Abstract Exposure to atmospheric PM2.5 is closely related to the morbidity and mortality of kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy and kidney cancer. Acute and chronic PM2.5 exposure lead to the damage of glomerular filtration and kidney tissue of mice. PM2.5 induces cellular oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, renin angiotensin system and bradykinin system activation, so that causes renal blood vessel and tissue damage, decreases glomerular filtration rate and clearance capacity, and mediates the occurrence of kidney damage and diseases. This article reviews the studies into the impact of PM2.5 on kidney and its mechanism form 2016 to 2020, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of kidney injury induced by PM2.5.

Objective To understand the status quo of work satisfaction of the graduates of GP vocational training program by Zhongshan hospital Fudan university,to provide bases for making best GP career development strategy by health authorities.Methods Using short form of the career orientation inventory to conduct career investigation of the 152 graduates of GP vocational training program by Zhongshan hospital,Fudan university.152 questionnaires were issued and the effective response rate was 100％.Results The top of GPs' career anchor is job security orientation (106,69.7％),followed by technical competence (28,18.4％),service (8,5.3 ％),managerial (5,3.3 ％),autonomy (3,1.9％),lifestyle (1,0.7 ％),entrepreneurship (1,0.7 ％),pure challenge (0,0) and geographic security orientation (0,0).We found that for male GPs,they displayed higher score for entrepreneurship orientation than female GPs (t =2.775,P =0.006).Those older than 35 displayed higher score for geographic security orientation than those younger than 35 (t =-2.154,P =0.033).GPs with at least 10 years' work experience displayed higher score for geographic security orientation than those with less than 10 years' work experience (t =-2.414,P =0.017).The distribution of all types of career orientations of GPs was the same no matter how different their degrees and professional titles were.Conclusions Job security orientation and technical competence are the major job orientations of GP vocational training program by Zhongshan hospital,some career anchor orientations are related to age,gender and duration of work experience.Effective career management should be conducted based on these characters of the graduates' career orientation.

Objective To quantitatively analyze and compare the texture features of thermal and chemical lesions on the porcine striated muscle, in vitro extracted from high-frequency ultrasonograms using computer-assisted image analysis technique, and to investigate the application values. Methods The thermal lesion and chemical lesion were induced in vitro in porcine striated muscle by microwave ablation and anhydrous acetic acid injection, respectively. The two dimension (2D) ultrasonographic ifndings were qualitatively compared between the groups of thermal and chemical lesion models, in which eight textural features in geometric mathematics extracted from 2D ultrasonograms were quantitatively analyzed by a technique of computer-assisted image analysis named multiscale decomposition method of echo intensity of interface relfections. Results As expected, microwave ablation and anhydrous acetic acid caused signiifcant changes of several texture features extracted from ultrasonograms. There were significant differences between the normal group and microwave ablation group in grayscale mean (Mean), irregularity (IRGL) and periodicity of distribution (POD) as follows (Mean: 1.9143±0.2914 vs 1.2334±0.3357, t=-5.306, P=0.000; IRGL: 0.5577±0.0334 vs 0.5092±0.0459, t=-2.957, P=0.007; POD: 0.000 27±0.000 005 vs 0.000 29±0.000 008, t=4.782, P=0.000). There were signiifcant differences between the normal group and anhydrous acetic acid injection group in number of blobs (NOB), size of blobs (SOB) and periodicity of distribution (POD) as follows (NOB: 51.0324±13.6998 vs 31.6042±4.8315, t=4.633, P=0.000; SOB:16.4843±3.9349 vs 25.6230±2.3555, t=6.903, P=0.000;POD:0.000 26±0.000 015 vs 0.000 29±0.000 008, t=-4.459, P=0.000). For each group of injured regions, there were significant differences between the microwave ablation group and anhydrous acetic acid injection group in Mean, IRGL, NOB and SOB as follows (Mean: 1.2664±0.2688 vs 1.9143±0.2914, t=-5.661, P=0.000; IRGL: 0.5220±0.0422 vs 0.5577±0.0334, t=-2.295, P=0.032;NOB:51.0324±13.6998 vs 34.5856±2.6362, t=4.048, P=0.000;SOB:16.4843±3.9349 vs 25.3176±2.3501, t=-6.676, P=0.000). Conclusion Technique of computer-assisted image analysis named multiscale decomposition method of echo intensity of interface relfections, based on multiscale blob features extraction, was useful to differentiate ultrasonic texture features between the groups injured in our study, which established quantitative muscle ultrasound as a practical and reliable tool for the muscle injury diagnosis to distinguish the structural changes induced by different physiochemical factors.

