission,but the result of therapy was not good.In our hospital she was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide and oral hydroxychloroquine sulfate.Subsequently,her serum KL-6 levels gradually decreased after treatment,pulmonary diffuse function improved,and the improvement in the clinical manifestation and HRCT findings were observed.Nevertheless,the combination treatment of glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide had contributed to the favourable outcomes.In conclusion,detection of serum KL-6 levels in ILDs associated with connective tissue diseases may be beneficial to making a definitive diagnosis,predicting the prognosis and monitoring the disease activity,which would be of great help in clinical practice.However,a well-designed clinical study with more patients and a longer follow-up period are required to arrive at a more conclusive judgment on the role of serum KL-6 in patients with ILDs.

OBJECTIVETo observe the distribution features of tender points in knee of patients with knee osteoarthritis in order to provide evidences for the treatment and diagnosis.

METHODSFrom November 2011 to December 2012,86 patients with knee osteoarthritis were recruited, including 21 males and 65 females, ranging in age from 45 to 85 years old, with an average of (59.98 +/- 8.23) years old. The course of disease ranged from 3 months to 15 years. The tender points and its distributions were determined by finger press carefully on their knees. Data of studying was analyzed by frequency statistics and Hierachical cluster analysis.

RESULTSThe distribution of tender points in the knee osteoarthritis was mainly in the interior region and anterior area such as in apex of patella, adductor tubercle and et al. According to the results of hierachical cluster analysis, the tender points could be divided into two categories the first cluster was in the interior region of knee, the second cluster was in the lateral region.

CONCLUSIONThe findings demonstrated that cluster analysis statistical method can be used for classification of the distribution of tender points. The distribution features of tender points in knee osteoarthritis are related to the anatomic site in knee.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cluster Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; complications ; Pain ; complications

Thyroid cancer is the one of the most common endocrine tumors. The biological behaviors and prognoses of the thyroid cancer of different histological types remarkably differ. The highly invasive thyroid cancer responds poorly to traditional therapies. Recent research advances in the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer have revealed the roles of many genetic and epigenetic variations such as gene mutation, abnormal gene amplification, and abnormal gene methylation in the development of thyroid cancer, which provides new insights in the molecular diagnosis, prognosis, and target therapy of the thyroid cancer.
Carcinoma ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; genetics

BACKGROUNDThere are few researches for the healing of metaphyseal fractures; moreover, the animal models to study the metaphyseal fractures are usually made by the oscillating saw osteotomy without reliable fixation, which is not in accordance with our current clinical practice. In this study, we established a new model to observe the healing process of metaphyseal fractures.

METHODSEighteen New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. The fracture model was created by splitting the medial tibial plateau in rabbits, then reset, and fixed with compression screws. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperatively, the tibial specimens were collected; firstly, a general observation and an X-ray examination of the specimens was done, and then they were embedded in methylmethacrylate and cut into sections with hard tissue slicer. The sections were stained with Giemsa reagent and examined under light microscopy.

RESULTSThere was no fracture displacement in the tibial specimens of all time points, except for one showing a collapse. No external callus formation could be observed by X-ray and general examination. After 1 week of the operation, the fracture gap was filled by mesenchymal tissue; 2 weeks postoperatively, a large number of woven bones were formed; from the third week onwards, the woven bone began to turn into lamellar bone, and new trabecular structure began to form. In all of the slices, no obvious chondrocytes formed in fracture areas; thus, there was no endochondral ossification.

CONCLUSIONSThis model was an ideal fracture animal model and suitable for the study of metaphyseal fracture healing. The X-ray and histological images demonstrated that metaphyseal fracture healing was a process of direct bone healing through intramembranous bone formation under the conditions of minor trauma, good reduction, and firm fixation.

Animals ; Fracture Healing ; physiology ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Radiography

OBJECTIVETo study into the genetic polymorphism of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR's exon 4 in Chinese hepatitis C patients and its relationship with HCV infection susceptibility.

METHODSPatients with hepatitis C (n=300, group A) and healthy subjects (n=520, group B) were genotyped and analysed for the repeat sequence of polymorphism of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR's exon 4 using PCR and DNA sequencing.

RESULTSThe distribution of genotypes and alleles in DC-SIGN's exon 4 in the two groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The difference of allele frequency in DC-SIGNR's exon 4 between the two groups was also not significant (P > 0.05). However, 9/5 genotype distribution frequency of DC-SIGNR's exon 4 in patients with hepatitis C was significantly higher than that in the healthy subjects (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant correlation between the genetic polymorphism of DC-SIGN's exon 4 and HCV infection susceptibility. 9/5 genotype distribution frequency of DC-SIGNR's exon 4 in patients with hepatitis C is significantly higher and may be associated with HCV infection susceptibility.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Blood Donors ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; Child ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; ethnology ; genetics ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; Young Adult