Objective To investigate the value of arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI in evaluation of renal cortex perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and divided into simple diabetes (SD) group (n=25) and diabetes kidney disease (DKD) group (n=25) according to suffering from DKD or not.Based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),DKD group were further divided into mild disease subgroup (n=11,eGFR≥ 60 ml/[min · 1.73m2]) and moderate-severe disease subgroup (n=14,eGFR＜60 ml/[min · 1.73m2]).Twenty-five healthy volunteers were recruited as control group at the same time.ASL MRI were performed on all participants.The cortical renal blood flow (RBF) of bilateral kidneys were measured by 2 radiologists.The consistency between 2 radiologists was analyzed.Statistical analysis were conducted to analysis the differences in cortical RBF among different groups.Correlation analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between RBF and eGFR in type 2 diabetes patients.Results Cortical RBF values measured by two radiologists showed high consistency (all ICC＞0.90).There was significant difference in cortical RBF among control group ([269.71±33.28]ml/[100 g · min]),SD group ([258.52±42.30]ml/[100 g · min]),mild disease group ([242.86±56.86]ml/[100 g · min]) and moderate-severe disease group ([173.39±27.16]ml/ [100 g· min];F=20.66,P＜0.01).Moreover,the RBF in moderate-severe disease group was significantly lower than those in other groups (all P＜0.01).And no significant differences of RBF was found among the remainder groups (P=0.064,0.320).RBF in type 2 diabetes patients was positively correlated to eGFR (r=0.646,P＜0.001).Conclusion ASL MRI is a valuable tool to quantitatively assess the renal perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,which can provide potential imaging indicator as RBF for the functional evaluation of kidney.

The aim was to construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid encoding the fusion gene of single-chain variable fragment and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3). The cDNAs of immunoglobulin (Ig) VH and Ig VL were amplified by RT-PCR and assembled into the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) by recombinant PCR method. The cDNAs of Ig VH and Ig VL were connected by a (Gly4Ser)3 linker. Then, the fragments of scFv and MCP-3 were connected with a NDAQAPKS spacer, using recombinant PCR method again. The results indicated that the fusion gene of scFv-MCP-3 were constructed correctly and cloned into the prokaryotic expression plasmid successfully identified by sequencing and restriction endonucleases examination. Finally, the fusion protein was expressed in E coli DH5alpha under induction by arabinose. And the fusion protein was 65 kD and account for 30% of the total protein of the bacteria. In conclusion, a prokaryotic plasmid, encoding the fusion gene of single-chain variable fragment with MCP-3 and expressing idiotype protein vaccination against B cell lymphoma, was constructed correctly.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cancer Vaccines ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Chemokine CCL7 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Prokaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bm47 gene is found in all sequenced lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs). It is one of the core genes of NPVs. However, the role of bm47 in the biological cycle of NPV remains unknown. In this study, the Red recombination system was used to knock out bm47 from BmNPV to construct bm47-ko-Bacmid in E. coli BW25113 system. Then bm47 gene was introduced back to the viral genome using the Bac-to-Bac system to create the repair virus bm47-re-Bacmid. TCID50 assay and real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to evaluate the effects of bm47 deletion on viral DNA replication, gene transcription, and protein expression. qPCR results showed that bm47 knock-out had no significant effect on viral DNA replication. However, the qPCR results showed that bm47-ko-Bacmid significantly decreased the transcription levels of early gene lef-3, late gene vp39, and very late gene p10 at 48 h and 72 h after viral transfection of BmN cells (P < 0.05). This work will provide a foundation for further studies on the biological function of BmNPV bm47 in viral replication and transcription.
Animals ; Bombyx ; virology ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Nucleopolyhedrovirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between serum resistin level, cardiovascular risk factors and severity of coronary disease in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

METHODSAfter evaluated by clinical history, electrocardiography, exercise tolerance tests, laboratory tests, and coronary angiography, 220 consecutive patients with suspected chest pain were divided into normal control group, stable angina pectoris (SAP) group, and ACS group, respectively. Baseline clinical characteristics, including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, white blood cell count, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were compared among three groups. ELISA was used to detect serum resistin levels. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was used to assess association between resistin and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to define the relationship between serum resistin level and SAP or ACS.