Background Researchers showed that posterior capsule opacification (PCO) may be associated with the materials of intraocular lenses (IOLs).However,there have long been controversies about the influence of IOLs materials on PCO pathogenesis.Objective This study was to compare the capsule biocompatibility of different materials of IOLs by observing the biological behavior of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) on the surface of IOLs,including adhesion,proliferation,epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the secretion of transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2),interleukin-6 (IL-6),matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in vitro.Methods Human lens epithelial cell line (HLE-B3) was cultured on the surface of hydrophobic acrylic (Acrysof SA60AT) IOLs,silicone (Crystalens HD) IOLs and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) IOLs for 6 hours and 24 hours,respectively.The number and morphology of HLE-B3 cells on the surface of IOLs were observed under the optical microscope.The proliferation states of the cells on the IOL surface were detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),a mesenchymal cell marker,in the cells was detected by immunofluoreseence technology,and the EMT rates of HLE-B3 cells were calculated.The contents of TGF-β2,IL-6,MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the medium of IOL surface were measured by ELISA assay.The examination results were compared among different IOLs.Results Six hours after cultured,attached cells showed polygon and round in shape on the surface of Acrysof IOLs and Crystalens IOLs,while those on the PMMA IOLs showed the fusiform.Twenty-four hours after cultured,the cells extended obviously.On the surface of Acrysof IOLs and Crystalens IOLs,the adherent cells showed less cobble-stone like and more spindle shape;while those on the PMMA IOLs showed the typical fiber and some cells clustered the pearl rolls.The number of the cells on the Acrysof IOLs,Crystalens IOLs and PMMA IOLs was 0.238 4 ± 0.007 1,0.178 1 ±-0.006 6 and 0.158 9 ± 0.006 9 respectively,showing a significant difference among the three types of IOLs (F =475.947,P =0.000),and the number of the cells was much more on the Acrysof IOLs than that on the Crystalens IOLs or PMMA IOLs (both at P＜0.001).The EMT rats of the cells on the Acrysof IOLs,Crystalens IOLs and PMMA IOLs were (9.99±3.80) ％,(17.33±5.71) ％ and (84.16±10.48) ％,with a significant difference among them (F =127.411,P =0.000),and the EMT rates of the cells on the PMMA IOLs were significantly higher than those on the Crystalens IOLs and A.crysof IOLs(both at P＜0.001).There were significant differences in the contents of TGF-β2,IL-6,MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the medium on the Acrysof IOLs,Crystalens IOLs and PMMA IOLs (F =0.846,0.947,0.255,0.922,all at P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The hydrophobic acrylic IOLs have the best capsule biocompatibility followed by the silicone IOLs and then the PMMA IOLs.

Objective:To validate the clinical value of CT-guided curve-needle percutaneous ethanol injection (CNPEI) for celiac plexus block analgesia. Methods: Thirty-two patients with end-stage cancer, including 13 complicated with extensive retroperitoneal lymph node enlargement and fusion, were enrolled in this study. All patients complained of refractory upper abdominal pain and had received narcotic analgesics and radiotherapy, but the analgesic effect was not good. CT-guided CNPEI was therefore prescribed. Results: The effective rates of CT-guided CNPEI were 100%, 100%, 96.9%, 90.6%, 87.5%, and 84.4% immediately,and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks after treatment, respectively. All enlarged lymph nodes had obvious necrosis and became shrunk. Conclusion: Combined application of bilateral anterior and posterior diaphragmatic crura block and trans-lymph node block can produce good analgesic effects, and curve-needle puncture make the above technique simpler.

Objective:To validate the therapeutic value of CT-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of metastatic adrenal tumors. Methods: Thirty-one foci (diameter ranging from 1.5 cm to 7.2 cm) in 25 patients with metastatic adrenal tumors were treated with CT-guided PEI for more than twice. Plain and enhanced CT scans were performed 1-2 months after PEI to observe the size and necrosis of the tumors. Results: Post-PEI enhanced CT scan showed that 18 of the 20 foci with diameters less than 3 cm completely necrotized; 11 foci with diameters between 3 cm and 7.2 cm necrotized partially, and 2 foci completely necrotized after another 2-3 courses of PEI treatment. Conclusion: CT-guided PEI is a simple and minimally invasive means for treatment of metastatic adrenal tumors, and the therapeutic effect is satisfactory.

Objective To analyze if there are membrane estrogen receptors(ER)in endometrial carcinoma and if there is some relationship between membrane ER and nuclear ER.Methods The cell membrane and total cell ER?and ER?expressions of high and moderate differentiation endometrial carcinoma cells(Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells)were analyzed.Intermittent immunofluorescence dyeing and fluorescent microscopy were carried out with the ceils treated with polyformaldehyde and Triton X-100. Intermittent immunofluorescence dyeing and flow cytometry were carried out with the live cells and the cells treated with Triton X-100 respectively.Results There were fluorescences on the membrane of the Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells which were treated with polyformaldehyde.When the cells were treated with Triton X- 100,the fluorescences were also seen inside the cells.The fluorescence intensity of ER?and ER?in Ishikawa cell membrane(1.09?0.21,1.27?0.33)was stronger than the control,but there were no significant differences(P＞0.05).When treated with Triton X-100,the total cell fluorescence intensity of ER?and ER?in Ishikawa cell(4.21?0.34,4.69?1.96)was stronger than the membrane(P＜0.05). The ER?and ER?fluorescence intensity of HEC-1A cell membrane(1.58?0.13,1.49?0.04)were stronger than the control(P＜0.05).The fluorescence intensity of ER?and ER?of the HEC-1A cell (2.34?0.33,2.52?0.15)was stronger than the membrane also(P＜0.05).The membrane ER?fluorescence intensity of Ishikawa was lower than HEC-1A(P=0.028).But the total cell ER?fluorescence intensity of Ishikawa was higher than HEC-1A(P=0.002).Conclusions There are membrane ER on endometrial carcinoma cells Ishikawa and HEC-1A.The membrane ER must have some similarity to the nuclear receptor.There is no direct correlation between the quantity of the membrane ER and nuclear ER.

Eleven compounds were isolated and purified from the barks extract of Nothopanax delavayi and their structures were identified as serratagenic acid-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), serratagenic acid-3-0-alpha-L-arabi-nopyranosyl-28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (2), serratagenic acid (3), serratagenic acid-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (4), serratagenic acid-beta-O-beta-(2', 4'-O-diacetyl) -D-xylopyranosyl-28-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopy-ranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->46)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (5), serratagenic acid-3-O-alpha-(4'-O-acetyl)-L-arabino pyrano-syl-28-0- [-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester(6), serratagenic acid-3-O-alpha-(2'-O-acetyl)-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-[-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester(7), serratagenic acid-3-0-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-28-O-[-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (8), protocatechuic acid (9), ethyl caffeate (10) and caffeic anhydride (11) by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. Among them, compounds 3-4 and 9-11 were firstly isolated from the genus Nothopanax, and compounds 5-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Araliaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Bark ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the clinical,histopathological and dermoscopic features as well as treatment and prognosis of cicatricial alopecia.Methods Clinical data on 53 patients with cicatricial alopecia were retrospectively collected and studied.Pathological and dermoscopic characteristics,as well as treatment modality and prognosis of cicatricial alopecia were analyzed.Results Cicatricial alopecia was characterized by alopecia,disappearance of follicular ostia,and absence or decrease in the number of polisebaceous gland units.Pathologically,focal liquefactive degeneration of basal cells,follicular keratotic plugs,arborising telangiectasia together with a positive immunofluorescence test were usually suggestive of discoid lupus erythematosus,interface dermatitis suggestive of lichen planopilaris,inflammation and mild disruption of elastic fibers suggestive of classic pseudopelade of Brocq.Mucin deposition between hair follicles and sinking of follicular ostia were pathological and dermoscopic characteristics of alopecia mucinosa.Pustules could be visible in both folliculitis decalvans and dissecting cellulitis/folliculitis,with tufted hairs usually seen in the former,and sinus formation in the later.Lymphocytic disorders were treated with immunosuppressors,and neutrophile disorders with antibiotics and retinoids.Conclusions Histopathological examination plays a determinant role in the diagnosis of cicatricial alopecia,which can cause irreducible damage to hair follicles,and require long term treatment.Early diagnosis and appropriate use of drugs may control the development of cicatricial alopecia,and reduce the occurrence of permanent hair loss.

Purpose To observe the functional expression of calcium sensing receptor ( CaSR) in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line, the effect of CaSR on intracellular calcium, cell proliferation and migration of SCG-7901. Methods The expression and distribu-tion of CaSR were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence observation in SGC-7901. The intracellular concentration of free calcium ( [ Ca2+] i ) was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. MTT, flow cytometry and scratch test were used to an-alyze the impact of CaSR the proliferation and the migration capabilities of SGC-7901 cell. Results CaSR protein was expressed in SGC-7901. Extracellular calcium or calindol significantly increased the expression of [Ca2+]i, CaSR and E-cadherin;In addition, the migration capabilities were decreased. Conclusion CaSR is expressed in SGC-7901. The activation of CaSR induces the expression of E-cadherin, and decreases migration ability.