RESULTSSerum resistin level in ACS group (1.18+/-0.48 microg/L) was significantly higher than that in normal control and SAP groups (0.49+/-0.40 and 0.66+/-0.40 microg/L; P<0.01). Only in ACS group, increased serum resistin level was significantly correlated with hsCRP (r=0.262, P=0.004) and white blood cell count (r=0.347, P=0.001). Furthermore, serum resistin levels showed a stepwise increase with the number increase of > 50% stenosed coronary vessels. Multinomial logistic regression test demonstrated that serum resistin was a strong risk factor for ACS (OR=29.132, 95 % CI: 10.939-77.581, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggested the potential role of resistin in atherosclerosis and especially its involvement in ACS.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Resistin ; blood ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the surgical therapy of midline skull defect accompanied with frontal sinus injury.

METHODS11 cases with midline skull defect accompanied with frontal sinus injury were treated. Free temporal fascia was transplanted to close the top of frontal sinus after curettage of the frontal sinus wall. Then titanium prostheses were used to repair the skull defects at the same stage in 10 patients. 1 patient received skull defect repair at the second stage operation.

RESULTSGood results were achieved in 10 cases. The titanium prosthesis had to be taken out in one case due to frontal sinusitis and the anastomosis of frontal sinus and nasal cavity was performed.

CONCLUSIONSIn patients with midline skull defect accompanied with frontal sinus injury, free temporal fascia could be used to close the top of frontal sinus after curettage of frontal sinus wall. If there is no infection or mild infection in frontal sinus, the skull defect repair could be performed in the same stage. If there is severe frontal sinusitis, the defect repair should be done at the second stage.

Facial Injuries ; surgery ; Frontal Sinus ; injuries ; Humans ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Skull ; injuries ; Skull Fractures ; surgery ; Titanium

Retinalvein occlusion (RVO) is the most common retinal vascular disease.The main causes of visual impairment and blindness are macular edema and retinal neovascularization.Drug therapies are the effective and safe method in the treatment of RVO currently.The main drugs conclude corticosteroid drugs,anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs,thrombolytic drugs and traditional drugs.This article reviews the recent progress in RVO in order to provide some valuable references for clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo observe the biomechanical effects of the lateral wall of the femur in treating femoral intertrochanteric fractures with intramedullary or extramedullary fixation to guide the choice of clinical fixed methods.

METHODSTwelve adults femur specimens of intertrochanteric fractures were belong to the type A1 of the AO fracture classification and randomly divided into the lateral wall complete PFNA group, the lateral wall complete PF-LCP group, the lateral wall breakage PFNA group, lateral wall breakage PF-LCP group, every group had 3 specimens. The four groups of specimens were subjected to compressive loading experiment with Universal Material Testing Machine. The maximum loading force was observed. The distance between fracture ends, the distance of fracture dislocation and the sliding distance of the fracture fragments along the intertrochanteric were measured with Calipers.

RESULTSThe maximum loading force of lateral wall complete PFNA group were larger than that of lateral wall complete PF-LCP group, and the maximum loading force of lateral wall breakage PFNA group were larger than that of lateral wall breakage PF-LCP group, there were significant differences (<0.05). The distance between fracture ends of the four groups before compression were not significant differences(>0.05). The distance between fracture ends, the distance of fracture dislocation and the sliding distance of the fracture fragments were not significant differences between lateral wall complete PFNA group and lateral wall complete PF-LCP group after compression (>0.05). But the distance between fracture ends, the distance of fracture dislocation and the sliding distance of the fracture fragments of lateral wall breakage PFNA group were less than that of lateral wall breakage PF-LCP group(<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIntramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures have stronger loading force. Both intramedullary and extramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures have strong stability when the lateral wall of the femur is complete, but intramedullary fixation of intertrochanteric fractures is stronger stability than extramedullary fixation when the lateral wall of the femur is broken. So the intramedullary fixation is the first choice for the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture.

OBJECTIVETo examine the relationship between apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphism and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), analyzing association of polymorphism with classical risk factors.

METHODSA total of 124 patients (including 84 Han population and 40 Uygur population) with angiographically verified CAD or myocardial infarction were prospectively evaluated. Data referring to hypertension, diabetes, and tobacco consumption were recorded. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, Apo A1 and B, and triglycerides (TG) were determined. DNA was obtained from 124 patients and 70 controls. In order to determine Apo E genotypes, DNA was PCR amplified and digested with HhaI. The genetic polymorphism of Apo E is due to three common alleles, epsilon (epsilon) 2, epsilon3, epsilon4, at a single autosomal gene locus. These alleles determine the six phenotypes E2/2, E3/3, E4/4, E4/2, E4/3, and E3/2.

RESULTSIn Uygur population, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.155, 0.648, and 0.197 respectively. In Han population, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.081, 0.772, and 0.146 respectively. In the patient group, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.060, 0.758, and 0.182 respectively. In the control group, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.193, 0.671, and 0.136 respectively. epsilon2 frequency of Uygur' patients and controls was 0.050 and 0.290 respectively. Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, TC, and TG values tended to decrease from the Apo E-4 phenotypes to Apo E-2 phenotypes. When deletion polymorphism of epsilon2 was compared with the common risk factors for CAD, its risk ratio (RR) is 4.38.

CONCLUSIONSThese studies confirm and find that Apo E phenotype distribution in Uygur population differs significantly from that in Han population in Xinjiang. CAD patients have significantly lower epsilon2 allele and slightly higher epsilon3 or epsilon4 allele frequency than controls, especially in Uygur population. It shows protective effects of epsilon2 on CAD.

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Angina Pectoris ; genetics ; Angina, Unstable ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; DNA ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo study the immune effect of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) combined with recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) vaccine in BALB/c mice.

METHODSThe codon-modified HIV-1 gp120 gene was inserted into plasmid of adeno-associated virus and adenovirus vector separately. Then the rAAV and rAdV vaccines were constructed. BALB/c mice were immunized with rAAV and rAdV vaccines in different administration scheme. The IgG antibody was detected by ELISA and CTL response was detected by intracellular cytokine stain assay.

RESULTSBoth rAAV and rAdV vaccine could express gp120 gene; the mice primed with rAAV at week 0, 2 and boosted with rAdV at week 5, 14 and 20 elicited the strongest gp120 specific CTL and IgG antibody response.

CONCLUSIONThe mice primed with rAAV and boosted with rAdV could elicit specific CTL response and IgG antibody.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; HIV-1 ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; Recombination, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology ; metabolism

The idiotypic determinant of surface immunoglobulin of B-cell lymphoma, as a tumor-specific antigen, has proved to be able to induce immune responses. To analyze whether an idiotypic vaccine fused with cytokine can elicit more effectively protective antitumor immunity, an eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed, which encoded the fusion gene of single-chain variable fragment as a tumor specific antigen against B-cell lymphoma with monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3) as immunogen to elicit T-cell-dependent protective antitumor immunity, and EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) gene as a marker to trace the survival, growth, differentiation and expression of the former exogenetic genes. The cDNAs for immunoglobulin (Ig) VH and IgVL were amplified by RT-PCR and assembled into the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) connected with a (Gly(4)Ser)(3) linker by recombinant PCR method. Then, the fragments of scFv and MCP3 were ligated with a NDAQAPKS spacer by the same method. The results showed that the fusion genes of scFv and MCP3-scFv were inserted into an eukaryotic expression vector pTARGET, and EGFP was cloned into the downstream of scFv and MCP3-scFv respectively. Finally the constructed plasmids were confirmed by sequencing and restriction analysis. In conclusion, a tumor-derived idiotypic DNA vaccine, encoding the fusion gene of single-chain variable fragment and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3) to elicit a T-cell dependent, antitumor immunity, and the EGFP gene was inserted correctly. The DNA vaccine could be used for further study of DNA vaccine against B cell lymphoma in vivo.
Animals ; Cancer Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemokine CCL7 ; immunology ; Genetic Vectors ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; immunology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; Single-Chain Antibodies ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology